地榆升白片预防及治疗恶性肿瘤放疗后白细胞减少的系统分析

目的:系统评价地榆升白片治疗和预防恶性肿瘤放疗后白细胞减少的有效性。方法:计算机检索Cochrane图书馆、PubMed、CBM、VIP、CNKI、万方数据库,起止时间均从建库至2011年03月。手工检索其他血液病相关杂志。对纳入的地榆升白片治疗和预防恶性肿瘤放疗后白细胞减少的随机对照试验进行质量评价,并进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入研究6篇。META分析显示白细胞降低分度例数上,地榆升白片优于对照组,差异有统计学意义[RR=1.54,95%CI(1.31,1.81)P=0.24,RR=1.21,95%CI(0.65,2.23)P=0.50],但与重组粒细胞集落刺激因子相比无显著性差异[RR=1.21,95%CI(0.65,2.23)P<0.05]。结论:地榆升白片能有效治疗和预防恶性肿瘤放疗后白细胞减少症。由于纳入研究少、研究质量普遍不高,上述结果有待高质量大样本的随机双盲对照试验加以验证。     

亚洲炎症性肠病患者中NUDT15 R139C基因多态性与巯嘌呤类药物诱导的白细胞减少的Meta分析

目的：系统评价亚洲炎症性肠病患者中NUDT15 R139C基因多态性与巯嘌呤类药物诱导的白细胞减少的关系。方法：计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、CNKI和万方等数据库中NUDT15 R139C基因多态性与巯嘌呤诱导的白细胞减少的相关研究,检索时间均为建库至2018年6月。由2位评价员独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的质量,采用Revman 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果：共纳入8个研究,3 676例炎症性肠病患者,Meta分析结果表明：NUDT15 R139C纯合突变与杂合突变者发生白细胞减少的风险显著高于野生型患者,差异有显著性（[TT&CC：OR=73.24,95% CI（32.81,163.47）,P<0.000 01;TC&CC：OR=5.99,95% CI（4.97,7.22）,P<0.000 01;TT+TC&CC：OR=7.33 95% CI（6.12,8.78）,P<0.000 01]）;此外还发现,NUDT15 R139C纯合突变与杂合突变者发生早期白细胞减少的风险[TT&CC：OR=56.90,95% CI（25.40,127.49）,P<0.000 01;TC&CC：OR=2.20,95% CI（1.42,3.41）,P=0.000 2;TT+TC&CC：OR=6.19,95% CI（2.76,13.85）,P=0.002]、严重白细胞减少的风险[TT&CC：OR=34.32,95% CI（16.74,70.37）,P<0.000 01;TC&CC：OR=2.50,95% CI（1.54,4.05）,P=0.000 2;TT+TC&CC：OR=4.87 95% CI（3.13,7.59）,P<0.000 01]均较野生型患者高,差异有显著性。结论：在炎症性肠病患者中,NUDT15 R139C基因突变患者使用巯嘌呤药物发生白细胞减少、早期白细胞减少、严重白细胞减少的风险显著高于野生型,临床上NUDT 15R139C基因型的测定可对巯嘌呤类药物个体化治疗提供有力的帮助。     

八珍汤加减对肺癌化疗后白细胞影响的疗效观察

[目的]观察中药八珍汤加减对肺癌化疗后白细胞影响的疗效观察。[方法]治疗组40例化疗前及化疗过程中,口服八珍汤加减方;对照组25例,按常规化疗,两组化疗方案相同,观察两组相同化疗后,白细胞减少的发生率。[结果]治疗组40例,白细胞减少症15例,发生率37.50%;对照组25例,白细胞减少症15例,发生率60.00%,经统计学处理P<0.05。[结论]八珍汤具有提高免疫机能、减少白细胞下降的作用。     

利奈唑胺相关性血液毒性的危险因素分析

目的 探讨接受利奈唑胺治疗住院患者发生相关性血液毒性的危险因素。方法 采用单中心、观察性、回顾性研究。收集78例接受利奈唑胺治疗且监测血药浓度的住院患者的临床资料,多因素Logistic回归分析其相关危险因素。结果 Logistic回归分析显示利奈唑胺疗程[OR=1.296（1.094~1.53）,P=0.003],肾小球滤过率估计值<30 mL·min^-1·（1.73 m²）^-1[OR=11.582（1.870~71.729）,P=0.008]是白细胞减少症的显著危险因素;利奈唑胺首次谷浓度[OR=1.178（1.052~1.318）,P=0.005],基础血白蛋白值< 30 g·L^-1[OR=4.175（1.315~13.254）,P=0.015]是血小板减少症的显著危险因素。结论 利奈唑胺相关性白细胞减少症呈时间依赖,相关性血小板减少症呈浓度依赖,患者在治疗期间应密切监测血常规,情况许可下建议监测血药浓度,行个体化治疗。     

Monitoring FTD in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of elderly patients with metastatic colorectal cancer administered FTD plus bevacizumab as first-line treatment

Trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) is an orally administrated anticancer drug with efficacy validated for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) or gastric cancer. FTD, a key component of FTD/TPI, exerts antitumor effects via its incorporation into DNA. Using specific antibodies against bromodeoxyuridine, FTD incorporation into DNA is detected in tumors and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with mCRC who are administered FTD/TPI. The proportion of FTD-positive PBMC fluctuates according to the schedule of treatment, although the association between the proportion of FTD-positive PBMC and the clinical outcomes of patients is unknown. To answer this question, here we monitored the FTD-positive PBMC of 39 elderly patients with mCRC enrolled in KSCC1602, a single-arm phase 2 trial of FTD/TPI plus bevacizumab as a first-line treatment, for 1 month, during the first cycle of treatment. The median values and interquartile ranges of the percentage of FTD-positive PBMC on days 8, 15, and 29 were 39.3% (30.7%-52.2%), 66.9% (40.0%-75.3%), and 13.5% (5.7%-26.0%), respectively. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that the percentage of FTD-positive PBMC on day 8 (the end of the first week of treatment) had moderate ability to accurately diagnose the occurrence of severe neutropenia and leukopenia within 1 month (area under the curve = 0.778 [95% confidence interval, 0.554-0.993]). This result suggests that excess FTD incorporation into PBMC at the initial phase of FTD/TPI plus bevacizumab treatment is a risk factor for early onset of severe hematological adverse events.     

A cross-sectional and follow-up study of leukopenia in tuberculosis patients: prevalence,risk factors and impact of anti-tuberculosis treatment

Background

To investigate the prevalence of and risk factors for leukopenia in tuberculosis patients and the impact of anti-tuberculosis regimens on the occurrence of leukopenia in newly treated tuberculosis patients.

Methods

A total of 1,904 tuberculosis patients were included in the study. A cross-sectional survey of the prevalence of leukopenia was initially conducted, and then factors influencing leukopenia were identified using Logistic regression analysis. Non-treatment factors influencing peripheral blood leukocyte counts were analyzed using univariate COX proportional hazards models. Covariate analysis was used to assess the independent effect of different anti-tuberculosis regimens on peripheral blood leukocyte counts.

Results

Being female, advanced age and longer duration of previous anti-tuberculosis treatment (>6 month) were risk factors for leukopenia in tuberculosis patients, while secondary pulmonary tuberculosis, higher body mass index (BMI: 24−27.9 kg/m²), and higher degree of education (senior high school or above) were protective factors. Gender, vegetable consumption, drinking, pulmonary infection, other chronic diseases, and use of antibiotics were significantly associated with the development of leukopenia in patients on anti-tuberculosis treatment. In tuberculosis patients treated with anti-tuberculosis regimens not containing antibiotics, peripheral blood leukocyte levels gradually declined with the prolongation of treatment duration. In tuberculosis patients treated with anti-tuberculosis regimens containing antibiotics, peripheral blood leukocyte levels showed a declining trend.

Conclusions

Female patients, patients at advanced age and recurrent tuberculosis patients having longer previous anti-tuberculosis treatment are high-risk populations for leukopenia. Attention should be paid to the influence of vegetable consumption and drinking, co-morbidities and use of antibiotics during anti-tuberculosis treatment.     

粒细胞集落刺激因子治疗肾移植后白细胞减少症

目的：评价重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子（Ｇ＿ＣＳＦ）在治疗肾移植后白细胞减少症中的效果及安全性。方法：应用Ｇ＿ＣＳＦ治疗肾移植后白细胞减少症１０例（男性６例，女性４例，年龄３８±ｓ１１ａ），每例注射Ｇ＿ＣＳＦ１５０μｇ，ｓｃ，ｑｄ，直至白细胞计数＞４×１０９／Ｌ。结果：１０例接受Ｇ＿ＣＳＦ的剂量为２２５±１０６μｇ，治疗前白细胞计数基值为（２．２±０．４）×１０９／Ｌ，治疗后白细胞峰值为（１０．６±２．６）×１０９／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１），开始治疗至出现峰值时间为３．６±１．３ｄ，治疗前血清肌酐为２３５±１３５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，治疗后２ｗｋ内最高血清肌酐为２３４±１２５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：Ｇ＿ＣＳＦ治疗肾移植后白细胞减少症疗效显著，且不引起排斥反应     

职业性白细胞减少症患者的临床疗效及预后分析

本文对130例职业性白细胞减少症患者的临床资料进行了回顾分析,并对患者的近、远期疗效及影响疗效的多种因素应用Cox模型进行统计计算。结果发现,现有常用升白药近、远期疗效都很差,在现有治疗方案中,以长时间复合用药效果最佳。治疗方法、疾病种类、住院次数对近期疗效有明显影响,远期疗效则主要取决于出院时白细胞的多少,单纯休息及不规律间断用药对血象影响不大。本文将Cox模型用于职业病临床疗效分析,荻得初步成功。     

COX回归模型在临床疗效分析中的应用

本文应用COx回归模型,130例职业性白细胞减少症患者进行疗效分析.从10个因子中确定治疗方法、疾病分类和住院次数对近期疗效有明显影响.远期疗效则主要取决于出院时白细胞的多少。最后对Cox模型的应用问题作了简略讨论。