社区药学服务调查报告Ⅱ

目的调查分析社区老年人群用药常识及对社区药学服务的需求情况,为社区开展老年人药学服务提供理论依据。方法对温州12个社区的居民进行问卷调查,选取60岁以上老年人与60以下的成年人进行对比分析。结果社区老年人健康问题以高血压、糖尿病等慢性病为主;社区老年人与非老年人在社区卫生服务中心购药的比例分别为58.25%与42.42%;79.80%老年人有家中备药习惯,但仅13.13%老年人按说明书中贮存要求存放药品;老年组与非老年组相比,用药误区存在显著性差异,老年组用药问题相对较多,在合理用药知识宣传、指导家庭备用药的选用及上门服务等药学服务方面存在更大的需求。结论社区老年人用药存在诸多问题,对社区药学服务的需求非常迫切。老年人社区药学服务目前还处于初级探索阶段,还需要社区药师发挥专业特长不断探索,不断实践,不断创新,让药学服务模式融入到社区卫生服务。     

广东省2009-2013年保健食品违法广告调查分析

目的 调查分析2009-2013年广东省保健食品违法广告的违法特点,为规范保健食品广告的发布提供研究参考.方法 从广东省食品药品监督管理局官方网站汇总广东省2009-2013年保健食品生产经销单位违法保健食品广告的通知公告,并对所获得信息进行整理分析.以保健食品常见功能作为划分点,建立违法次数的统计表从而进行数据研究.结果 保健食品违法广告中的保健食品主要是免疫调节类功能,夸大产品功效是保健食品违法广告的最主要表现形式.结论 针对保健食品违法广告存在的问题,提出相关的对策:完善保健食品广告的法律法规,改革保健食品广告审批权与管理权分离的体制,建立保健食品违法广告的公众监督查询平台系统等.     

新疆奎屯地区砷暴露致肝损伤现况调查

目的调查新疆奎屯高砷地区水砷含量及当地居民健康状况,分析砷对人体肝脏的损害作用,为进一步探讨砷的肝毒性作用机制提供基础资料。方法采用现场流行病学的调查方法在新疆奎屯水砷监测点进行调查,调查对象377例,其中砷暴露组137例,内对照组126例,外对照组114例;分别进行问卷调查、临床检查及样品采集,比较3组肝B超检查结果、尿砷含量及肝损伤血清标志物的差异。结果砷暴露组居民尿砷含量为(121.25±18.70)μg/L,高于内对照组的(22.47±19.21)μg/L和外对照组的(18.52±15.98)μg/L,3组差异有统计学意义(F=65.491,P<0.001)。B超检查结果显示肝功能正常者325例,异常者52例。砷暴露组和内对照组、外对照组发生肝脏异常分布比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.440,P=0.040)。血清肝纤维化指标检测显示砷暴露组的血清透明质酸、层粘连蛋白及Ⅳ型胶原含量与内对照组、外对照组比较差异有统计学意义;暴露组Ⅲ型前胶原肽与内对照组比较差异无统计学意义,而与外对照组比较差异有统计学意义;内对照组与外对照组的层粘连蛋白和Ⅳ型胶原差异有统计学意义。结论新疆奎屯高砷地区居民饮用高砷水与当地居民肝病高发有一定的联系,砷暴露可能是导致肝功能损害尤其是肝纤维化的主要原因之一,应进一步采取针对性措施降低肝损伤发生率,以促进高砷地区各族居民的身体健康。     

常州市有螺环境现状调查分析

目的 调查常州市有螺环境改造现状,为螺情监测提供依据.方法 收集全市有螺环境资料,对所有有螺环境进行现场调查并进行环境分类,建立数据库分析各类环境特点,并应用Google Earth软件绘制分布图.结果 常州市有螺环境共计6 174个,面积3 911.97万m2,分布于7市(县、区)的51个乡(镇)、414个村.根据环境分类,Ⅱ类环境最多,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ类环境面积的构成比分别为24.8％、54.4％、11.3％、9.5％.金坛市、武进区、溧阳市的有螺环境面积最大,分别占全市总面积的31.0％、24.4％、24.0％.金坛市、溧阳市、武进区、新北区以现况Ⅱ类环境居多,天宁区、钟楼区、戚墅堰区以现况Ⅰ类环境居多.Ⅳ类环境主要分布在武进区和新北区,分别占68.3％、25.9％.江湖滩、内陆和山丘3种类型流行区有螺环境面积的构成比分别为9.9％、49.8％、40.3％.3种类型流行区均以Ⅱ类环境居多,面积分别占52.3％、50.1％、60.2％,Ⅳ类环境所占比例分别为22.5％、14.1％、0.7％.结论 常州市有螺环境分布广,面积大,应重点加强对Ⅲ类、ⅣV类环境的监测.     

Intracranial EEG potentials estimated from MEG sources: A new approach to correlate MEG and iEEG data in epilepsy

Detection of epileptic spikes in MagnetoEncephaloGraphy (MEG) requires synchronized neuronal activity over a minimum of 4cm2. We previously validated the Maximum Entropy on the Mean (MEM) as a source localization able to recover the spatial extent of the epileptic spike generators. The purpose of this study was to evaluate quantitatively, using intracranial EEG (iEEG), the spatial extent recovered from MEG sources by estimating iEEG potentials generated by these MEG sources. We evaluated five patients with focal epilepsy who had a pre‐operative MEG acquisition and iEEG with MRI‐compatible electrodes. Individual MEG epileptic spikes were localized along the cortical surface segmented from a pre‐operative MRI, which was co‐registered with the MRI obtained with iEEG electrodes in place for identification of iEEG contacts. An iEEG forward model estimated the influence of every dipolar source of the cortical surface on each iEEG contact. This iEEG forward model was applied to MEG sources to estimate iEEG potentials that would have been generated by these sources. MEG‐estimated iEEG potentials were compared with measured iEEG potentials using four source localization methods: two variants of MEM and two standard methods equivalent to minimum norm and LORETA estimates. Our results demonstrated an excellent MEG/iEEG correspondence in the presumed focus for four out of five patients. In one patient, the deep generator identified in iEEG could not be localized in MEG. MEG‐estimated iEEG potentials is a promising method to evaluate which MEG sources could be retrieved and validated with iEEG data, providing accurate results especially when applied to MEM localizations. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1661–1683, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc .     

2018年台州市玉环市流动人口艾滋病相关认知和危险行为现状调查[* 基金项目：浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY19H260001)；台州市科技计划项目(1801KY45)。 ①复旦大学公共卫生学院 上海200032 ②台州市疾病预防控制中心 浙江 台州 318000 #通讯作者 ]

目的 了解台州市玉环市流动人口艾滋病相关认知和危险行为的现状，为开展有效的艾滋病健康教育和干预提供参考依据。方法 采用问卷调查的方法，2018年6—8月对台州市玉环市流动人口开展人口学特征、行为学特征和艾滋病相关认知等方面的调查。结果 共招募403人。未发现HIV抗体、梅毒阳性者；发现1例HCV阳性者，检出率为0.2%。最近一年暗娼占3.3%，临时性伴发生过性行为占1.9%，且42.9%从未使用安全套。艾滋病知识知晓率为62.3%。多因素logistic回归分析显示，高中及以上文化程度者艾滋病知识知晓率高。结论 台州市玉环市流动人口艾滋病知识知晓率较低，存在一定比例的暗娼和临时性行为等高危行为，应加大宣传教育力度。已婚或同居者在艾滋病知识应用上存在欠缺，使用安全套意识不强，应开展行为干预活动，实现“知信行”的统一，以有效地防治艾滋病的流行。     

甘肃省河西地区银屑病流行病学调查研究*

目的通过对甘肃省河西地区3个市居民进行流行病学调查,分析本地区银屑病患病情况。方法采用整群抽样法在河西地区3个市中选取17 302名居民,采用问卷调查、临床检查等方法评估居民银屑病患病情况,观察银屑病的流行病学特征,分析其主要危险因素。结果 17 302名调查对象中,确诊银屑病97例,总患病率为0.56%。不同城市、年龄、性别、婚姻状况、文化程度和职业的居民银屑病患病率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),而家族史、吸烟史、感染史、精神状态、饮酒及食用羊肉与银屑病发病具有密切相关性。结论河西地区银屑病发病率与全国平均水平基本一致,该病在人口学分布方面比较平均,多种因素均会促进疾病的发生。     

Characteristics of Endodontic Emergencies during Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak in Wuhan

IntroductionIn late 2019, an outbreak of a new coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was detected in Wuhan, China. A great percentage of patients with this disease developed symptoms of dry cough, malaise, and a high fever. During this time, several patients requiring assessment and treatment of endodontic emergencies were directed to the School and Hospital of Stomatology at Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. We examined the characteristics of these patients.MethodsA total of 96 patients with a mean age of 42.24 ± 18.32 years visited the general and emergency department of the School and Hospital of Stomatology at Wuhan University because of endodontic emergencies during the peak period of February 22 to March 2, 2020. Patient information was collected and organized by date of visit, sex, age, and systemic disease history. Body temperature was measured and acquired for each patient, a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemiologic investigation questionnaire was given to each patient, an endodontic diagnosis was determined for the offending tooth, and a verbal numerical rating scale (VNRS) was used to record pain levels.ResultsOf the total patient visits during this period, 50.26% of visits were for endodontic treatment. No patients had a fever (>37.2°C). One patient with a confirmed COVID-19 history was admitted after recovery. Three admitted patients had been exposed to confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients. Twelve admitted patients (12.5%) with a mean age of 62.42 ± 13.77 years had a history of systemic diseases. The most common age group for endodontic emergencies was 45–64 years (30.21%), and patients of this group showed a significantly higher mean VNRS score compared with that of the 6- to 19-year age group and the 20- to 34-year age group (P < .05). The majority of endodontic emergency diagnoses were diseases of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (53.10%). Patients who were diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, symptomatic apical periodontitis, and acute apical abscess showed a significantly higher mean VNRS score than that of other groups (P < .05).ConclusionsEndodontic emergencies, with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis being the most common, consist of a much higher proportion of dental emergencies in a COVID-19 high-risk area than normally. Vital pulp therapy can advantageously reduce treatment time, resulting in a reduced risk of infection for vital pulp cases. Rubber dams, personal protective equipment, and patient screening are of great importance during the COVID-19 outbreak in protecting clinicians.     

医院感染管理现况调查及对策研究

目的：总结目前医院感染管理存在的问题及探讨相应的对策。方法：调查分析我院2014年10月25日所有住院患者。结果：共收集132例患者，其中医院感染5例，感染率最高科室是综合内科；感染部位主要是下呼吸道；抗菌药物使用率是40．00％，其中综合内科使用率最高。结论：应加强重点科室的监测及干预，加强抗菌药物合理应用的培训和监督；从而降低我院院感的发生率。