农村居家失能老年人健康管理需求评估问卷的编制及信效度检验

目的编制农村居家失能老年人健康管理需求评估问卷,并检验其信效度。方法以奥马哈问题分类系统为理论框架,综合文献回顾形成问卷条目池,对18名专家进行2轮Delphi专家函询形成预试问卷。对河南省213名农村居家失能老年人进行调查,检验问卷的信效度。结果探索性因子分析共提取6个公因子29个条目,包括健康档案、身体评估、心理健康、医疗环境、健康知识、智慧养老,累积方差贡献率为72.992%;条目内容效度指数为0.889～1.000,平均内容效度为0.975。问卷Cronbach′sα系数为0.897,折半信度为0.876,重测信度为0.902。结论农村居家失能老年人健康管理需求评估问卷具有良好的信度及效度,可作为评价农村居家失能老年人健康管理需求的有效工具。     

Exploring the Burn Model System National Database: Burn injuries,substance misuse,and the CAGE questionnaire

Burn survivors who misuse alcohol and/other substances have been associated with poorer long-term outcomes and clinical complications following injury. The self-reported CAGE questionnaire (Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, and Eye-opener) is an outcomes assessment tool used to screen for potential substance misuse. Understanding the persistence and emergence of potential substance misuse through examination of CAGE scores may provide important information about this population. Using data collected from the Burn Model System National Database, demographic and clinical characteristics of individuals who reported positive CAGE scores (total score of ≥2) and those who reported negative CAGE scores (total score of 0 or 1) for either alcohol or other drugs were compared.     

Adaptation and transcultural translation into Spanish of the Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation Questionnaire

The purpose of this study was to perform the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation Questionnaire to Spanish language and evaluate its reliability and validity. The translation and cultural adaptation into Spanish was done in accordance with the published guidelines. One-hundred fifty Spanish-speaking patients with unilateral chronic lateral epicondylalgia competed the questionnaire. Test-retest reliability was established by the intraclass correlation coefficient. Internal consistency was established with Cronbach's α. To establish convergent validity, we used the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Questionnaire using the Spearman's correlation coefficient. Error estimation in the measurements was calculated with the standard error of measurement. Our results showed a high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .96) and high test-retest reliability (intraclass coefficient = .9; .89-.94; P < .001). The Spearman's correlation coefficient (r = .765; P < .001) showed a good relationship between the Spanish version of the Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation Questionnaire and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Questionnaire. The standard error of measurement (11.9%) showed little variability of measurements. In conclusion, the Spanish version of the Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation Questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool that can be used to assess lateral epicondylalgia in Spanish-speaking individuals in order to implement the best treatment and reduce time with pain and disability.     

永久性肠造口患者健康素养量表的编制

目的 构建永久性肠造口患者健康素养评估工具。 方法 参考国内外文献与质性访谈,建立量表条目池,通过2轮专家咨询对条目进行删改,调查220例永久性肠造口患者进行信效度评定。 结果 正式量表包括3个领域31个条目,功能领域产生4个公因子（获取肠造口信息能力、阅读肠造口信息能力、理解肠造口信息能力、交流肠造口信息能力）,知识领域产生2个公因子（肠造口预防保健知识、肠造口护理技能知识）,态度领域产生2个公因子（肠造口观点、肠造口行为倾向）。8个公因子的方差累积贡献率56.787%。量表水平内容效度0.890,量表Cronbach′s α系数0.864,折半信度系数0.923。 结论 永久性肠造口患者健康素养量表信效度良好,可作为永久性肠造口患者健康素养测评工具。     

Semi‐quantitative assessment of disease risks at the human,livestock, wildlife interface for the Republic of Korea using a nationwide survey of experts: A model for other countries

Wildlife‐associated diseases and pathogens have increased in importance; however, management of a large number of diseases and diversity of hosts is prohibitively expensive. Thus, the determination of priority wildlife pathogens and risk factors for disease emergence is warranted. We used an online questionnaire survey to assess release and exposure risks, and consequences of wildlife‐associated diseases and pathogens in the Republic of Korea (ROK). We also surveyed opinions on pathways for disease exposure, and risk factors for disease emergence and spread. For the assessment of risk, we employed a two‐tiered, statistical K ‐means clustering algorithm to group diseases into three levels (high, medium and low) of perceived risk based on release and exposure risks, societal consequences and the level of uncertainty of the experts’ opinions. To examine the experts’ perceived risk of routes of introduction of pathogens and disease amplification and spread, we used a Bayesian, multivariate normal order‐statistics model. Six diseases or pathogens, including four livestock and two wildlife diseases, were identified as having high risk with low uncertainty. Similarly, 13 diseases were characterized as having high risk with medium uncertainty with three of these attributed to livestock, six associated with human disease, and the remainder having the potential to affect human, livestock and wildlife (i.e., One Health). Lastly, four diseases were described as high risk with high certainty, and were associated solely with fish diseases. Experts identified migration of wildlife, international human movement and illegal importation of wildlife as the three routes posing the greatest risk of pathogen introduction into ROK. Proximity of humans, livestock and wildlife was the most significant risk factor for promoting the spread of wildlife‐associated diseases and pathogens, followed by high density of livestock populations, habitat loss and environmental degradation, and climate change. This study provides useful information to decision makers responsible for allocating resources to address disease risks. This approach provided a rapid, cost‐effective method of risk assessment of wildlife‐associated diseases and pathogens for which the published literature is sparse.     

饮品对北京市社区中老年人群骨质疏松影响的调查研究

目的 探讨饮品摄入对北京市社区中老年人群骨质疏松的影响。方法 于2017年11月至2018年7月,采用现场问卷调查的形式共筛查北京市朝阳区、丰台区10个社区中老年人1 642例,问卷内容包括受试者的基本信息和饮品饮用习惯（奶制品、豆浆、红茶、绿茶、咖啡及碳酸饮料）等。结合骨密度检测结果,对比分析骨量正常与骨质疏松人群的一般特征、饮品摄入情况,通过Logistic回归方法分析被调查人群骨量疏松可能的影响因素。结果 共计1 540例符合研究方案,其中骨质疏松人群521例,骨量正常人群305例,男性208例,女性618例,平均年龄为（63.0±7.2）岁。两类人群在性别、年龄、体质指数、是否绝经、绝经年限等方面差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）。经χ2检验,骨质疏松人群经常饮用红茶与绿茶的比例低于骨量正常人群,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01～0.05）。经Logistic回归分析,全人群中经常饮用奶制品可能是预防骨质疏松的保护因素（β=?0.44,OR=0.64,P=0.017）,女性人群中经常饮用咖啡可能是预防骨质疏松的保护因素（β=?1.46,OR=0.23,P=0.032）。结论 北京市社区中老年骨质疏松的发生除受到性别、年龄、 体质指数、绝经年限等因素影响之外,还与居民饮品摄入习惯密切相关,绝经后女性是骨质疏松防治的重点人群。