林胜友主任中医师治疗化疗相关性呕吐经验

[目的]分析讨论林胜友主任中医师治疗化疗相关性呕吐的临证经验。[方法]通过跟师学习,归纳整理病案,结合林师平日指导,分析化疗相关性呕吐的病因病机,总结林师治疗该疾病的临床经验,并附验案加以佐证。[结果]林师认为化疗相关性呕吐的病因病机为中焦土虚,胃气失和;腑实不通,浊气犯胃;肝胆不利,气机失转,治疗上主要从健脾土、通肠腑、畅气机着手。所举验案,患者辨证为脾虚腑实,兼有肝郁,采取健脾通腑,辅以疏肝解郁治疗化疗相关性呕吐,疗效明显,顺利帮助患者度过化疗阶段。[结论]林师治疗化疗相关性呕吐采用健脾、通腑、疏肝治法,通补并用,可以取得较好的疗效。     

半夏厚朴汤对顺铂所致水貂呕吐模型的作用及机制研究

目的 探讨半夏厚朴汤（BXHPT）对顺铂所致水貂呕吐模型的治疗作用以及对P物质（SP）/NK1R信号的影响。方法 36只水貂随机分为正常对照组,模型组,昂丹司琼组,BXHPT低、中、高剂量组（200、400、800 mg/kg）,各组分别给予相应的药物连续7 d,后采用顺铂腹腔注射构建呕吐模型,测定水貂的干呕和呕吐次数,ELISA法检测水貂大脑最后区SP的含量,Western blot法测定大脑最后区NK1R、p-ERK1/2、ERK1/2的蛋白水平。结果 模型组水貂干呕、呕吐次数,大脑最后区SP水平,NK1R,p-ERK1/2蛋白水平均明显高于正常对照组（P<0.05）。而BXHPT组水貂干呕、呕吐次数,大脑最后区SP水平,NK1R,p-ERK1/2蛋白水平均明显低于模型组（P<0.05）。结论 BXHPT可以治疗顺铂导致的水貂的呕吐,其机制可能与降低水貂大脑最后区SP/NK1R信号活化有关。      

托烷司琼联合地塞米松预防小儿脑瘫术后曲马多镇痛恶心呕吐的临床观察

目的研究托烷司琼联合地塞米松用于预防小儿脑瘫术后曲马多PCIA镇痛恶心呕吐的临床效果。方法选择60例小儿脑瘫II期手术术后接受曲马多PCIA镇痛的患儿,随机分为三组。镇痛泵中曲马多用量均为15mg/kg。I组病人在手术时静注生理盐水2ml,泵中加入生理盐水至100ml。II组病人手术结束时静注托烷司琼0.1mg/kg,泵中加入托烷司琼0.1mg/kg,并稀释至100ml。III组病人麻醉诱导时静注地塞米松0.2mg/kg,手术结束时静注托烷司琼0.05mg/kg,泵中加入托烷司琼0.1mg/kg,并稀释至100ml。比较各组患儿术后24h恶心呕吐的发生率。结果 II、III组恶心呕吐发生率明显低于I组(P<0.01).II、III组的发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论托烷司琼联合地塞米松可有效预防曲马多PCIA镇痛的恶心呕吐,且可提高疗效,减少单一药物的用量。     

昂丹司琼联合地塞米松预防妇科腹腔镜术后恶心呕吐的Meta分析

目的：评价昂丹司琼联合地塞米松预防妇科腹腔镜术后恶心呕吐（PONV）的效果。方法：检索PubMed、CNKI和万方数据库,收集昂丹司琼联合地塞米松预防妇科腹腔镜手术PONV的随机对照试验（RCT）文献。试验组干预措施为常规麻醉方法加昂丹司琼与地塞米松,对照组干预措施为常规麻醉方法加或不加生理盐水。采用RevMan5.1软件进行Meta分析,评价昂丹司琼联合地塞米松预防妇科腹腔镜手术PONV的效果。结果：共纳入6篇RCT文献,涉及试验组176例、对照组191例。Meta分析结果显示,试验组在预防妇科腹腔镜手术PONV的效果优于对照组。恶心、呕吐及PNOV合并效应的比值比（OR）与95%置信区间（95%CI）分别为0.14[0.07,0.30]、0.11[0.05,0.24]、0.18[0.09,0.36]。结论：昂丹司琼联合地塞米松对妇科腹腔镜手术PNOV的预防效果显著。     

急性肠系膜血管闭塞的临床特征

目的探讨急性肠系膜血管闭塞(AMVO)的临床特征。方法选择69例AMVO患者,男47例,女22例,对不同性别患者临床特征进行回顾性分析。结果女性急性肠系膜动脉栓塞的比例高于男性(50.0%υs 36.2%,P=0.276);患者初次就诊时均有腹痛表现,但男性呕吐和上腹痛多于女性,女性血便的比例多于男性;男性患者入院时白细胞总数明显低于女性患者[(13.50±6.53)×10~9/Lυs(22.97±10.77)×10~9/L,P=0.004];男性中性粒细胞的百分比亦低于女性[0.83±0.11υs 0.90±0.07,P=0.044];D-二聚体男性与女性接近[(7.72±6.82)mg/Lυs(8.09±8.76)mg/L,P=0.901]。结论在AMVO患者中,女性患者急性肠系膜动脉栓塞的比例高于男性,且临床病情也较男性重。     

肿瘤患者发生化疗诱导性恶心呕吐的危险因素分析

目的探讨肿瘤患者发生化疗诱导性恶心呕吐的危险因素,以期为筛选高危患者和制定预防措施提供临床依据。方法2012年1月至2013年5月,采用便利抽样法选取龙游县人民医院恶性肿瘤患者345名为研究对象,采用一般资料调查量表、状态-特质焦虑量表(statetrait anxiety inventory,STAI)和症状困扰量表(the symptom distress scale,SDS),对其进行调查,并采用单因素和Logistic回归分析法分析。结果 345名患者中有240例发生恶心呕吐,发生率为60.57%。单因素分析显示,不同年龄、性别、化疗周期、有无恶心呕吐史、焦虑、疼痛和是否应用铂类化疗药的患者,其诱导性恶心呕吐发生率的差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、女性、恶心呕吐史、焦虑、疼痛、应用铂类化疗药和化疗周期是恶心呕吐发生的危险因素。结论化疗诱导性恶心呕吐的发生与多种因素有关,化疗前采取一定的预防措施可降低其发生率,保证化疗的顺利进行并提高患者的生活质量。     

健脾和胃降逆止呕中药内服加穴位贴敷治疗妊娠恶阻脾胃虚弱证的临床研究

【目的】观察健脾和胃降逆止呕中药穴位贴敷治疗妊娠恶阻的临床疗效。【方法】将122例妊娠恶阻脾胃虚弱证患者随机分为观察组63例和对照组59例,对照组2例中途退出,最终纳入57例。对照组采用健脾和胃降逆止呕中药内服、静脉输液、饮食起居护理与情志调护,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上加用健脾和胃降逆止呕中药穴位贴敷。每日1次,4d为1个疗程,连续治疗2个疗程。观察2组妊娠恶阻临床症状的改善情况,比较2组临床疗效,并评价其安全性。【结果】（1）观察组总有效率为96.8%,显著优于对照组的71.9%（P＜0.01）;（2）观察组呕吐症状消失所需时间显著少于对照组（P＜0.01）;（3）治疗过程中,2组均无明显不良反应情况发生。【结论】健脾和胃降逆止呕中药穴位贴敷可显著提高妊娠恶阻的临床疗效,联合中药内服、静脉输液、饮食起居护理与情志调护可达最佳治疗效果。     

Panayiotopoulos syndrome and diffuse paroxysms as the first EEG manifestation at clinical onset: a study of nine patients

Aim. To present a retrospective study of nine children with Panayiotopoulos syndrome associated with diffuse spikes and waves as the sole EEG manifestation at onset. Methods. Charts of children with typical clinical criteria of Panayiotopoulos syndrome, electroclinically followed between February 2000 and February 2012, were reviewed. Results. Among 150 patients who met the electroclinical criteria of Panayiotopoulos syndrome, we identified nine children who presented with the typical clinical manifestations but who, on EEG, only had diffuse paroxysms at onset that continued along the course of the syndrome. In three, in addition to the diffuse paroxysms, focal spikes appeared later. From a clinical point of view, other features were otherwise unremarkable. Diffuse spike‐and‐wave discharges were observed in all patients when awake and during sleep (100%). Later, three children also had focal spikes during sleep, which were occipital in one, frontal in one, and temporo‐occipital in the remaining patient. Spikes were activated by sleep in all three cases. During disease evolution, no particular electroclinical pattern was observed. Two patients who received clobazam and carbamazepine, respectively, did not respond well to the drugs and valproic acid was added with excellent seizure control. Outcome was good. Conclusions. We present evidence that patients with Panayiotopoulos syndrome may have diffuse discharges at onset as the sole EEG manifestation, which last throughout the course of the syndrome. In some, focal paroxysms developed later. The course was benign. In our group of patients, clinical features and evolution were similar to those of typical cases of Panayiotopoulos syndrome.