18F-FDG PET/CT 与常规CT评价非小细胞肺癌早期化疗疗效的对照研究*

目的:探讨18F-FDGPET/CT 的早期肿瘤代谢疗效与常规CT依据R ECIST 标准（实体瘤疗效评价标准）,评价非小细胞肺癌（non-smallcelllungcancer ,NSCLC ）化疗最佳客观疗效之间的关系。方法:收集2009年9 月至2014年12月山西省肿瘤医院经病理学确诊初治不可切除的局部晚期和晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC ）患者40例,行含铂双药方案全身化疗。PET/CT按SUV 标准（化疗1 个周期后肺部原发癌灶的最高SUV 值下降> 30%）评价肿瘤客观疗效,CT采用RECIST标准评价。配对计数资料采用χ2检验和κ 系数检验,将第1 个周期化疗后的代谢缓解率分别与第1 周期及第2 周期化疗后的最佳客观疗效进行比较,判断两者之间是否具有差异性及一致性。结果:第1 个周期化疗后按SUV 值评价的代谢缓解率与化疗后RECIST评价标准之间差异具有统计学意义（χ2= 5.063,P < 0.05）,并且具有较差的一致性（κ = 0.240,P = 0.085）,与2 个周期化疗后RECIST评价标准差异无统计学意义（χ2=2.083,P > 0.05）,并且具有较好的一致性（κ = 0.413,P = 0.006）;18F-FDGPET/CT 预测NSCLC 2 个周期化疗后最佳客观疗效的灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为 82.4%（14/ 17）、60.9%（14/ 23）、70.0%（28/ 40）、60.9%（14/ 23）和82.4（14/17）% 。结论:18F-FDGPET/CT 能够预测局部晚期和晚期NSCLC 化疗后按RECIST标准评价的最佳客观疗效;18F-FDGPET/CT 相对于常规CT可以更早并准确的评价NSCLC 的化疗疗效。      

^18F—FDG PET的临床初步应用

目的：评价国产ＰＥＴ－Ｂ０１和国产＾１８Ｆ－ＦＤＧ的临床应用价值。方法：应用国产ＰＥＴ－Ｂ０１和国产＾１８Ｆ－ＦＤＧ对１８例患者进行ＰＥＴ显像，所有患者均先行透射扫描后再行相同部位发射扫描，部分心肌扫描于注射前１ｈ口服葡萄糖５０ｇ，其余患者均禁食〉６ｈ后进行ＰＥＴ检查。结果：４例发作间期癫痫患儿中，３例可见局部皮质代谢减低区；２例脑血管患者均见和体征相关部位皮质代谢减低；４例糖负荷心肌显像中，心动     

Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and iodine-131 whole-body scintigraphy in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer

Metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer may show different uptake patterns for fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose and [¹³¹I]NaI. FDG positron emission tomography (PET), iodine-131 whole-body scintigraphy (¹³¹I WBS) and magnetic resonance imaging were performed in 58 unselected patients, and spiral computed tomography (CT) of the lung in 25 patients. Thirty-eight patients presented with papillary carcinomas, 15 patients with follicular carcinomas and five patients with variants of follicular carcinoma. Primary tumour stage (pT) was pT1 in 3, pT2 in 19, pT3 in 11 and pT4 in 25 cases. For the detection of metastases, FDG PET was found to have a sensitivity of 50%, ¹³¹I WBS a sensitivity of 61%, and the two methods combined a sensitivity of 86%. When FDG PET was limited to patients with elevated thyroglobulin (Tg) levels and negative ¹³¹I WBS, the sensitivity of this algorithm was 82%. Of the 21 patients with lymph node metastases, seven presented with FDG uptake but no iodine uptake. In four of them, a second FDG hot spot appeared in a lymph node metastasis of normal size. Five of the seven patients underwent surgery. None of the eight patients with pulmonary metastases smaller than 1 cm exhibited FDG uptake, while five of them had iodine uptake. All had positive results on spiral CT. In conclusion, FDG PET cannot be substituted for ¹³¹I WBS. If the Tg level is elevated and ¹³¹I WBS is negative, FDG PET can be used to detect lymph node metastases and complements anatomical imaging. A spiral CT of the lung is useful to exclude pulmonary metastases before planning a dissection of iodine-negative lymph node metastases. Received 2 May and in revised form 8 July 1997     

Metabolic myocardial viability assessment with iodine 123-16-iodo-3-methylhexadecanoic acid in recent myocardial infarction: Comparison with thallium-201 and fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose

The best test presently available to ascertain residual viability within an infarct-related area involves the use of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) to detect the persistence of some cellular metabolism. Rest reinjection of thallium-201 is a less accurate alternative but is easy to perform. Iodinated fatty acids, which are used with standard gamma cameras, are proposed as markers of cellular metabolism. This study was performed to assess the value of 16-iodo-3-methyl-hexadecanoic acid (MIHA) as a marker of the residual cellular metabolism by comparison with FDG in patients with a recent myocardial infarction, and to evaluate its contribution compared with the²⁰¹Tl stress-redistribution-reinjection technique. Stress-redistribution-reinjection²⁰¹T1 imaging, rest MIHA imaging and glucoseloaded FDG imaging were performed in 22 patients with recent myocardial infarction. Out of the 628 myocardial segments obtained from the left ventricular analysis, 400 were hypoperfused (relative uptake <0.75 of maximum uptake on stress²⁰¹T1 imaging), 177 of which were severely hypoperfused (relative uptake <0.50). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for predicting metabolic myocardial viability with FDG were derived from the results in respect of (a)²⁰¹T1 activity during exercise, redistribution and reinjection and (b) MIHA up-take, using the two FDG thresholds most commonly considered to define metabolic viability (0.50 and 0.60). Analysis of the 400 hypoperfused segments demonstrated that²⁰¹T1 reinjection was the most accurate test in predicting the presence of myocardial viability (area under the ROI curves=0.85 and 0.86 at the 0.50 and 0.60 FDG thresholds, respectively;P<0.05 vs other tests). The global predictive values of MIHA and²⁰¹T1 reinjection were, respectively, 0.87 and 0.89 at the 0.50 FDG threshold (NS), and 0.82 and 0.87 at the 0.60 FDG threshold (NS). When only the 177 severely hypoperfused segments were considered,²⁰¹T1 reinjection remained the most accurate test (accuracy 0.84 at the 0.50 FDG threshold and 0.82 at the 0.60 FDG threshold), while the accuracy of MIHA decreased significantly (0.78 at the 0.50 FDG threshold and 0.73 at the 0.60 FDG threshold,P<0.05 vs²⁰¹T1 reinjection). In all circumstances, MIHA was less specific than²⁰¹T1 reinjection for the detection of metabolic viability. In conclusion, in patients with recent myocardial infarction, MIHA accurately detects the persistence of metabolic viability, but is not superior to²⁰¹T1.     

Preliminary assessment of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron mission tomography in patients with bladder cancer

The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of imaging of bladder cancer with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scanning. We studied 12 patients with histologically proven bladder cancer who had undergone surgical procedures and/or radiotherapy. Retrograde irrigation of the urinary bladder with 1000–3710 ml saline was performed during nine of the studies. Dynamic and static PET images were obtained, and standardized uptake value images were reconstructed. FDG-PET scanning was true-positive in eight patients (66.7%), but false-negative in four (33.3%). Of 20 organs with tumor mass lesions confirmed pathologically or clinically, 16 (80%) were detected by FDG-PET scanning. FDG-PET scanning detected all of 17 distant metastatic lesions and two of three proven regional lymph node metastases. FDG-PET was also capable of differentiating viable recurrent bladder cancer from radiation-induced alterations in two patients. In conclusion, these preliminary data indicate the feasibility of FDG-PET imaging in patients with bladder cancer, although a major remaining pitfall is intense FDG accumulation in the urine. Present address: Department of Radiology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359, Japan     

GSM mobile phone radiation suppresses brain glucose metabolism

We investigated the effects of mobile phone radiation on cerebral glucose metabolism using high-resolution positron emission tomography (PET) with the (18)F-deoxyglucose (FDG) tracer. A long half-life (109 minutes) of the (18)F isotope allowed a long, natural exposure condition outside the PET scanner. Thirteen young right-handed male subjects were exposed to a pulse-modulated 902.4 MHz Global System for Mobile Communications signal for 33 minutes, while performing a simple visual vigilance task. Temperature was also measured in the head region (forehead, eyes, cheeks, ear canals) during exposure. (18)F-deoxyglucose PET images acquired after the exposure showed that relative cerebral metabolic rate of glucose was significantly reduced in the temporoparietal junction and anterior temporal lobe of the right hemisphere ipsilateral to the exposure. Temperature rise was also observed on the exposed side of the head, but the magnitude was very small. The exposure did not affect task performance (reaction time, error rate). Our results show that short-term mobile phone exposure can locally suppress brain energy metabolism in humans.     

Acute effects of celiprolol on muscle blood flow and insulin sensitivity: studies using [15O]-water, [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose and positron emission tomography

Objective: Recently the role of peripheral vasoconstriction in the aetiology of insulin resistance has been proposed. Celiprolol is a β₁-selective adrenoceptor antagonist with partial agonist activity at the β₂-receptor as well as vasodilator properties. The acute effects of celiprolol on skeletal muscle blood flow and insulin sensitivity were measured in this study. Methods: Celiprolol (2 times 0.5 mg · kg⁻¹) or saline was given intravenously to five healthy males in random order. Muscle blood flow was measured in femoral regions using [¹⁵O]-labelled water and positron emission tomography (PET) during euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemia (serum insulin ˜65 mU · l⁻¹) after an overnight fast. Thereafter, skeletal and heart muscle glucose uptake were determined using [¹⁸F]-2-deoxy-d-glucose. Results: Celiprolol increased muscle blood flow by 74%, from 3.4 to 5.9 ml · min⁻¹ · 100 g⁻¹ muscle in the basal state. It decreased peripheral resistance by 40%, from␣32.0 to 19.2 mmHg · ml⁻¹ · min⁻¹ · 100 g⁻¹. Celiprolol significantly decreased diastolic blood pressure from 82 to 73 mmHg and increased heart rate from 61 to 68 beats · min⁻¹, which suggests sympathetic activation. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was reduced by 46% in the whole body, from 39 to 21 μmol · kg⁻¹ · min⁻¹ and by 59% in the femoral muscles, from 99 to 41 μmol · kg⁻¹ · min⁻¹, with celiprolol as compared to saline. The effect on heart glucose uptake did not statistically differ between the treatments. Conclusion: Celiprolol given intravenously increased muscle blood flow and decreased peripheral resistance at rest. It also acutely increased heart rate probably via sympathetic activation, and decreased insulin sensitivity in the muscles of healthy male volunteers. The enhanced muscle perfusion when celiprolol is given intravenously does not explain the improved insulin sensitivity seen in the long-term oral use in dyslipidaemic hypertensive patients. Received: 19 September 1996 / Accepted in revised form: 13 November 1996     

Cerebral interregional correlations of associative language processing: a positron emission tomography activation study using fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose

Even though there have been numerous positron emission tomography (PET) activation studies on the perfusional and metabolic bases of language processing, little is known about the intracerebral functional network of language and cognitive processes. It was the aim of this study to investigate the cerebral interregional correlations during voluntary word association versus word repetition in healthy subjects to gain insight into the functional connectivity of associative speech processing. Due to individual variability in functional anatomy, the study protocol was designed as an averaged single-subject study. Eight healthy volunteers performed a verbal association task during fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) PET scanning. Two different tasks were performed in randomized order: (a) word repetition (after auditory presentation of nouns) as a control condition, and (b) word association (after auditory presentation of nouns) as a specific semantic activation. The regional metabolic rate of glucose (rMRGlu) was calculated after brain regionalization [112 regions of interest on individual 3D flash magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)] and PET/MRI realignment. Statistical analysis was performed for comparison of association and repetition and for calculation of interregional correlation coefficients during both tasks. Compared with word repetition, word association was associated with significant increases in rMRGlu in the left prefrontal cortex, the left frontal operculum (Broca’s area) and the left insula, indicating involvement of these areas in associative language processing. Decreased rMRGlu was found in the left posterior cingulum during word association. During word repetition, highly significant negative correlations were found between the left prefrontal cortex, the contralateral cortex areas and the ipsilateral posterior cingulum. These negative correlations were almost completely eliminated during the association task, suggesting a functional decoupling of the strict intercorrelation pattern. Received 16 March and in revised form 9 July 1998     

Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for preoperative parathyroid imaging in primary hyperparathyroidism

Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging was performed in seven consecutive patients with primary hyperparathyroidism to preoperatively locate parathyroid adenomas. Foci of FDG accumulation corresponding to abnormal parathyroid tissue were observed in two out of nine surgically excised parathyroid adenomas. It was concluded that FDG PET imaging demonstrated a too low sensitivity for systematic preoperative detection and localization of parathyroid glands causing primary hyperparathyroidism.     

Positron emission tomography in oncology

Summary. The particular advantages of positron emission tomography (PET) technique are that it has higher sensitivity, higher resolution, and a higher quality of image than that found in conventional nuclear medicine. The possibility of quantification and the wide range of useful tracers have raised expectations of this new method. To date, most of the human PET cancer studies have been performed with [¹⁸F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) or [¹¹CJmethionine. These are good imaging agents for tumours. However, more specific radiopharmaceuticals are required if other features of tumour metabolism are to be observed, f¹¹Thymidine may prove to be a good tracer for quantitative measurements of tumour proliferation and [¹⁸F]misonidazole has been suggested for imaging of hypoxia.