改良早期预警评分在心脏科门诊预检分诊中的应用

目的评估改良早期预警评分系统（MEWS评分）在心脏科门诊识别危重患者的应用效果。方法将2012年10～12月来我院就诊的心内科门诊19971例患者进行MEWS评分，据此安排就诊先后顺序，并根据病情危重程度实施必要的处置，将MEWS评分与病情转归进行比较和分析。结果MEWSO～4分患者18634例随诊，5～8分患者1063例，与专科病房及CCU／ICU做好无缝隙连接；≥9分患者274例，死亡危险性明显增加，立即进行紧急医疗干预，实施特别护理。结论简便的MEWS将心脏科患者病情分值化，使医护人员对就诊患者分诊依据更充分，具有识别潜在危重病的作用。     

Mast cells mediate malignant pleural effusion formation

Mast cells (MCs) have been identified in various tumors; however, the role of these cells in tumorigenesis remains controversial. Here, we quantified MCs in human and murine malignant pleural effusions (MPEs) and evaluated the fate and function of these cells in MPE development. Evaluation of murine MPE-competent lung and colon adenocarcinomas revealed that these tumors actively attract and subsequently degranulate MCs in the pleural space by elaborating CCL2 and osteopontin. MCs were required for effusion development, as MPEs did not form in mice lacking MCs, and pleural infusion of MCs with MPE-incompetent cells promoted MPE formation. Once homed to the pleural space, MCs released tryptase AB1 and IL-1β, which in turn induced pleural vasculature leakiness and triggered NF-κB activation in pleural tumor cells, thereby fostering pleural fluid accumulation and tumor growth. Evaluation of human effusions revealed that MCs are elevated in MPEs compared with benign effusions. Moreover, MC abundance correlated with MPE formation in a human cancer cell–induced effusion model. Treatment of mice with the c-KIT inhibitor imatinib mesylate limited effusion precipitation by mouse and human adenocarcinoma cells. Together, the results of this study indicate that MCs are required for MPE formation and suggest that MC-dependent effusion formation is therapeutically addressable.