Convergent Validity and Responsiveness of the SULCS

Objective

To evaluate the convergent validity and responsiveness of the Stroke Upper Limb Capacity Scale (SULCS) in comparison to the Arm Motor Ability Test (AMAT), the Box and Blocks Test (BBT), and the upper limb Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA). The SULCS is a relatively new measure that was designed to be easier to score and less time consuming than some existing measures.

高危脑瘫婴幼儿早期康复的疗效与价值

目的　观察高危脑瘫婴幼儿早期康复治疗的疗效 ,探讨早期康复对高危脑瘫婴幼儿预后的影响和价值。方法　经儿科医生用小儿智能发育筛查表查出的高危脑瘫婴幼儿 ,由康复医学科医生用贝利儿童发育量表对其粗大运动、精细运动、自理、认知、社交、语言等方面进行评估。将有相应功能障碍的 2 0 9名高危脑瘫婴幼儿分成 2组 :康复组 14 7名 ,对照组 62名。康复组接受神经营养药、高压氧和康复训练 ,并依发育落后的情况采取不同的康复训练方案 ;对照组接受神经营养药和高压氧治疗 ,无康复训练。用贝利婴幼儿发育量表在康复治疗前后、1.5～ 2岁时跟踪评测疗效 ,判断预后。结果　康复组治疗前、后差异非常显著 (P <0 .0 1) ,尤其是粗大运动的差异极显著 (P <0 .0 0 1)。经 3个以上疗程治疗后 ,2组在运动方面差异有非常显著性(P <0 .0 1) ,康复组疗效明显优于对照组 ,但在自理、认知、社交、语言方面 2组差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。在1.5～ 2岁跟踪评测时 2组发育迟缓人数差异有非常显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ,康复组明显低于对照组 ,但脑瘫发生率 2组差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　婴幼儿时期是脑发育最迅速的时期 ,也是脑细胞的生理功能成熟和完善时期。对高危脑瘫婴幼儿进行早期康复干预 ,可促进大脑发育、发展     

Preoperative Management of Surgical Patients Using Dietary Supplements: Society for Perioperative Assessment and Quality Improvement (SPAQI) Consensus Statement

The widespread use of complementary products poses a challenge to clinicians in the perioperative period and may increase perioperative risk. Because dietary supplements are regulated differently from traditional pharmaceuticals and guidance is often lacking, the Society for Perioperative Assessment and Quality Improvement convened a group of experts to review available literature and create a set of consensus recommendations for the perioperative management of these supplements. Using a modified Delphi method, the authors developed recommendations for perioperative management of 83 dietary supplements. We have made our recommendations to discontinue or continue a dietary supplement based on the principle that without a demonstrated benefit, or with a demonstrated lack of harm, there is little downside in temporarily discontinuing an herbal supplement before surgery. Discussion with patients in the preoperative visit is a crucial time to educate patients as well as gather vital information. Patients should be specifically asked about use of dietary supplements and cannabinoids, as many will not volunteer this information. The preoperative clinic visit provides the best opportunity to educate patients about the perioperative management of various supplements as this visit is typically scheduled at least 2 weeks before the planned procedure.     

护士长任期目标责任制考核模式的相关研究

目的:建立竞争机制,破除“护士长终身制”,实现以“优胜劣汰”为原则的能级管理。方法:制定考核指标及权重,确定考核形式及周期。结果:通过3次考核的实施,逐步建立并完善护士长任期目标责任考核模式。结论:经实践证明,此考核模式比较实用, 具有公正、公平、公开的优点。     

Challenges of mucositis assessment in children: Expert opinion

Mucositis is a challenging treatment-related complication in children receiving therapy for cancer. The conduct of clinical trials that investigate mucositis prevention and treatment requires adequate evaluation of the oral cavity. However, few instruments to measure mucositis in children have been appropriately developed or evaluated. A focus group of nine health care professionals with expertise in mucositis assessment, oral assessment in children and paediatric cancer aimed to determine the challenges and possible solutions to mucositis assessment in children. The results led to the identification of several areas of concern that included: (1) challenges in oral assessment in children related to age and cooperation, (2) the need for proxy responses while recognizing the challenges of reporting pain and function attributed to oral mucositis, (3) the need for an instrument that is simple, quick to complete, and easy to use in almost all children and (4) educational considerations. The results provide a basis from which guidelines for the oral assessment of mucositis in children can begin. This information could be used to aid in the development of a new scale for the assessment of oral mucositis in children.     

应用平衡功能检测训练系统改善脑卒中患者平衡功能的疗效观察

目的 观察应用PH—A型平衡功能检测训练系统对脑卒中偏瘫患者进行平衡功能训练的疗效。方法 将108例脑卒中偏瘫患者分为治疗组（68例）和对照组（40例）。对照组给予常规药物治疗和物理因子治疗，治疗组在常规治疗的基础上同时应用PH—A型平衡功能检测训练系统对患者进行平衡功能训练，2组患者在治疗前、后分别应用该系统检测和Berg平衡功能评定表（BBS）进行评定。平衡检测分别在坐位、双足站立位（睁眼和闭眼状态下）进行，取摆幅指数、重心分布区域、摆动的轨迹长、外周面积4个指标进行分析。结果 2组患者治疗后BBS评定和平衡检测均有明显改善，其中治疗组的坐位分布区域好转，但无统计学意义（P〉0．05），BBS评定和平衡检测站立位各指标均有显著好转（P〈0．001）；治疗后2组比较差异有统计学意义（P（0、05～P〈0、01），治疗组临床疗效明显优于对照组。结论 运用PH—A型平衡功能检测训练系统对偏瘫患者进行平衡功能训练，可以显著提高患者的站立平衡功能。     

A Comparative Study of Treatment Interventions for Patellar Tendinopathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

ObjectivesTo determine the additional effect of dry needling (DN) or percutaneous needle electrolysis (PNE) combined with eccentric exercise (EE) and determine which is the most effective for patients with patellar tendinopathy (PT).DesignBlinded, randomized controlled trial, with follow-up at 10 and 22 weeks.SettingsRecruitment was performed in sport clubs. Diagnosis and intervention were conducted at San Jorge University.ParticipantsPatients (N=48) with PT with pain for at least 3 months between the ages of 18 and 45 years.InterventionsThree interventions were carried out: DN and EE, PNE and EE, and EE with sham needle as the control group.Main Outcome MeasuresDisability was measured using the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment Questionnaire, patellar tendon. Visual analog scale was used to measure pain over time, the Short Form-36 was used to measure quality of life, and ultrasound was used to measure structural abnormalities.ResultsA total of 48 participants (42 men, 6 women; average age, 32.46y; SD, 7.14y) were enrolled. The improvement in disability and pain in each group between baseline and post-treatment and baseline and follow-up was significant (P≤.05), without differences among groups.ConclusionDN or PNE combined with an EE program has not shown to be more effective than a program of only EE to improve disability and pain in patients with PT in the short (10wk) and medium (22wk) terms. Clinical improvements were not associated with structural changes in the tendon.     

Parent perceptions of adolescent pain expression: the adolescent pain behavior questionnaire

Pain behaviors provide meaningful information about adolescents in chronic pain, enhancing their verbal report of pain intensity with information about the global pain experience. Caregivers likely consider these expressions when making judgments about their adolescents’ medical or emotional needs. Current validated measures of pain behavior target acute or procedural pain and young or non-verbal children, while observation systems may be too cumbersome for clinical practice. The objective of this research was to design and evaluate the Adolescent Pain Behavior Questionnaire (APBQ), a parent-report measure of adolescent (11-19 years) pain expressions. This paper provides preliminary results on reliability and validity of the APBQ. Parent-adolescent dyads (N = 138) seen in a multidisciplinary pain management clinic completed the APBQ and questionnaires assessing pain characteristics, quality of life, functional disability, depressive symptoms, and pain catastrophizing. Principal components analysis of the APBQ supported a single component structure. The final APBQ scale contained 23 items with high internal consistency (α = 0.93). No relationship was found between parent-reported pain behaviors and adolescent-reported pain intensity. However, significant correlations were found between parent-reported pain behaviors and parent- and adolescent-reported functional disability, pain catastrophizing, depressive symptoms, and poorer quality of life. The assessment of pain behaviors provides qualitatively different information than solely recording pain intensity and disability. It has clinical utility for use in behavioral treatments seeking to reduce disability, poor coping, and distress.     

改良SPES量表对帕金森病评价的信度和效度研究

目的改良SPES量表是一个新的评价帕金森病实用方法，本文对改良SPES评价结果作信度和效度研究。方法60例帕金森病患者同时使用改良SPES，UPDRS和H＆Y指数进行评定，以后两种量表对改良SPES的有效性进行相关分析。筛选出无“开．关”现象的30例使用改良SPES和UPDRS先后评定2次，以评估其内部重复性。结果改良SPES与UPDRS各对应亚项的内部相关系数一致。能反映疾病的严重程度，有效性强。且改良SPES的评价时间明显短于UPDRS（P〈0．001）。结论改良SPES是一个简短的、可信的、有效的评价方法，值得充分应用。     

Comfort and stability of wheelchair backrests according to the TAWC (tool for assessing wheelchair discomfort)

Purpose: The goal of this study was thus to determine if people with different types of wheelchair backrests on their personal wheelchairs reported different levels of comfort as measured by the Tool for Assessing Wheelchair disComfort (TAWC). Methods: Participants were between 18 and 80 years of age and were manual wheelchair users. The TAWC was used to assess the participants’ wheelchair seating discomfort levels with the wheelchair and seating systems. Results: We surveyed 131 wheelchair users to assess the comfort of their backrests on their personal wheelchairs and found a trend suggesting that rigid backrests are were less comfortable as compared with sling backrests. This finding was statistically significant in a subgroup of participants with tetraplegia. Conclusions: Although many clinicians expect rigid backrests to be more comfortable because they may provide more support, the higher discomfort ratings among rigid backrest users with tetraplegia may be due to sub-optimal shape, fit, adjustment or user preferences.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• Development of a measure for long-term seating discomfort is needed.

• Design and development of better rigid backrests that are functional but provide adequate comfort are in need.