黄芪甲苷调节miR-21基因抑制肾癌细胞增殖和诱导细胞凋亡的机制探讨

目的:探讨黄芪甲苷对肾癌细胞增殖、凋亡的影响及其作用机制。方法:用终浓度为20 μmol/L、40 μmol/L、80 μmol/L、160 μmol/L的黄芪甲苷处理肾癌细胞A498作为不同浓度黄芪甲苷处理组，正常培养的细胞作为对照（NC）组；将anti-miR-con、anti-miR-21转染至细胞A498中，记为anti-miR-con组、anti-miR-21组；将miR-con、miR-21转染至细胞A498中再用80 μmol/L黄芪甲苷处理作为HSJG+miR-con组、HSJG+miR-21组。四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法（MTT）检测细胞存活率；蛋白质印迹（Western Blot）检测裂解半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3（Cleaved-caspase-3）、细胞周期蛋白D1（Cyclin D1）蛋白表达水平；流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡；实时荧光定量PCR（RT-qPCR）检测miR-21表达水平。结果:与对照组相比，不同浓度黄芪甲苷处理组肾癌细胞A498中细胞存活率显著降低，Cyclin D1表达水平显著降低，Cleaved-caspase-3表达水平显著升高，细胞凋亡率显著升高，小鼠肿块重量显著降低，miR-21表达水平显著降低（P＜0.05）。miR-21低表达Cyclin D1表达水平显著降低，Cleaved-caspase-3表达水平显著升高，细胞存活率显著降低，细胞凋亡率显著升高（P＜0.05）。miR-21高表达逆转了黄芪甲苷对肾癌细胞A498增殖抑制和凋亡促进的作用。结论:黄芪甲苷可抑制肾癌细胞A498增殖，促进细胞凋亡，抑制肾癌实体瘤的生长，其机制可能与miR-21表达水平有关。     

miR-31靶向抑制IL1RN促进HaCaT细胞中IL-1β的分泌

目的研究miR-31/IL1RN途径在银屑病发生发展中的功能作用。方法分析miR-31在银屑病皮损组织及其对照正常组织中的表达差异,然后在HaCaT细胞中研究miR-31表达变化对IL-1Ra蛋白表达的影响,双荧光素酶实验验证miR-31与IL1RN mRNA 3′UTR的靶向结合关系,最后检测miR-31和IL1RN基因对炎症因子IL-1β分泌的影响。结果 miR-31在银屑病皮损组织中的表达高于非皮损组织,而体外细胞实验显示,miR-31过表达可抑制细胞中IL-1Ra蛋白表达,干扰miR-31则可上调细胞中IL-1Ra蛋白表达。双荧光素酶实验结果表明,miR-31可靶向结合IL1RN的3′UTR区。功能实验结果显示,miR-31过表达可促进IL-1β的分泌,而IL1RN过表达则可下调IL-1β的分泌,并可削弱miR-31对IL-1β分泌的促进作用。结论 miR-31通过靶向IL1RN的3′UTR区域抑制IL-1Ra的表达,促进IL-1β分泌,从而参与银屑病的进展。     

miR-451a suppresses the development of breast cancer via targeted inhibition of CCND2

Extensive research has indicated that miRNAs are crucial for the occurrence and progression of cancers. miR-451a, involved in breast cancer (BC), is one of the miRNAs. This study focused on the mechanism by which miR-451a regulates BC. The levels of miR-451a in BC tissues and cell lines were examined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Kaplan‒Meier analysis showed that this was intimately related to the patient's overall survival rate. Functional experiments revealed the negative effects of miR-451a on the abilities of BC cells to multiply (tested by Cell Counting Kit-8), migrate (tested by wound healing assay), and invade (tested by Transwell assay) and its positive effects on apoptosis (tested by flow cytometry). Western blotting indicated that the expression of tumor-related proteins was affected by miR-451a. Moreover, in vivo experiments suggested that tumor growth was clearly restrained by an miR-451a agonist in a xenograft tumor model. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that miR-451a directly targeted Cyclin D2 (CCND2), as demonstrated by the luciferase reporter assay. An opposite change in the level of CCND2 and miR-451a in BC was indicated by qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Subsequently, functional experiments and western blotting analysis confirmed that CCND2 accelerated BC progression, which was regulated by miR-451a. Cumulatively, research on miR-451a may be valuable for BC treatment.     

Decreased miR-124 contributes to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype formation of lung adenocarcinoma cells via targeting enhancer of zeste homolog 2

IntroductionMiR-124, a tumor suppressor, is involved in regulating various cellular processes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible function of miR-124 in LA (lung adenocarcinoma) cells.AimsMiR-124 expression levels in the 54 pairs of LA tissues (and corresponding non-tumor tissues) obtained at the Sixth People’s Hospital of Yancheng City and in LA cells were assessed by qRT-PCR. Colony formation assay, wound healing assay, transwell assays, attachment/detachment, western blotting and immunofluorescence assays were performed to assess the function of miR-124 on proliferation, migration and epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) phenotypes in LA cells in vitro. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is identified as a target of miR-124 by bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assays. Rescue assays were applied to verify the relationship between miR-124 and EZH2.ResultsMiR-124 was down-regulated in LA tissues (compared to adjacent non-tumor tissues), and was down-regulated in 3 out of 4 lung cancer cell lines compared to immortalized, non-tumorigenic bronchial epithelial cells. Forced expression of miR-124 significantly suppressed tumor cell proliferation, migration and inhibited the EMT process. On the contrary, deletion of miR-124 could obviously promote cell proliferation, migration and facilitate the formation of EMT phenotype. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assays confirmed that EZH2 was a target gene of miR-124 and was negatively correlated with the level of miR-124 in cancer tissues.ConclusionOur current study suggested that miR-124 was a tumor suppressor in LA, and miR-124 was associated with LA cell EMT phenotype formation via targeting EZH2.     

miR-21对视网膜母细胞瘤细胞增殖的影响及作用机制

目的　探讨MicroRNA-21（miR-21）对视网膜母细胞瘤(RB)细胞增殖的影响及作用机制。方法　采用Real-time PCR技术检测miR-21在正常视网膜组织和确诊RB组织中的表达情况；然后在转染的基础上运用MTT检查RB细胞存活率、流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率。Western blot法检测与细胞凋亡相关蛋白PDCD4、Bax、Bcl-2的表达。结果　与正常视网膜组织miR-21表达 （0.703±0.071）相比，RB组织miR-21为高表达（2.214±0.162），差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。在Weri-Rb-1细胞中，与NC组(2.245±0.213)相比，miR-21抑制剂转染后明显降低了miR-21的表达水平，miR-21 inhibitor组为0.683±0.075,差异有统计学意义 （P<0.01）。两组细胞转染后24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h，MTT测定法检测细胞活力结果显示:两组24 h的A值比较，差异无统计学意义 （P>0.05），miR-21 inhibitor 组在 48 h、72 h、 96 h的A值均低于 NC 组，差异均有统计学意义 （均为P<0.01）。流式细胞术检测结果显示:NC组凋亡细胞在总细胞中百分比为（3.045±0.301）%和（4.832±0.493）%，miR-21 inhibitor组凋亡细胞在总细胞中百分比为（2.593±0.257）%和（40.167±4.014）%，miR-21 inhibitor组Weri-Rb-1细胞的凋亡率明显高于miR-21 NC组(P<0.01)。Western blot检测结果显示:NC组PDCD4表达（0.192±0.045）相比miR-21 inhibitor组（0.683±0.091）表达明显减少，NC组Bax的蛋白表达水平（0.143±0.036）相比miR-21 inhibitor组（1.192±0.054）也明显减少，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01)，NC组Bcl-2蛋白表达（0.864±0.038）相比miR-21 inhibitor组（0.257±0.026）明显增多，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05)。结论　miR-21是RB的促癌基因，miR-21抑制剂可以通过降低miR-21表达抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖、促进细胞凋亡，这一过程与PDCD4、Bax、Bcl-2等凋亡相关蛋白有关。     

lncRNA MLK7-AS1通过抑制miR-375的表达促进胶质瘤U251细胞的增殖和侵袭

目的 探讨长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）MLK7-AS1在人脑胶质瘤组织中表达及其对胶质瘤U251细胞增殖、侵袭的影响。方法 选择2016~2017年手术切除的脑胶质瘤组织标本45例，2007版WHO分级Ⅰ级8例，Ⅱ级15例，Ⅲ级10例，Ⅳ级12例。另选择其中10例瘤旁正常脑组织作对照。体外培养U251细胞和人正常星形胶质细胞（NHA）。U251细胞根据转染质粒分成四组:转染miR-375 mimic组、转染si-MLK7-AS1组、同时转染miR-375 inhibitor和si-MLK7-AS1组以及只转染miR-375 inhibitor组。RT-qPCR检测MLK7-AS1和miR-375的表达水平；荧光素酶报告基因实验验证MLK7-AS1与miR-375之间的关系；CCK-8法检测U251细胞增殖活性，Transwell实验检测U251细胞侵袭能力。结果 高级别胶质瘤组织MLK7-AS1表达水平明显高于低级别胶质瘤组织（P<0.05），而后者明显高于瘤旁正常脑组织（P<0.05）；高级别胶质瘤组织miR-375表达水平明显低于低级别胶质瘤组织（P<0.05），而后者明显低于瘤旁正常脑组织（P<0.05）。U251细胞MLK7-AS1表达水平明显高于NHA（P<0.05），miR-375表达水平明显低于NHA（P<0.05）。序列分析显示MLK7-AS1和miR-375 存在特异性结合序列，荧光素酶报告基因实验表明U251细胞MLK7-AS1负调控miR-375表达。沉默MLK7-AS1表达通过上调miR-375表达明显抑制U251细胞增殖和侵袭（P<0.05）。结论 lncRN AMLK7-AS1可能通过调节miR-375的表达水平在人脑胶质瘤中发挥着促癌的作用     

miR-153下调FOXR2、CDK8和CDK13的表达抑制胶质母细胞瘤细胞增殖

目的 探讨miR-153对胶质母细胞瘤细胞增殖的影响。方法 体外培养胶质母细胞瘤细胞系U87、U251、SHG-44和T98G细胞，分别转染miR-153质粒（miR-153组）、空载质粒（载体组）和miR-153突变质粒（miR-153突变组），另设置空白对照组（不转染任何质粒）。RT-PCR检测miR-153、FOXR2、CDK8和CDK13的表达，MTT法检测细胞增殖能力。结果 miR-153组U87、U251、SHG-44和T98G细胞miR-153表达水平较载体组和空白对照组显著上升（P<0.05），细胞增殖水平较载体组和空白对照组均显著降低（P<0.05）。miR-153组U87、U251、SHG-44和T98G细胞FXOR2、CDK8和CDK13的mRNA水平较miR-153突变组、载体组和空白对照组均显著下降（P<0.05），而后三组之间均无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论 miR-153抑制胶质母细胞瘤细胞增殖，其机制可能与抑制FXOR2、CDK8和CDK13表达有关。     

泛素蛋白酶体抑制剂MG-132与心力衰竭

心力衰竭是各种心脏疾病发展的严重阶段,发病率的上升是心血管医学面临的最大挑战之一,已成为心脏病治疗的最后战场。MG-132是一种泛素蛋白酶体抑制剂,其在心力衰竭发展过程中扮演重要的角色,但其具体作用尚未完全阐明。现综述MG-132与心力衰竭关系及相关分子机制。     

miR-375在变应性鼻炎小鼠鼻黏膜上皮细胞凋亡中的调控作用

目的探讨miR-375在变应性鼻炎小鼠鼻黏膜上皮细胞凋亡和炎症反应中的调控作用。方法运用卵清蛋白(OVA)致敏的小鼠变应性鼻炎模型,使用实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)、蛋白质印迹试验(Western Blot)、酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)、免疫组织化学检测鼻黏膜上皮细胞内miR-375、JAK2、细胞凋亡相关蛋白(JAK2蛋白,裂解的蛋白酶3(Cleaved caspase 3),聚[ADP-核糖]聚合酶裂解酶(Cleaved PARP),蛋白酶3(Caspase 3),聚[ADP-核糖]聚合酶(PARP),p-STAT3蛋白,STAT3蛋白和β肌动蛋白(β-actin))和血浆IL-6、TNF-α、IL-10的表达水平。结果miR-375在变应性鼻炎小鼠的鼻黏膜上皮细胞中表达降低,而JAK2表达增高;JAK2蛋白、p-STAT3蛋白和裂解的蛋白酶3均在OVA组表达增高;给OVA致敏的变应性鼻炎小鼠注射miR-375模拟物可以导致血清IL-6、TNF-α的分泌下降,而IL-10分泌增加,该作用可以被带有过表达JAK2的腺病毒感染后而减弱。结论miR-375/JAK2调控通路存在于变应性鼻炎鼻黏膜上皮细胞中,并通过JAK2/STAT3信号通路调控细胞的凋亡和炎症反应,miR-375在变应性鼻炎的病程中有保护性机制。