卵巢粒层细胞瘤的遗传学机制和研究进展

卵巢粒层细胞瘤(GCT)对身体健康的影响较大,甚至导致女性不孕,GCT在卵巢肿瘤中占比较低,最高可达5%[1]。本病根据患者年龄可分为成年型和幼年型,已知病因包括血清中相关激素变化、环境及饮食等因素[2],但仍有很多致病因素有待进一步探索。在相关报道[3]中提到,遗传学机制可能与GCT的发生、发展有关,但目前已知的遗传学基因、分子较少,还有待探索。早诊断、早治疗是控制患者病情的关键,因此本研究对GCT患者的遗传学机制、病理及治疗等研究进展进行如下分析。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

血清白细胞介素-10水平在急性胰腺炎诊断及治疗中的应用

目的探究血清白细胞介素-10(IL-10)水平在急性胰腺炎(AP)诊断及治疗中的应用。方法选取2019年1月至2021年6月黄山市人民医院消化科收治的AP患者101例,分为轻症AP组(45例)、中症AP(33例)及重症AP组(23例),另选取同期健康体检者42例为对照组。比较各组血清IL-10水平及入院后的血清IL-10水平的变化,以ROC曲线分析血清IL-10对急性胰腺炎的诊断价值。结果四组血清IL-10水平比较:对照组<重症AP组<中症AP组<轻症AP组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Person相关性显示,血清IL-10与IL-6、TNF-α、APACHE Ⅱ评分、Ranson评分均呈负相关(r=-0.434、-0.624、-0.462、-0.533,P<0.05)。ROC曲线结果显示,血清IL-10预测轻症AP、中症AP、重症AP的AUC分别为0.766、0.795、0.946。另入院时及治疗3d,轻症AP患者的血清IL-10均显著高于中症及重症AP患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而治疗5 d及7 d,三组患者的血清IL-10比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论血清IL-10在评估AP早期炎症反应、病情严重程度及治疗等方面均具有一定的价值。     

主编寄语

王成林|主编对罕见病、少见病的认识、诊断与治疗,是衡量一个专家或医院实际水平的重要指标。韩金祥|名誉主编百尺竿头,更进一步!祝愿《罕少疾病杂志》在新时代为罕见病防治做出新的更大贡献!杨艳玲|名誉主编祝《罕少疾病杂志》不断刷新,助力罕见病全生命周期医学管理,提升三级防控。     

《针灸大成》关于气海穴临床应用的文献研究

目的:通过检索《针灸大成》中与气海穴治疗作用相关的文献条文,总结气海穴在治疗各系统疾病中运用频次较高的疾病及其配穴规律,为临床针灸对气海穴的使用提供理论支持。方法:以《中华医典》(第五版)中《针灸大成》作为文献检索来源,将气海穴及气海穴的别称“脖胦”“下肓”“丹田”“肓之原”“肓原”“下言”和“气泽”为检索词,用计算机检索工具及人工检索相结合的方法检索符合要求的文献条文,通过建立本研究的数据库,频次分析、条形统计图比较分析等方法,总结出气海穴在治疗各系统疾病中的运用频次及其配穴规律。结果:在《针灸大成》所涉及的条文中,气海穴尤善治疗内科疾病,在治疗内科疾病中排名前3位的是脾胃系病症、气血津液疾病、肾系病症和妇科疾病,气海穴配穴习惯为上下配穴法,同名经配穴法,以及前后配穴法,其中主要为前后配穴法和同名经配穴法。结论:气海穴《针灸大成》中单穴应用占比最高,而在气海穴众多配穴中,运用了本经配穴法、上下配穴法、前后配穴法,配穴归经主要来自任脉和足太阳膀胱经。同名经配穴法,同气相求,可增加疗效;与气海穴配伍较多的足太阳膀胱经以背腧穴为主,此为前后配穴法,亦称腹背阴阳配穴法,腹部为阴,腰背为阳,前后配穴法可起到“从阳引阴”亦可“从阴引阳”的作用,以达到调节阴阳,调和脏法,调畅经络的目的。     

辅助牵引在胃内镜黏膜下剥离术中的研究现状

内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)是治疗胃黏膜和黏膜下病变的有效方法。然而, 由于ESD操作中视野有限, 对医师的技术要求高, 且存在手术时间长, 以及易并发术中穿孔、出血等问题, 无法达到最佳疗效, 从而导致其临床应用受到一定限制。近年来, 辅助牵引技术的发展极大改善了ESD的治疗效果。本文总结并讨论了目前临床常用的ESD辅助牵引方法在胃部病变中的应用情况。     

《欧洲内分泌学会临床实践指南：妊娠期功能性和无功能性垂体腺瘤》指南解读

垂体腺瘤（PA）通常引起性腺轴的损害，导致女性患者的生育能力下降。妊娠可使垂体增大，而性腺轴的激素分泌也随之发生相应改变。因此，对患有PA的妊娠妇女的规范化管理显得尤为重要。2021年8月，欧洲内分泌学会（ESE）发布了关于妊娠期功能性和无功能性PA的临床指南，该指南从腺瘤的大小、位置和有无内分泌功能方面，描述了从妊娠前到分娩后诊断、治疗的时机和选择。本文在ESE指南的基础上，对该指南进行了解读，总结了该指南的要点，以期结合中国的临床经验及患者特点，为临床医师管理此类患者提供具有实践意义的指导意见。