2019年重庆市30岁及以上人群归因于被动吸烟的肺癌疾病负担研究

目的 分析重庆市肺癌发病死亡和疾病负担归因于被动吸烟的情况,为开展肺癌防治提供建议。 方法 肺癌死亡个案数据来源于2019年重庆市肿瘤登记报告系统,被动吸烟率来自2013年重庆市慢性病及危险因素监测。计算人群归因危险度百分比(population attributable risk percent, PAR%)、被动吸烟导致的肺癌发病、死亡和疾病负担。采用Excel 2010与SPSS 25.0进行统计分析,率的比较采用χ²检验。 结果 2013年30岁及以上成年人被动吸烟率为52.37%。2019年重庆市30岁及以上人群肺癌发病率与标化发病率分别为118.44/10万与80.83/10万,死亡率与标化死亡率分别为96.51/10万、63.58/10万。肺癌发病率和死亡率归因于被动吸烟的PAR%分别为19.76和19.04,归因发病率与归因标化发病率分别为23.41/10万和16.34/10万,归因死亡率与归因标化死亡率分别为18.38/10万和12.40/10万。2019年重庆市30岁及以上肺癌早死所致寿命损失年率(years of life lost,YLL)、残疾所致寿命损失年率(years lived with disability,YLD)、调整伤残寿命损失年率(disability adjusted life year,DALY)分别为21.16‰、0.31‰、21.47‰,YLL率、YLD率、DALY率归因于被动吸烟的PAR%分别为21.16、19.76和20.49,归因YLL率为4.34‰,归因YLD率为0.06‰,归因DALY率为4.40‰。 结论 2019年重庆市30岁及以上人群肺癌发病率、死亡率、YLL率、DALY率高,被动吸烟率高,肺癌归因于被动吸烟的疾病负担重,应加强落实控烟工作。     

基于全球视角的中国骨关节炎疾病负担分析

目的 掌握我国30岁以上人群骨关节炎的疾病负担现状与趋势，发现重点人群，为制定骨关节炎综合防制策略提供科学依据。方法 利用全球疾病负担数据库2019（GBD 2019），对中国30岁以上人群按照性别、年龄分组描述骨关节炎的发病率、患病率、伤残损失健康生命年（Years lived with disability, YLD），并与全球和日本、印度进行比较，分析1990—2019年骨关节炎的疾病负担与其变化趋势。作图使用GraphPad Prism 8软件。结果 2019年，中国骨关节炎患病人数约1.33亿，所致YLD约472.49万人年，占中国全因YLD的3.07%，占全球骨关节炎导致YLD的24.93%；其发病率高峰在50～54岁年龄组，各年龄段女性发病率均约为男性的1.5倍。1990—2019年，中国骨关节炎发病率、患病率、YLD率均呈逐年上升趋势，2019年依次为750.96/10万、9337.15/10万、224.78/10万，较1990年分别增加93.62%、113.53%、116.13%，均远超同期日本、印度及全球的增幅；年龄标准化后的以上指标显示，中国骨关节炎疾病负担低于日本、高于印度、接近全球平均水平。结论 随着人口老龄化程度的加深，1990—2019年我国30岁以上人群骨关节炎疾病负担越来越重，一级预防重点人群为35岁以下和未患病人群，尤其是女性，可见制定科学有效的骨关节炎综合防制方案已迫在眉睫。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

HGF过表达对慢阻肺小鼠肺功能、肺动脉压力的影响及其作用机制

目的探讨肝细胞生长因子(HGF)过表达对慢性阻塞性肺疾病小鼠肺功能、肺动脉压力的影响及相关机制。方法取30只小鼠建立慢阻肺模型,随机分为模型组、HGF组、HGF+PI3K抑制剂LY294002组,各10只,另取10只小鼠设为对照组。各组小鼠给予相应处理后,采用实验仪器检测肺功能和肺动脉压力指标,ELISA法检测肺组织爱帕琳肽(Apelin)水平,RT-PCR检测肺组织HGF mRNA表达量,Western blot检测肺组织相关蛋白表达量,TUNEL法检测肺组织细胞凋亡。结果与对照组比较,模型组小鼠mPAP水平升高,TV、PEF、PIF、FEV0.3、FEV0.3/FVC、Apelin水平降低,肺组织HGF mRNA和蛋白表达量降低,Caspase-3表达量和细胞凋亡率升高,Bcl-2表达量、p-PI3K/PI3K和p-Akt/Akt比值降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。HGF过表达可显著逆转模型组上述指标水平,LY294002显著抑制HGF过表达对慢阻肺小鼠的作用效果。结论HGF可通过增加Apelin水平、抑制细胞凋亡改善慢阻肺小鼠肺功能和肺动脉压力,其作用机制可能与PI3K/Akt信号通路的激活相关。     

认知重构干预对急性心肌梗死介入手术患者不良情绪及疾病感知的影响

目的探讨认知重构干预对急性心肌梗死(AMI)介入手术患者不良情绪及疾病感知的影响。方法72例AMI介入手术患者随机分为两组各36例,对照组给予常规护理干预,研究组在对照组基础上给予认知重构干预,比较两组的不良情绪、疾病感知以及治疗依从性。结果干预后,研究组的HAMA、HAMD评分均低于对照组,疾病感知各项评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组的治疗依从性为94.44%,高于对照组的75.00%(P<0.05)。结论认知重构干预对急性心肌梗死介入手术患者的不良情绪及疾病感知均有积极的影响,可提升患者的治疗依从性。