氟比洛芬酯联合氢吗啡酮在老年髋/膝关节置换术后患者自控静脉镇痛中的应用效果

目的:观察氟比洛芬酯联合氢吗啡酮在老年髋/膝关节置换术(THA/KTA)后患者自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)中的应用效果。方法:选取接受THA/KTA的70例老年患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各35例。术后对照组予以盐酸氢吗啡酮注射液镇痛,观察组在对照组的基础上联合氟比洛芬酯注射液镇痛,比较两组术后4、12、24、48 h视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分,术前及术后24 h炎性因子[白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-1β、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]水平,以及不良反应发生率。结果:术后12、24、48 h时,观察组VAS评分均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后24 h,观察组IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α水平均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:氟比洛芬酯联合氢吗啡酮应用于老年THA/KTA术后患者自控静脉镇痛中,可降低术后VAS评分和炎性因子水平,效果优于单纯氢吗啡酮镇痛。     

1.5T盂唇放射状MRI扫描对髋关节盂唇撕裂的诊断价值

目的研究1.5T盂唇放射状MRI扫描对髋关节盂唇撕裂的诊断价值。方法选择2017年12月到2019年12月30例髋关节盂唇撕裂患者作为研究对象,均进行1.5T盂唇常规MRI扫描、放射状MRI扫描,并以关节镜手术结果为“金标准”,分析常规MRI扫描、放射状MRI扫描在髋关节盂唇撕裂中的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。结果30例患者中,常规MRI扫描评估显示共有45处盂唇正常,42处盂唇撕裂,3处盂唇退变;放射状MRI扫描评估显示共有49处盂唇正常,40处盂唇撕裂,1处盂唇退变;关节镜手术结果显示共有48处盂唇正常,41处盂唇撕裂,1处盂唇退变。以关节镜手术结果为准,30例患者中共有41处盂唇撕裂,常规MRI扫描的敏感度为70.45%、特异度为78.26%、准确度为74.44%、阳性预测值为75.61%、阴性预测值为73.47%;放射状MRI扫描的敏感度为95.00%、特异度为94.00%、准确度为94.44%、阳性预测值为92.68%、阴性预测值为95.92%。结论1.5T盂唇放射状MRI扫描可显著提高髋关节盂唇撕裂诊断的敏感度、特异度及准确度,从而提高临床诊疗效率。     

髋关节术后患者发生谵妄的影响因素分析

目的 分析髋关节术后发生谵妄的影响因素。方法 选择2019年12月至2021年12月台州市中心医院行髋关节术患者230例,统计术后谵妄发生率及影响因素。结果 230例髋关节术后患者中,110例出现谵妄,发生率47.83%。单因素分析显示,髋关节术后发生谵妄与性别、功能/体力障碍、听力障碍、酗酒史、文化程度、术前血红蛋白、麻醉时间、术后电解质无关,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;髋关节术后发生谵妄与年龄、认知功能障碍、睡眠障碍、基础疾病、术前白蛋白、麻醉方式、麻醉药物、手术方式、术前电解质有关（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、认知功能障碍、睡眠障碍、基础疾病、术前白蛋白、麻醉方式、麻醉药物、手术方式、术前电解质为髋关节术后发生谵妄的主要影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 年龄、认知功能障碍、睡眠障碍、基础疾病、术前白蛋白、麻醉方式、麻醉药物、手术方式、术前电解质为影响髋关节术后发生谵妄的主要影响因素,应根据其影响因素,制定合适的干预措施,防止谵妄的发生。     

Alterações no nível de TNF‐α após bloqueio do nervo femoral guiado por ultrassom em idosos com fratura de quadril

Background and objectives

An ultrasound guided femoral nerve block is an established analgesic method in patients with a hip fracture. Elevated cytokine levels correlate with poor patient outcomes after surgery. Hence, the aim of the study was to describe the levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α after an ultrasound‐guided femoral nerve block in elderly patients having a femoral neck fracture.

Nail or plate fixation for A3 trochanteric hip fractures: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials

Continuing controversy exists for the choice of implant for treating A3 trochanteric hip fractures so we undertook a systematic review of randomised controlled trials from the year 2000 onwards that have compared an intramedullary nail with an extramedullary fixation implant for the treatment of these fractures. Data on the occurrence of any fracture healing complications was extracted and the results combined to calculate Peto odd ratio. Nine studies involving 370 fractures were identified. Three studies involving 105 fractures compared an intramedullary nail with a static fixation (condylar, blade or locking plate). Plate fixation was associated with a fivefold increase risk of fracture healing complications (19/52(36.6%) versus 4/53(7.5%), odds ratio 0.14, 95% Confidence intervals 0.04–0.45). Six studies involving 265 fractures compared an intramedullary nail with a sliding hip screw. No statistically significant difference was found in the occurrence of facture healing complications between implants (13/137(9.5%) versus 11/128(8.6%) odds ratio 0.28, 95% Confidence intervals 0.50–2.80). Bases on the evidence to date from randomised trials, the use of fixed nail plates for surgical fixation of this type of fracture cannot be justified. Intramedullary nail fixation and the sliding hip screw have comparable fracture healing complication rates.     

Clinical research in fragility fractures

The Fragility Fracture Network is coordinating international initiatives to promote collaborative research, multidisciplinary care, and the secondary prevention of fragility fractures. This review discusses the use of national audit processes and the collection of common outcomes to facilitate research, as well as the key role played by patient and public involvement, and strategies to overcome research barriers.     

Timing of surgery for hip fractures in the elderly: A retrospective cohort study

IntroductionAlthough early surgery for elderly patients with hip fracture is recommended in existing clinical guidelines, the results of previous studies are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to compare postoperative outcomes of early and delayed surgery for elderly patients with hip fracture.Materials and MethodsIn this retrospective study using a national inpatient database in Japan, patients aged 65 years or older who underwent surgery for hip fracture between July 2010 and March 2014 were included. Early surgery was defined as surgery on the day or the next day of admission. Assessed outcomes included death within 30 days and hospital-acquired pneumonia.ResultsIn this cohort, 47,073 (22.5%) patients underwent surgery for hip fractures within two days of admission (early surgery group) and 161,805 (77.5%) underwent surgery for hip fractures thereafter (delayed surgery group). Early surgery was significantly associated with lower odds for hospital-acquired pneumonia (odds ratio, 0.42; 95% confidence interval, 0.25–0.69) and pressure ulcers (odds ratio, 0.56, 95%CI: 0.33–0.96, p = 0.035), but was not associated with 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.49–1.86) or pulmonary embolism (odds ratio, 1.62, 95%CI: 0.58–4.52, p = 0.357).ConclusionsThese results support current guidelines, which recommend early surgery for elderly hip fractures patients.     

Hip fractures in the oldest old. Comparative study of centenarians and nonagenarians and mortality risk factors

IntroductionCentenarians and nonagenarians constitute a rapidly growing age group in Western countries and they are expected to be admitted to hospital with hip fractures. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes of centenarian and nonagenarian patients following a hip fracture and to identify risk factors related to in-hospital and post-discharge mortality in both groups.Patients and methodsA prospective evaluation of centenarian patients and nonagenarian controls admitted to a tertiary university hospital in Barcelona with hip fractures over a period of 5 years and 9 months. Baseline characteristics and outcomes in both patient groups were compared. Variables associated with in-hospital, 30-day, 3-month and 1-year mortality were also analyzed.ResultsThirty-three centenarians and 82 nonagenarians were included. The most relevant statistically significant differences found were: Barthel index at admission (61.90 vs. 75.22), number of drugs before admission (4.21vs 5.55), in-hospital complication rates (97 vs. 78%), readmissions at 3 months and 1 year (0 vs 11.7% and 3.4 vs. 19.5% respectively) and mortality at 3 months and 1 year (41.4 vs. 20.8% and 62.1 vs. 29.9%, respectively). Mean number of complications, rapid atrial fibrillation, mean age, and urinary tract infection were risk factors associated with mortality.ConclusionsCentenarian patients had similar in-hospital outcomes to nonagenarians, but experienced more complications and twice the 3-month and 1-year mortality rate. The mean number of complications was the risk factor most consistently related to in-hospital and post-discharge mortality. These findings emphasize the need to improve care in very old patients to prevent complications.     

股骨近端锁定钢板与股骨近端髓内钉内固定术治疗股骨粗隆下骨折患者的效果比较

目的:比较股骨近端锁定钢板(PFLP)与股骨近端髓内钉(PFN)内固定术治疗股骨粗隆下骨折患者的效果。方法:回顾性分析2018年7月至2020年7月该院收治的84例股骨粗隆下骨折患者的临床资料,依据手术方式不同分为对照组和观察组各42例。对照组采用PFLP内固定术治疗,观察组采用PFN内固定术治疗。比较两组术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间、骨折愈合时间、术后髋关节功能及不良事件发生率。结果:观察组术中出血量少于对照组,手术时间、住院时间、骨折愈合时间短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后6个月,观察组髋关节功能优良率为95.24%(40/42),高于对照组的76.19%(32/42),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组不良事件发生率为7.14%(3/42),低于对照组的23.81%(10/42),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:与PFLP内固定术相比,PFN内固定术治疗股骨粗隆下骨折效果确切,能够缩短手术时间、住院时间、骨折愈合时间,减少术中出血量,提高患者术后髋关节功能,降低术后不良事件发生率。