英文版《中医体质量表》的初步编译

目的 编译英文版《中医体质量表》,并将其作为体质测评工具在亚裔人群之外推广使用。方法 按照跨文化外文量表编制的标准化程序,将中文版《中医体质量表》进行顺翻译,以顺翻译完成的问卷对在北京居住的美加籍高加索人作为受访对象进行初试,并采用Likert五分制判定受试者对英文版《中医体质量表》条目的理解程度。根据初试结果将问卷进行修订,最后逆翻译并重新修订。结果 在60名受访者中,认为对初译的英文版《中医体质量表》完全理解的占88.33%。原中文版《中医体质量表》的60个条目中,〖JP〗44条经顺翻译确定,16条经初试、修订和回译进行修改,初步形成英文版《中医体质量表》。结论 《中医体质量表》的跨文化编译需要不同文化背景的专业人士参与,既需要遵循量表编制的原则,更需要关注不同文化之间的通约问题。英文版《中医体质量表》的初步编译,为进一步在欧美人中开展大样本中医体质调查提供了研究工具。     

Plasma linoleic acid partially mediates the association of bipolar disorder on self-reported mental health scales

We have shown that bipolar individuals have reduced quality diets, including lower intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). We have also reported reduced plasma levels of the n-6 PUFA, linoleic acid (LA), and the n-3 PUFA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in bipolar subjects. In the current analysis we hypothesized that LA and EPA plasma levels would mediate lower self-reported mental health and life functioning scores in bipolar subjects. In a cross-sectional study, we collected a 7-day diet record in bipolar (n = 56) and control subjects (n = 46) followed by a fasted blood draw. We used structured equation modeling path analysis to test for mediating effects of dietary intake and plasma levels of LA and EPA on self-reported mental health questionnaire scores, including the Life Functioning Questionnaire (LFQ), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9), and the Short Form Health Survey (SF12), extracting the mental health component summary score (SF12-MH). We adjusted for age, gender, psychiatric medication use, body mass index (BMI), and total caloric intake as covariates with bipolar disorder as the primary predictor. We found a significant path association from bipolar disorder to lower plasma LA levels (p = 0.03) and significant paths from plasma LA to PHQ9 (p = 0.05), LFQ (p = 0.01) and SF12-MH (p = 0.05) scores, such that lower plasma LA predicted worse outcomes. We found no significant paths from plasma EPA levels to any of the outcome measures. These findings suggest that plasma LA levels partially mediate the effect of bipolar disorder on self-reported measures of mental health and life functioning.     

大学生亚健康中医证候问卷调查表的设计与评价初探

目的 制定针对大学生群体的亚健康中医证候问卷调查表.方法 采用文献检索法及Delphi法确定大学生亚健康常见的临床表现,根据问卷调查表的设计原理与方法,将大学生亚健康常见的临床表现设计成问卷条目,形成问卷调查表的初稿.应用初稿进行小样本流调,采用统计学的频率分布法、相关性分析及信度效度检验,对问卷调查表初稿的条目进行修改,形成正式稿.结果 形成包括气血亏虚证、心脾两虚证、湿热蕴结证、肝气郁结证、肝郁化火证、肝郁脾虚证和肝肾阴虚证7个维度、自填与访谈相结合的问卷调查表.结论 制定的大学生亚健康中医证候问卷调查表具有较好的信度和效度,可用于大学生亚健康中医证候的流行病学调查研究.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期临床症状测评问卷信度、效度和反应度考核

目的 评价慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期临床症状测评问卷(测试版)(以下简称“COPD问卷”)的信度、效度和反应度.方法 选取2008年1月至2010年6月河南中医学院第一附属医院等4家三级甲等医院收治的306例COPD稳定期患者进行问卷调查,以Cronbach'α系数、Guttman分半信度和重测信度评价信度,以敏感性分析、内容效度和结构效度评价问卷效度,以应答率评价可行性,以治疗前后积分配对t检验评价问卷反应度,并评价效应尺度.结果 问卷有效应答率95.1％,可行性良好;测评问卷的Cronbach'α系数为0.733、Guttman分半系数为0.817,内在信度较好,重测信度较低,外在信度一般;各条目与总分间的相关系数较好,但各条目间的相关系数较小;公因子分析λ＞1时共筛选出2个公因子,结构效度较好;问卷各条目和总分治疗前后t检验差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),反应度较好;除咯痰条目外,其余条目和总分均为中等或较大效应尺度.结论 COPD问卷在COPD稳定期患者具有较好的信度和结构效度,内容效度一般,能够较好地反映治疗效果,可作为COPD患者的临床疗效评价测评工具.     

重症监护病房血管导管相关血流感染发病率及预防措施多中心调查

目的了解某市三级医院重症监护病房(ICU)中心静脉导管相关血流感染(CRBSI)预防与控制质量安全管理现状,探讨其对策。方法用自行设计的问卷,调查CRBSI防控及质量管理现状。结果8所医院ICU CRBSI发病率为4.81‰,例次发病率为5.02‰。6所(75.00%)医院具有预防CRBSI标准操作规程,2所(25.00%)医院有中心静脉导管(CVC)维护专用记录单,仅2所(25.00%)医院实施了最大无菌屏障和置管组合措施,无医院使用抗感染敷料和氯己定洗浴。结论该市三级医院ICU预防与控制CRBSI标准操作规程及落实控制措施方面存在很多问题,有待加强和改进。     

Assessment of Pre-Pregnancy Dietary Intake with a Food Frequency Questionnaire in Alberta Women

Purpose: Pre-pregnancy is an under-examined and potentially important time to optimize dietary intake to support fetal growth and development as well as maternal health. The purpose of the study was to determine the extent to which dietary intake reported by non-pregnant women is similar to pre-pregnancy dietary intake reported by pregnant women using the same assessment tool. Methods: The self-administered, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was adapted from the Canadian version of the Diet History Questionnaire, originally developed by the National Cancer Institute in the United States. Pregnant women (n = 98) completed the FFQ which assessed dietary intake for the year prior to pregnancy. Non-pregnant women (n = 103) completed the same FFQ which assessed dietary intake for the previous year. Energy, macronutrients, and key micronutrients: long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, folate, vitamin B₆, vitamin B₁₂, calcium, vitamin D and iron were examined. Results: Dietary intake between groups; reported with the FFQ; was similar except for saturated fat; trans fat; calcium; and alcohol. Pregnant women reported significantly higher intakes of saturated fat; trans fat; and calcium and lower intake of alcohol in the year prior to pregnancy compared to non-pregnant women who reported intake in the previous year. Conclusions: Despite limitations; a FFQ may be used to assist with retrospective assessment of pre-pregnancy dietary intake.     

Evaluation of the Chinese Adult Strabismus-20 （CAS-20） questionnaire using Rasch analysis

ObjectiveTo further refine the Chinese Adult Strabismus-20 （CAS-20） health-related quality of life（HRQOL） questionnaire using Rasch analysis. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, the CAS-20 questionnaire was independently completed by 246 adult strabismus patients. Based on the score for each item, Rasch analysis was performed on the original CAS-20 using the following aspects： dimensionality, response order, local dependence, infit and outfit analysis, differential item function, subject targeting and confirmatory dimensionality. ResultsThe original CAS-20 was divided into 4 subscales, which were labeled ″self-perception″, ″interaction″, ″reading function″, and ″general function″. Response ordering was appropriate for all of the 4 subscales. As a result of infit and outfit analysis, 3 items were removed, one each from ″self-perception″, ″reading function″, and ″general function″. No significant differential item function was found for sex or age. Compared with the ability of the patients and item difficulty, the 3 subscales matched well except for ″reading function″. ConclusionThe original CAS-20 was reduced to 17 items, and divided into 4 subscales, which were ″self-perception″, ″interaction″, ″reading function″, and ″general function″. Subject response choices saved 5 test options. The refined CAS-20 may prove to be more responsive to HRQOL changes in adult strabismus patients.     

Cardiac misconceptions: comparisons among nurses, nursing students and people with heart disease in Taiwan

Title. Cardiac misconceptions: comparisons among nurses, nursing students and people with heart disease in Taiwan. Aim. This paper is a report of a study to examine the misconceived and potentially maladaptive beliefs (cardiac misconceptions) about heart disease held by nurses, nursing students and people with heart disease in Taiwan. Background. Research suggests that misconceived and maladaptive beliefs about heart disease influence outcomes in people with heart disease, and that eliciting and dispelling incorrect beliefs can reduce disability in this population. However, nurses do not routinely elicit maladaptive beliefs or attempt to dispel them. Method. Between October 2005 and March 2006, a survey was conducted using version 1 of the York Cardiac Beliefs Questionnaire to measure cardiac misconceptions in 64 hospital‐based nurses (13 of whom were cardiac nurses), 134 nursing students and 238 people with heart disease. Results. Nursing students held fewer cardiac misconceptions than nurses (P = 0·042). There were no statistically significant differences in the numbers of misconceptions between cardiac and general nurses, and no statistically significant associations between level of qualification, years of nursing experience and number of misconceptions. Nurses with higher levels of education were more likely to hold fewer misconceptions (P = 0·24). Patients held statistically significantly more misconceptions about heart problems than nurses (P < 0·001). Conclusion. Nurses who are involved in the care for people with heart disease have a responsibility to assess and dispel people’s misconceptions about their condition, and therefore continuing professional education is required to develop this clinical expertise. Future research should focus on methods of dispelling cardiac misconceptions in both nursing and patient education.