经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

认知重构干预对急性心肌梗死介入手术患者不良情绪及疾病感知的影响

目的探讨认知重构干预对急性心肌梗死(AMI)介入手术患者不良情绪及疾病感知的影响。方法72例AMI介入手术患者随机分为两组各36例,对照组给予常规护理干预,研究组在对照组基础上给予认知重构干预,比较两组的不良情绪、疾病感知以及治疗依从性。结果干预后,研究组的HAMA、HAMD评分均低于对照组,疾病感知各项评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组的治疗依从性为94.44%,高于对照组的75.00%(P<0.05)。结论认知重构干预对急性心肌梗死介入手术患者的不良情绪及疾病感知均有积极的影响,可提升患者的治疗依从性。     

不同高嵌体材料修复大面积后牙缺损效果评价

目的探讨不同高嵌体材料修复大面积后牙缺损的效果。方法选取自2016年1月至2017年3月收治的63例(92颗)大面积后牙缺损患者为研究对象。所有患者均采用高嵌体材料修复,根据修复材料分为金合金组(n=23,31颗),Ceramage瓷树脂组(n=19,30颗),IPS e.max.CAD瓷组(n=21,31颗)。患者修复后均定期随访,采用美国公众健康服务(USPHS)标准评价各组修复后24个月效果,并检测牙龈状况和咀嚼功能。结果各组患者完整性成功率、边缘密合度成功率、邻接关系成功率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各组患者对颌牙胎面磨损成功率、边缘染色成功率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Ceramage树脂组、IPS e.max.CAD瓷组修复体颜色成功率高于金合金组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各组患者牙龈指数、菌斑指数、出血指数、咀嚼效率、咬合力比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论金合金、Ceramage聚合瓷树脂、IPS e.max.CAD瓷高嵌体修复大面积后牙缺损均可取得较好的修复效果,但不同的材料有不同的适应人群,应根据患者需求进行选择。     

微小RNA-302b在急性心肌梗死患者血清中的表达及临床意义

目的检测微小RNA-302b(miR-302b)在急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者血清中的表达,并探讨其与心肌损伤的关系。方法选取2016年陕西省第四人民医院72例AMI患者为AMI组,采用随机数字表法选取同期体检的48名健康人作为对照组。两组均通过实时荧光定量PCR法检测血清miR-302b含量(AMI组患者在临床确诊后12 h内检测),spearman法分析血清miR-302b表达与心肌酶谱的相关性。结果 miR-302b在AMI组患者血清中的相对表达量显著高于对照组(3.14±0.76比1.13±0.22,t=17.706,P<0.001);AMI患者的血清miR-302b相对表达量与天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(r=0.428,P=0.017)、乳酸脱氢酶(r=0.519,P=0.045)、肌酸激酶同工酶(r=0.718,P=0.003)和心肌肌钙蛋白I(r=0.772,P<0.001)呈正相关。ROC曲线分析示miR-302b诊断AMI的敏感度为88.6%、特异度为64.3%。结论 miR-302b在AMI患者血清中呈高表达,并与心肌损伤相关。     

免疫介导坏死性肌病发病机制及诊治分析

目的 探讨免疫介导坏死性肌病的发病机制与临床诊治思路。方法 选取我院肾内科2016年3月收治的1例经肌活检证实为免疫介导坏死性肌病的女性肾病综合征患者，给予糖皮质激素治疗，同时积极控制其肾病综合征，并对其住院诊治过程及门诊随访结果进行分析。结果 糖皮质激素治疗后，肌病迅速得到缓解。随访22个月，肾病在泼尼松联合免疫抑制剂治疗半年，小剂量激素维持半年后得到临床缓解，停药后肾病稳定，随访期间肌病未再复发。结论 免疫介导坏死性肌病为免疫介导的肌病，骨骼肌活检是确诊的主要手段，该病对糖皮质激素治疗的反应良好。但在治疗过程中应重视可能引起免疫紊乱的共病治疗。