HIV-1 RNA有效抑制下T淋巴细胞与HAART持续治疗时间的相关性

目的观察HIV-1RNA有效抑制下HAART持续治疗时间与T淋巴细胞的相关性。方法对102例HAART持续治疗时间超过6个月,血浆HIV-1RNA<50个拷贝/mL的AIDS患者进行回顾性研究,采用Spearman秩和相关检验考察HAART持续治疗时间与CD4+,CD3+,CD8+,CD4+CD28+,CD4+CD45RA+,CD4+CD45RO+和CD8+CD38+,CD38+T细胞的相关性。同时根据HAART持续治疗时间将102例AIDS患者分为A(6～12个月)、B(13～24个月)、C(25～36个月)、D(37～52个月)4组,考察4组间T细胞亚群的差别。结果 HIV-1RNA有效抑制下HAART持续治疗时间与CD4+CD28+,CD4+CD45RA+,CD4+CD45RO+T细胞绝对计数呈正相关,相关系数r分别为0.214,0.249,0.259,P值分别为0.007,0.016,0.012。HAART持续治疗时间分别与CD8+CD38+,CD3+,CD8+T细胞表达比例呈负相关,r分别为-0.352,-0.204,-0.236,P值分别为0.000,0.041,0.018;与CD28+细胞绝对计数呈正相关(r=0.204,P=0.042)。CD4+T细胞绝对计数与CD4+CD28+,CD4+CD45RO+T细胞相对计数呈正相关,r分别为0.421,0.241,P值分别为0.000,0.015;与CD8+CD38+T细胞相对计数呈负相关(r=-0.268,P=0.007)。D组的CD4+CD28+T细胞绝对计数显著高于A组(P<0.05);C,D组的CD4+CD45RA+T细胞绝对计数显著高于A组(P<0.05)。D组的CD8+CD38+T细胞相对计数(17±9)显著低于A组(25±8)(P<0.05)。结论 AIDS患者经过HAART治疗病毒复制被抑制后,HAART持续治疗时间与某些T细胞亚群数量有关,HAART持续治疗时间是AIDS患者免疫重建的因素之一。     

Revisiting a role for a mammary tumor retrovirus in human breast cancer

There remains great controversy as to whether mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), the etiological agent of mammary cancer in mice, or a closely related human retrovirus, plays a role in the development of breast cancer in humans. On one hand, retroviruses such as human T‐cell lymphotropic virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are known causative agents of cancer (in the case of HIV, albeit, indirectly), but attempts to associate other retroviruses with human cancers have been difficult. A recent, high profile, example has been the postulated involvement of another mouse virus, xenotropic murine leukemia virus‐related virus, in human prostate cancer, which is now thought to be due to contamination. Here, we review some of the more recent evidence for and against the involvement of MMTV in human breast cancer and suggest future studies that may allow a definitive answer to this conundrum.     

Restoration of anti-tetanus toxoid responses in patients initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy with or without a boost immunization: an INITIO substudy

INITIO is an open-labelled randomized trial evaluating first-line therapeutic strategies for human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection. In an immunology substudy a tetanus toxoid booster (TTB) immunization was planned for 24 weeks after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). All patients had received tetanus toxoid immunization in childhood. Generation of proliferative responses to tetanus toxoid was compared in two groups of patients, those receiving a protease inhibitor (PI)-sparing regimen (n = 21) and those receiving a PI-containing (n = 54) regimen. Fifty-two participants received a TTB immunization [PI-sparing (n = 15), PI-containing (n = 37)] and 23 participants did not [PI-sparing (n = 6) or PI-containing (n = 17)]. Cellular responses to tetanus antigen were monitored by lymphoproliferation at time of immunization and every 24 weeks to week 156. Proportions with a positive response (defined as stimulation index ≥ 3 and Δ counts per minute ≥ 3000) were compared at weeks 96 and 156. All analyses were intent-to-treat. Fifty-two participants had a TTB immunization at median 25 weeks; 23 patients did not. At weeks 96 and 156 there was no evidence of a difference in tetanus-specific responses, between those with or without TTB immunization (P = 0·2, P = 0·4). There was no difference in the proportion with response between those with PI-sparing or PI-containing regimens at both time-points (P = 0·8, P = 0·7). The proliferative response to tetanus toxoid was unaffected by initial HAART regimen. Anti-tetanus responses appear to reconstitute eventually in most patients over 156 weeks when treated successfully with HAART, irrespective of whether or not a TTB immunization has been administered.     

中医药联合高效抗逆转录病毒疗法对艾滋病患者免疫重建作用影响的研究

目的:探讨中医药联合高效抗逆转录病毒疗法(HAART)对艾滋病患者的免疫重建作用.方法:通过对近5a来中医药联合HARRT治疗艾滋病患者及其对患者免疫重建相关研究报道的分析,了解中医药联合HAART对艾滋病患者的免疫重建作用.结果:中医药联合HAART对艾滋病患者具有较好的免疫重建作用,较单纯HAART治疗具有明显的优势.结论:中医药联合HAART对艾滋病患者有免疫重建作用.     

湖南省艾滋病病人抗病毒治疗死亡病例分析

目的探讨影响艾滋病抗病毒治疗病人死亡的主要因素,为降低病人死亡率,提高治疗效果提供参考。方法1 346例艾滋病抗病毒治疗病例信息均来自国家艾滋病综合防治信息系统,用SPSS13.0统计软件进行数据处理,对病例进行生存分析,计算病死率[/（100人.年）],分析可能影响病人死亡率的临床和基线CD4计数等因素。结果从2003年到2008年,共有1 346名艾滋病人接受抗病毒治疗,其中死亡221例,死亡病例中艾滋病相关疾病死亡198例,其他原因死亡23例;总病死率为13.6/[（100人.年）],12个月生存率为14.0%,按病死率[/（100人.年）]计算为19.8;接受治疗前94.9%（188/198）的患者出现过1种临床症状,77.3%（153/198）的病例同时具有2种或2种以上临床症状;基线CD4计数（个/mm3）在〈50,50~200,〉200各组间病死患者生存时间差异有统计学意义,P〈0.05;1年以内病死的与生存1年以上的病例基线CD4计数水平差异也有统计学意义,P〈0.01。结论接受抗病毒治疗患者1年以内的生存率变化最大,病死率与开始治疗时的基线CD4细胞计数水平及病人的一般情况密切相关,加强病人的早期发现和及时治疗,构建社会综合支持网络,才能有效地降低病人死亡率,提高治疗效果。     

昆明地区HIV感染高效抗病毒治疗后基因型耐药分析

目的分析昆明地区抗病毒治疗失败艾滋病患者的耐药突变特征及相关影响因素。方法对2012年间在我院进行艾滋病抗病毒治疗满半年以上,病毒量检测大于1 000拷贝/ml并成功扩增样本的63例患者,进行血清的基因型耐药检测,对所得到的HIV-1耐药基因突变情况与患者的性别、感染途径、治疗前CD+4T淋区细胞的计数,抗病毒治疗时间等因素,进行统计学分析。结果其检测出耐药突变33例,占52.3%(33/63)。其中32例对核苷类及非核苷类药物耐药(50%),1例对蛋白抑制剂耐药(1.5%),7例对所有核苷类及非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂耐药,1例对所有核苷类,非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂及蛋白酶抑制剂耐药,6例出现对蛋白酶抑制剂的其他耐药突变。治疗前CD4+T淋巴细胞计数200个/μl患者的耐药发生率大于CD4+T淋巴细胞计数200个/μl的患者,其差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。治疗时间12个月的患者耐药发生率低于治疗12月的患者,其差异有统计学意义(P=0.01)。结论昆明地区抗病毒治疗后产生耐药的艾滋病患者中有20%同时出现对核苷类及非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂的耐药,这部分患者将面临三线药物的使用问题,应该考虑启用三线药物。早治疗和治疗后的耐药监测是治疗成功的关键。     

艾滋病中医药治疗及其相关问题研究进展

艾滋病（acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS）严重危及人类生命健康,而西药治疗AIDS采用的高效抗逆转录病毒治疗法（HAART）疗效有限。AIDS的中医药治疗方案可分为4类：单味中药及其有效成分,其研究重点主要为抗艾滋病毒和免疫调节两方面;中药复方;针灸疗法;中西药联合应用治疗,其中中药可起到减毒增效的效果。在中医药治疗AIDS的过程中,疗效评估和患者依从性的相关问题需要被着重考虑。中医药治疗AIDS已经表现出了个体化治疗、价格低廉、毒副作用小等诸多优势,但也存在着缺少中医诊断标准体系、缺少治疗实施方案和临床治疗过程的检测及质量控制等主要问题。通过大力开展对中医药各个领域的研究及其有效成分的提取,进而发现新的有价值的药剂或拓宽设计、合成药物的视野和思路,中医药疗法将在AIDS的治疗中发挥日益重要的作用。     

高效抗逆转录病毒疗法治疗HIV感染和艾滋病患者的观察

目的观察高效抗逆转录病毒疗法(HAART)治疗HIV感染和艾滋病(AIDS)患者的疗效和副作用。方法8例HIV感染和AIDS患者CD4+T细胞计数基线水平范围为1×106/L~443×106/L,均值231×106/L,HIV鄄1病毒载量为3.66log~>5.70log拷贝/mL。接受茚地那韦(indinavir)加双汰芝(combivir,含齐多夫定和拉米夫定)治疗12个月,每月用流式细胞仪MultiSET绝对计数法检测患者CD4+T细胞水平,bDNA法(检测范围1.70log~5.70logRNA拷贝/mL)检测血浆HIV鄄1病毒载量1次,并对患者进行严密的临床观察。结果治疗后12个月CD4+T细胞计数平均升高267×106/L(P<0.01)。病毒载量于治疗后1~4个月全部降至可测水平(1.70log拷贝/mL)以下,平均下降2.13log拷贝/mL。1例患者有过1次因漏服药物所致的小幅度且短暂的病毒载量反弹,其他患者的病毒载量均维持在可测水平之下或仅在可测的水平。1例晚期艾滋病患者(CD4+T细胞基线水平为1×106/L)的卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎和皮肤真菌感染消失,临床症状明显改善,恢复正常工作。其他患者也见临床好转。药物副作用有:8例患者中有早期胃肠道反应6例,一过性白细胞减少3例,轻度贫血2例,血淀粉酶升高2例,血总胆红素升高4例,血糖升高1例。无药物相关的心、肝、肾功能损害,亦无肾结石和胰腺炎的表现。结论茚地那韦加双汰芝的规     

Progressive symptoms and signs following institution of highly active antiretroviral therapy and subsequent antituberculosis therapy: immune reconstitution syndrome or infection?

A 36 year old man presented with weight loss, cough, fever, and exertional dyspnoea shortly after a diagnosis of HIV infection. Symptoms and initial radiological abnormalities worsened after highly active antiretroviral therapy was started. An eventual diagnosis was established but multiple problems occurred throughout the treatment period. Differentiation between immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and an infective cause was problematic.