免疫增强型肠内营养治疗脓毒性休克合并急性胃肠损伤的临床疗效

目的 探讨免疫增强型肠内营养治疗脓毒性休克合并急性胃肠损伤(AGI)的临床疗效。方法 选择南通市妇幼保健院重症医学科2019年12月-2020年12月脓毒性休克患者64例为研究对象，随机分为研究组和对照组各32例。研究组使用免疫增强型肠内营养制剂给予肠内营养，对照组使用普通型肠内营养制剂给予肠内营养。比较两组治疗7 d后AGI改善情况、统计重症监护室(ICU)住院时间、抗感染治疗时间和机械通气时间。抽取外周血并分离血清，检测治疗前后肠屏障功能指标[D-乳酸和内毒素(ET)]以及核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体3(NLRP3)通路因子[NLRP3、Casepase-1和白细胞介素-1B(IL-1B)]水平。结果 研究组AGI总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);研究组患者ICU住院时间、抗感染治疗时间和机械通气时间短于对照组(P<0.05),但两组28 d死亡例数比较，无统计学差异；治疗前两组血清中D-乳酸、ET、NLRP3、Casepase-1和IL-1B水平比较，无统计学差异；治疗后两组血清中D-乳酸、ET、NLRP3、Casepase-1和IL-1B水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.05);治疗后研究组血清中D-乳酸、ET、NLRP3、Casepase-1和IL-1B水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 免疫增强型肠内营养可显著改善脓毒性休克的AGI状态，在一定程度上恢复肠黏膜屏障功能，并降低NLRP3/Casepase-1/IL-1B介导的过度炎症损伤。     

探究布地奈德雾化吸入辅助治疗小儿肺炎的临床效果

目的观察小儿肺炎采取布地奈德雾化吸入辅助治疗的疗效。方法 100例肺炎患儿,经电脑随机法分为观察组与对照组,各50例。对照组采取常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上采取布地奈德雾化吸入辅助治疗。对比两组治疗效果、各项临床指标、不良反应发生率。结果观察组治疗总有效率96.00%高于对照组的82.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组哮鸣音消失时间、湿啰音消失时间、咳嗽消失时间及住院时间分别为(5.24±0.73)、(4.30±0.69)、(5.41±0.65)、(6.39±0.46)d,均短于对照组的(7.10±1.02)、(7.98±0.87)、(8.13±1.17)、(12.54±1.17)d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率为2.00%,低于对照组的18.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论小儿肺炎采取布地奈德雾化吸入辅助治疗,能够改善患儿不良症状,缩短患儿住院时间,提升治疗有效率,加快咳嗽、哮鸣音、湿啰音恢复速度,值得临床实践。     

卵巢粒层细胞瘤的遗传学机制和研究进展

卵巢粒层细胞瘤(GCT)对身体健康的影响较大,甚至导致女性不孕,GCT在卵巢肿瘤中占比较低,最高可达5%[1]。本病根据患者年龄可分为成年型和幼年型,已知病因包括血清中相关激素变化、环境及饮食等因素[2],但仍有很多致病因素有待进一步探索。在相关报道[3]中提到,遗传学机制可能与GCT的发生、发展有关,但目前已知的遗传学基因、分子较少,还有待探索。早诊断、早治疗是控制患者病情的关键,因此本研究对GCT患者的遗传学机制、病理及治疗等研究进展进行如下分析。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

血清白细胞介素-10水平在急性胰腺炎诊断及治疗中的应用

目的探究血清白细胞介素-10(IL-10)水平在急性胰腺炎(AP)诊断及治疗中的应用。方法选取2019年1月至2021年6月黄山市人民医院消化科收治的AP患者101例,分为轻症AP组(45例)、中症AP(33例)及重症AP组(23例),另选取同期健康体检者42例为对照组。比较各组血清IL-10水平及入院后的血清IL-10水平的变化,以ROC曲线分析血清IL-10对急性胰腺炎的诊断价值。结果四组血清IL-10水平比较:对照组<重症AP组<中症AP组<轻症AP组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Person相关性显示,血清IL-10与IL-6、TNF-α、APACHE Ⅱ评分、Ranson评分均呈负相关(r=-0.434、-0.624、-0.462、-0.533,P<0.05)。ROC曲线结果显示,血清IL-10预测轻症AP、中症AP、重症AP的AUC分别为0.766、0.795、0.946。另入院时及治疗3d,轻症AP患者的血清IL-10均显著高于中症及重症AP患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而治疗5 d及7 d,三组患者的血清IL-10比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论血清IL-10在评估AP早期炎症反应、病情严重程度及治疗等方面均具有一定的价值。     

主编寄语

王成林|主编对罕见病、少见病的认识、诊断与治疗,是衡量一个专家或医院实际水平的重要指标。韩金祥|名誉主编百尺竿头,更进一步!祝愿《罕少疾病杂志》在新时代为罕见病防治做出新的更大贡献!杨艳玲|名誉主编祝《罕少疾病杂志》不断刷新,助力罕见病全生命周期医学管理,提升三级防控。