经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

血清IL-6、IL-17水平对AECOPD合并肺部感染的早期诊断价值及病原菌分析

目的分析血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-17(IL-17)水平对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)合并肺部感染的早期诊断价值及病原菌情况。方法选取2018年12月至2020年12月首都医科大学附属北京潞河医院呼吸内科收治的203例AECOPD患者作为研究对象,根据患者是否合并肺部感染将121例患者作为感染组,82例患者作为非感染组,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清中IL-6、IL-17水平,采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评估IL-6、IL-17诊断效能,检测患者痰液病原菌分布情况,分析AECOPD合并肺部感染的危险因素。结果感染组血清IL-6、IL-17水平高于非感染组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);IL-6对AECOPD合并肺部感染的诊断AUC为0.753,IL-17对AECOPD合并肺部感染的诊断曲线下面积(Area Under Curve,AUC)为0.781,联合诊断对AECOPD合并肺部感染的诊断AUC为0.894(95%CI:0.814～0.997),明显高于单项(P<0.05);AECOPD合并肺部感染患者病原菌中革兰氏阴性菌占63.30%,革兰氏阳性菌占31.19%,真菌占5.51%;年龄≥60岁、住院时间≥14天、机械通气时间≥48 h、血清IL-6≥35.28 ng/L、血清IL-17≥288.17 ng/L均是AECOPD合并肺部感染的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论血清IL-6、IL-17是AECOPD合并肺部感染的早期诊断指标及危险因素,AECOPD合并肺部感染病原菌主要为革兰氏阴性菌株。     

“三明治”式唇病变切除成形术治疗动静脉畸形巨唇症疗效分析

总结"三明治"式唇病变切除成形术治疗动静脉畸形巨唇症的临床经验, 观察其临床疗效和并发症。回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年10月在临沂市肿瘤医院接受手术治疗的27例动静脉畸形巨唇症患者的临床资料, 其中男14例, 女13例;中位年龄4.5岁(2～57岁);上唇18例, 下唇9例。所有患者在手术前均接受过(外院或本院)5～10次的介入栓塞硬化治疗, 巨唇外形改善均不明显, 3例病变进展增大。本组病例均采用"三明治"式唇病变切除成形术治疗。共行"三明治"式唇病变切除成形术28例次(1例2次手术)。27例次患者一期切口愈合, 1例部分黏膜坏死, 后经换药后愈合。有2例分别于术后半年内局部复发。随访1～3年, 远期疗效评价Ⅲ级(好)24例, Ⅱ级(中)3例, Ⅰ级(差)0例。"三明治"式唇病变切除成形术切口隐蔽, 立体式切除病变彻底, 能最大限度保留三维结构, 术后外形和功能良好, 远期疗效好, 建议临床推广该手术方式。     

遗传代谢病患者肝移植及预后的研究进展

近年来, 越来越多的遗传代谢病患者通过肝移植获益, 术后患者代谢能力得到改善, 生活质量明显提高, 但其长期预后尚存在争议。本文就近年来国内外常见需行肝移植治疗的遗传代谢病及其预后的相关研究进行综述, 有助于进一步推动和发展遗传代谢病肝移植, 以期获得更满意的疗效。     

原发性免疫缺陷病和脊髓性肌萎缩症临床特点及新生儿早期联合筛查实践

原发性免疫缺陷病(PID)及脊髓性肌萎缩症(SMA)均是由基因突变引起的能严重影响儿童健康甚至导致死亡的遗传性出生缺陷,早期发现和及时诊断治疗是影响预后的关键,新生儿筛查是目前实现早期诊断和干预的有效手段。近年来部分国家和地区已将SMA和PID中最为严重的重症联合免疫缺陷病(SCID)和最常见的B细胞缺乏症X连锁无丙种球蛋白血症(XLA)纳入新生儿筛查范围。浙江省在国内首次开展对SCID、XLA和SMA三种遗传性疾病的新生儿早期联合筛查实践,极大地提高了筛查效率,使出生缺陷三级预防关口前移,有助于显著改善患者的预后、提高生活质量、降低死亡率。     

凉血消疕丸联合阿维A胶囊治疗掌跖脓疱病临床观察

目的:探讨凉血消疕丸与阿维A胶囊联合使用治疗掌跖脓疱病的临床疗效。方法:52名掌跖脓疱病患者通过采用随机数字表法划分为对照组和治疗组各26例。对照组患者仅服用阿维A胶囊剂,治疗组加服凉血消疕丸。治疗周期设定为8周,比较分析治疗后的两组皮损评分、总有效率、复发率及不良反应发生率。结果:结束治疗后观察,总有效率情况为治疗组92.3%,对照组80.8%,差异对比有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组治疗后的皮损评分及复发率均低于对照组,两组相比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:凉血消疕丸和阿维A胶囊联合使用治疗掌跖脓疱病较仅使用阿维A胶囊具有疗效优势,值得推广应用于掌跖脓疱病的临床治疗。     

铺姜灸联合阿达木单抗治疗轻、中度活动期脾虚湿蕴型克罗恩病30例临床研究

目的：观察铺姜灸联合阿达木单抗（ADA）治疗轻、中度活动期脾虚湿蕴型克罗恩病（CD）的临床疗效。方法：将60例确诊为轻、中度活动期脾虚湿蕴型CD的患者随机分为治疗组与对照组，每组30例。对照组规范使用ADA治疗；治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上加用铺姜灸，选穴为双侧天枢和神阙、关元、气海、中极、中脘、下脘，每周3次。2组患者均连续治疗12周。观察并比较2组患者治疗前后腹痛程度评分、腹泻次数、克罗恩病活动指数（CDAI）评分及C反应蛋白（CRP）、红细胞沉降率（ESR）改变情况，比较2组患者治疗后诱导缓解率、焦虑缓解率。结果：治疗4周、12周后，在腹痛程度评分、腹泻次数、CDAI评分方面，除治疗4周后对照组腹泻次数，2组患者治疗各时期上述指标均明显低于本组治疗前（P＜ 0.05） ；治疗组除治疗4周后腹痛程度评分，其他时期及指标均明显低于同期对照组（P＜ 0.05）。治疗12周后，治疗组患者诱导缓解率为93.33%，明显高于对照组的63.33%（P＜ 0.05） ；治疗组焦虑缓解率为90.00%，明显高于对照组的60.00%（P＜ 0.05）。治疗12周后，2组患者CRP、ESR水平均明显低于治疗前（P＜ 0.05），治疗组明显低于对照组（P＜ 0.05）。结论：在规范使用ADA的基础上加用铺姜灸能改善轻、中度活动期脾虚湿蕴型CD患者腹痛、腹泻、焦虑等临床症状，降低炎症指标水平及CD活动度，提高患者生活质量，且未见明显不良反应。