CT扫描对股骨头坏死的诊断价值（CT片与X线片对比分析）

为了检验CT扫描对股骨头坏死的诊断价值，我们对病理证实的33例病人，42例股骨头坏死的X线平片与CT片进行了对比分析。37例股骨头坏死由CT扫描检出(88．1％)，其中仅有26例股骨头坏死从X线平片中检出(61．9％)CT优于X线平片。但仍有5个早期股骨头坏死是靠放射核素扫描得以确诊，因而早期股骨头坏死CT扫描诊断尚存在一定限制。     

胃石症的X线诊断与中药治疗(附80例分析)

植物性胃石是一种比较常见的疾病,由于不适当食用山楂或柿子引起.诊断主要依靠X线钡餐透视,治疗方法文献报告很多,但大多数疗效差且不可靠,甚至有的需手术取石治疗,加重患者痛苦及经济负担.笔者采用中药排石汤治疗胃石症80例取得较好效果,现分析报告如下.     

X线投照角度对根尖片诊断牙根吸收影响的研究

目前，根尖片和曲面断层片是诊断牙根吸收的常用方法。与曲面断层片相比，根尖片的投照技术能够保证获得更加准确的影像，更加有效地诊断正畸牙根吸收。但是在拍摄根尖片时，有许多因素可能造成影像的失真。这些因素包括：X线的投照角度、牙齿-胶片位置关系、焦点-胶片距离、牙齿-胶片距离等。其中，X线的投照角度最难控制。     

547例垂体腺瘤延迟诊断原因及影像诊断分析

目的:提高垂体腺瘤特别是微腺瘤早期影像诊断率。方法:通过对所搜集病史资料完整,经医学影像学确诊和手术病理证实的547例垂体腺瘤(内有251例微腺瘤)延迟诊断原因的分析,找到影响垂体腺瘤早期诊断的因素。结果:296例垂体大腺瘤蝶鞍X线平片、CT、MR常规检查即可诊断。CT骨窗蝶鞍片有助于垂体微腺瘤的诊断,251例微腺瘤经高分辨力CT薄层冠状强化扫描和高场强MR薄层强化扫描得以明确诊断。结论:熟悉垂体腺瘤的首发症状,及时行CT、MR常规扫描可明确大腺瘤的诊断,CT骨窗片可发现垂体微腺瘤的佐证。高场强MR薄层强化扫描是目前诊断垂体微腺瘤的最佳方法,高分辨力CT冠状薄层强化扫描次之,结合神经内分泌学检查是提高垂体腺瘤影像学早期诊断率的主要措施。     

继发性外部性脑积水的CT诊断及随访观察

目的探讨继发性外部性脑积水的CT特征及随访观察的价值.方法回顾性分析了36例有明确病因的继发性外部性脑积水的CT特征及随访结果.结果双侧额或额顶部蛛网膜下腔对称性增宽者36例(100%),双侧裂池增宽者36例(100%),额顶部脑沟增宽加深者31例(86.11%),前纵裂池增宽者36例(100%),脑基底池扩大者21例(58.33%),脑室轻度扩大者7例(19.44%).复查10例患儿其中8例外部性脑积水及临床症状消失,智力良好.其余2例均伴外伤史,其中一例复查出现脑萎缩征象,另一例出现脑积水征象.结论C检查及随访观察对于继发性外部性脑积水的诊断、鉴别诊断及指导临床治疗具有重要的价值.     

多层螺旋CT在鉴别孤立性肺结节中恶性肿瘤的评价

严格意义上讲,孤立性肺结节（solitary pulmo-nary nodule,SPN）是指全肺内唯一的2～30 mm边界清楚的类圆形病灶.但在实际工作和本文叙述中,将呈毛刺状轮廓的孤立病灶也包括在内.在所有SPN中,恶性肿瘤约占40%,良性病变约占60%.但这种比例会受普查人群中肉芽肿性疾病的地方特性和受检人群以及检查方法的影响.就年龄而言,＜35岁患者SPN的恶性肿瘤可能性只占1%～3%,40岁患者良、恶性的概率几乎各占50%.     

两种不同方法在儿童骨龄测试中的效果对比

目的：探讨超声骨龄测试与X线骨龄读片法在儿童骨龄测试中的效果及其之间的差异。方法：选取南充市的5000名6～17岁的儿童及少年为研究对象．将其随机分为对照组2500名和观察组2500名．其中对照组采用X线骨龄读片法检测骨龄．而观察组则采用超声骨龄法进行测试，将各年龄段的结果进行比较分析，以比较两种方法的效果。结果：经过对各年龄段的数据进行比较分析，发现不同方式之问在不同年龄段时之间存在差异，但差异不尽相同，总的来说超声骨龄测试在儿童骨龄测试中的优势较X线骨龄读片法明显。结论：在儿童骨龄测试中采用超声骨龄测试法，不仅对身体伤害小，且准确性也较高，值得进一步实践及推广应用。     

钼靶X线在乳腺癌诊断中的特殊价值

目的探讨钼靶X线在隐匿性乳腺癌诊断中的临床价值。方法回顾分析60例经手术病理证实的隐匿性乳腺癌的钼靶X线表现。结果 X线表现为孤立模糊小结节状影12例,小结节状影伴微细钙化2例,簇状细小钙化28例,局灶性致密影8例,放射状毛刺影4例,局部腺体结构扭曲6例。病理诊断浸润性导管癌36例、导管原位癌16例,小叶原位癌6例,浸润性小叶癌2例。结论隐匿性乳腺癌的X线表现常不典型,对局灶性致密、不定性钙化及局部腺体结构扭曲等征象的准确判读,以及活检病例的合理选择是隐匿性乳腺癌早期检出的关键。     

PET/CT在评价及观察大鼠肺癌放疗效果中的应用

Objective The aim of this study was to understand the role of PET/CT in monitoring the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy (RT) on lung cancer with Wistar rats. Methods Thirty Wistar in-bred strain rats (6-8 weeks, weighed 180-280 g, female, ordinary) were made into Lewis pulmonary tumor model rats. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT was performed when tumor reached 1.5-2.0 cm in greatest diameter (4-6 weeks) as a baseline. In order to get the optimal time point of PET/CT for moni-toring RT effect in rat cancer model, PET/CT was performed at the 3rd day, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th week after giving single dose of 5 Gy to each rat. Standardized uptake values (SUV) from FDG PET were measured and rats were sacrificed at different time point for validation. Besides, the expressions of glucose transport1 (Glut1) in tumor tissue were studied using immunohistochemistry. The level of tumor cell apoptosis, degra-dation, and necrosis were observed. SPSS 11.0 software was used for data analyses. Results A negative correlation of SUV uptake and time after RT and negative correlation of Glut1 expression and time after RT were observed in rat tumors, respectively. Positive correlation of SUV uptake and Glut1 expression in rat tumors was observed (Spearman rank correlation test, rs = 0.97, P < 0.01). Before RT, the SUV in rat tumor was 1.28 ± 0.31 and was decrease to 1. 00 ± 0.23 at the 3rd day and 0.18 ± 0. 10 at the 4th week after RT (F=15. 126, P<0.05). Before RT, the Glut1 in rat tumor was 0.2558 ±0.03 and was decrease to 0. 2320 ± 0. 01 at the 3rd day and 0. 1320±0.04 at the 4th week after RT. The amounts of tumor cell apopto-sis, degradation, and necrosis increased with time after RT. Conclusion Though FDG PET could monitor the therapeutic effect at the 3rd day after giving single dose of RT to rat lung tumor model, the optimal time was the the 4th week after treatment.