解偶联蛋白1基因多态性与2型糖尿病心脑血管并发症的相关性

目的探讨解偶联蛋白1(UCP1)基因多态性与2型糖尿病(T2DM)心脑血管并发症的相关性。方法选取2019年7月—2020年7月住院治疗的T2DM 440例,根据有无心脑血管并发症分为观察组(T2DM合并心脑血管并发症)221例和对照组(单纯T2DM)219例。比较两组一般资料,UCP1在rs45539933、rs10011540及rs1800592位点的基因型分布与等位基因频率;通过多因素Logistic回归分析评估T2DM发生心脑血管事件的危险因素。结果观察组病程长于对照组,糖化血红蛋白水平高于对照组,而血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平低于对照组(P<0.01)。观察组C/C基因型分布及C碱基频率均高于对照组(P<0.05)。C/C基因型是T2DM患者发生心脑血管并发症的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论UCP1基因多态性与T2DM心脑血管并发症的发生显著相关。     

Stanford A型主动脉夹层术后肾脏功能损伤的危险因素

目的调查分析Stanford A型主动脉夹层术后肾脏功能损伤(AKI)的危险因素,为临床降低肾脏功能损伤并发率对策提供支持。方法收集2017年1月—2019年12月医院心血管外科确诊且顺利行A型主动脉夹层手术的179例患者为研究对象,均由同组外科医师和麻醉医师实施手术,术后进入ICU监测治疗。根据术后早期是否存在AKI,将发生AKI 60例设为病例组,未发生AKI 119例设为对照组。分析发生AKI高危因素。结果经过多因素Logistics回归分析显示,年龄(OR=2.396)、双侧肾脏灌注欠佳(OR=8.725)、BMI值(OR=3.454)、监测膀胱温度(OR=4.180)、CPB时长(OR=2.165)、术中红细胞输注(OR=2.291)均为此类手术患者发生AKI独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论年龄、BMI值、双侧肾脏灌注欠佳、CPB、监测膀胱温度、术中红细胞输注均为影响A型主动脉夹层术后AKI的独立相关因素,临床护士应针对上述分析制定个体化针对方案以降低术后AKI发生风险。     

血小板GPⅡb/Ⅲa 受体抑制剂(A辅剂)在血栓弹力图血小板聚集功能检测中的应用

目的评估以功能性纤维蛋白原(功纤杯)检测结果为标准的血栓弹力图(TEG)血小板聚集功能检测中在巴曲酶杯(A杯)内加入血小板GPⅡb/Ⅲa受体抑制剂(A辅剂)对检测结果的影响。方法从2019年12月~2020年5月在本院神经内科、心内科、综合科和康复科就诊、做TEG血小板聚集功能检测的患者中收集100(人)份全血标本,根据TEG测得的A杯血块强度(MA)值(mm)将血标本分为MA<25组(n=50)和MA≥25组(n=50),2组再各细分为A杯组(各自为n=50)、A辅剂组(在A杯中加入A辅剂)(各自为n=50)、功纤杯组(各自为n=50)3个亚组,各亚组均检测2次;比较各亚组间的血小板二磷酸腺苷(ADP)与花生四烯酸(AA)途径抑制率的线性相关(R2)、血小板抑制率的差异,以及3个亚组间ADP与AA途径药物疗效判读结果的一致性。结果 1)MA<25 mm组,血小板ADP及AA途径抑制率(%)A杯、A辅剂与功纤杯3个亚组分别为32.00±17.44 vs 30.19±17.44 vs 30.07±16.18,24.3±33.53 vs 22.53±30.9 vs 22.37±31.2(均为R2>0.975);2)MA≥25 mm组,血小板ADP及AA途径抑制率(%)A杯、A辅剂与功纤杯3个亚组分别为34.34±33.59 vs 18.45±24.42 vs 18.01±24.33,23.19±39.33 vs 8.48±21.75 vs 8.31±21.7(其中A杯组与A辅剂组比较均为R2<0.8,A辅剂组与功纤杯组均为R2>0.975);3)以功纤杯组检测结果为标准,A杯组与A辅剂组间ADP和AA途径药物疗效判读正确率分别为82%(41/50)vs 100%(50/50)、84%(42/50)vs 100%(50/50)(P<0.05),而A辅剂组与功纤杯组之间2种途径药物疗效判读结果一致(P>0.05)。结论在TEG的血小板聚集功能检测中A杯内添加A辅剂可以有效抑制A杯中非特异激活的血小板,真实反映纤维蛋白原的功能,故提高了其血小板抑制率检测结果的准确性。     

A型肉毒素在皮肤科的应用

A型肉毒素是由肉毒梭状芽胞杆菌在其繁殖过程中产生的细菌外毒素,可抑制神经末梢乙酰胆碱的释放,使肌肉松弛,在整形外科、神经内科、眼科等多个科室均有应用。随着医学实践及科研实验的不断深入,发现A型肉毒素还具有抑制纤维细胞增生、阻止支配汗腺的神经末梢释放乙酰胆碱、阻断相关疼痛介质的释放或传导及抑制炎性神经递质等作用,在防疤、止汗、止痛、抗瘙痒、减少皮脂腺分泌等方面均有一定的疗效。基于此,文章从美容医疗及疾病治疗两方面分析A型肉毒素在皮肤科的应用。     

Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of SCB01A,a Microtubule Inhibitor with Vascular Disrupting Activity,in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors

Lessons Learned

• SCB01A is a novel microtubule inhibitor with vascular disrupting activity.
• This first‐in‐human study demonstrated SCB01A safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary antitumor activity.
• SCB01A is safe and well tolerated in patients with advanced solid malignancies with manageable neurotoxicity.

BackgroundSCB01A, a novel microtubule inhibitor, has vascular disrupting activity.MethodsIn this phase I dose‐escalation and extension study, patients with advanced solid tumors were administered intravenous SCB01A infusions for 3 hours once every 21 days. Rapid titration and a 3 + 3 design escalated the dose from 2 mg/m² to the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) based on dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT). SCB01A‐induced cellular neurotoxicity was evaluated in dorsal root ganglion cells. The primary endpoint was MTD. Safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and tumor response were secondary endpoints.ResultsTreatment‐related adverse events included anemia, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, fever, and peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy. DLTs included grade 4 elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) in the 4 mg/m² cohort; grade 3 gastric hemorrhage in the 6.5 mg/m² cohort; grade 2 thromboembolic event in the 24 mg/m² cohort; and grade 3 peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy, grade 3 elevated aspartate aminotransferase, and grade 3 hypertension in the 32 mg/m² cohort. The MTD was 24 mg/m², and average half‐life was ~2.5 hours. The area under the curve‐dose response relationship was linear. Nineteen subjects were stable after two cycles. The longest treatment lasted 24 cycles. SCB01A‐induced neurotoxicity was reversible in vitro.ConclusionThe MTD of SCB01A was 24 mg/m² every 21 days; it is safe and tolerable in patients with solid tumors.