前臂皮瓣联合钛网和颊脂垫修复口腔癌术后的上颌骨缺损

目的观察前臂皮瓣联合钛网和颊脂垫修复上颌骨缺损的临床效果。方法对3例上颌牙龈癌和1例腭部腺样囊性癌分别行上颌骨次全切除或全切除术,遗留的缺损用4 cm×5 cm~5 cm×7 cm大小的前臂皮瓣联合钛网和颊脂垫修复。其中钛网用于恢复上颌骨前外侧面、牙槽突和腭部形态,前臂皮瓣用于修复腭部口腔面黏膜缺损,颊脂垫用于修复腭部鼻腔面黏膜缺损。术后通过临床检查及CT和鼻内窥镜检查评价其效果。结果随访1~3年,肿瘤无复发,移植皮瓣全部成活,面部外形及牙槽突和腭部形态恢复良好,鼻腔面钛网被软组织覆盖,佩戴可摘局部义齿修复缺牙后,语言和进食功能恢复良好。结论前臂皮瓣联合钛网和颊脂垫修复上颌骨缺损效果理想。     

Usefulness of fat-suppression magnetic resonance imaging for oral and maxillofacial lesions

In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the oral and maxillofacial region, where large amounts of fat are normally present, the high signal intensity of fat on T1-weighted images (T1WI) and the chemical-shift artifact have limited the utility of paramagnetic contrast agents. Eliminating fat signal by fat-suppression techniques can increase the value of contrast-enhanced MRI. The present study was designed to evaluate the utility and role of chemical-shift imaging for fat suppression in the detection of oral and maxillofacial lesions in 22 patients (17 with malignant tumors, two with benign tumors, and three with inflammation). The depiction of lesions on the postcontrast fat-suppression T1WI was compared with that of conventional pre-and postcontrast T1 and T2WI on a four-grade scale (grades 0–3). The postcontrast fat-suppression T1WI (average grade, 2.86) were significantly superior to the precontrast T1WI (0.82) and postcontrast T1WI (1.86) and T2WI (1.68). Postcontrast fat-suppression T1WI were particularly beneficial in the detection of central necrosis or extracapsular invasion of metastatic neck lymph nodes as well as in defining the lesion extent at fat-containing areas such as the bone marrow or cheek. These findings demonstrated that the fat-suppression technique is extremely useful in the delineation of oral and maxillofacial lesions without increase of the scan time or image postprocessing procedures.     

住院2型糖尿病病人血糖波动异常与身体成分的相关性

目的 探讨2型糖尿病病人血糖波动指数平均血糖波动幅度（MAGE）、血糖水平标准差（SDBG）与身体成分组分[体脂肪百分比、内脏脂肪面积（VFA）、骨骼肌含量（SMM）、细胞外水分等]的相关性。方法 收集2018年6月至2019年12月在苏州大学附属第一医院内分泌科住院治疗的2型糖尿病病人189例（年龄范围为23～82岁;男113例,女76例）,维持原降糖方案,分为正常血糖波动组116例（MAGE<3.9 mmol/L）和异常血糖波动组73例（MAGE≥3.9 mmol/L）,比较两组临床资料,分析MAGE、SDBG与VFA、SMM等组分的关系。结果 正常血糖波动组的体脂肪百分比[（38.5±4.5）%比（31.9±3.9）%]、VFA和SMM高于异常血糖波动组（P<0.05）;Spearman相关分析结果表明,VFA和SMM分别与MAGE、SDBG呈负相关（P<0.01）;分别以MAGE、SDBG为因变量,多重线性回归结果显示VFA是MAGE、SDBG的独立影响因素,随着VFA的增加,MAGE、SDBG逐渐降低（P<0.05）;二元logistic回归结果显示V...     

围绝经期妇女骨折风险与内脏脂肪量的相关性研究

目的应用骨折风险评估工具(FRAX)计算围绝经期妇女(40~50岁)骨质疏松性骨折风险,探讨围绝经期妇女骨折风险与内脏脂肪量的内在联系。方法分析2017年3月至2018年3月334例围绝经期妇女的问卷资料(年龄、体重、烟酒史、既往骨折史、激素应用情况等),通过双能X线扫描获得定量指标骨密度值及内脏脂肪量,采用FRAX软件计算骨折风险,并与内脏脂肪量进行相关性分析。结果围绝经期妇女随年龄增加,骨密度值逐渐减少,骨折风险逐渐增高;内脏脂肪量与骨密度呈负相关(r=-0.35,P<0.05);内脏脂肪量与骨折风险呈正相关(r=0.58,P<0.05)。结论FRAX能精准反映围绝经期妇女骨折风险,有助临床提前干预;内脏脂肪是导致骨质疏松性骨折的致病因子之一。     

益心舒胶囊治疗2型糖尿病合并冠心病心绞痛的临床疗效分析

目的:探讨益心舒胶囊对2型糖尿病合并冠心病心绞痛患者的临床疗效。方法:选取河北省张家口市第一医院内分泌科收治的2型糖尿病合并冠心病心绞痛患者88例,随机分为对照组与观察组,每组44例。对照组给予常规降糖及抗心绞痛药治疗,观察组在其基础上联合益心舒胶囊治疗,2组均治疗8周。治疗后统计2组临床疗效;检测并比较治疗前后2组患者血糖、血脂水平及血小板活化指标水平的变化。结果:与对照组比较,治疗后观察组临床症状改善及心电图改善显效比例及总有效率均显著升高,无效比例显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01);与治疗前比较,治疗后2组FBG、2 h PBG、HbA1c及TG、TC、LDL-C水平均明显降低,且观察组显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01),而2组HDL-C水平明显升高,且观察组显著高于对照组(P0.01);与治疗前比较,治疗后对照组仅PAC-1及MAR降低(P0.05),而观察组LAP、CD62P、PAC-1及MAR降低,且明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:益心舒胶囊可显著改善2型糖尿病合并冠心病心绞痛患者的血糖、血脂水平,明显抑制血小板活化,提高临床疗效。     

Fibrotic changes in the infrapatellar fat pad induce new vessel formation and sensory nerve fiber endings that associate prolonged pain

The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) contains nerve fiber endings and is considered to play an important role in the perception of knee pain. However, it is unclear whether and to what degree prolonged pain influences the nociceptive role of the IFP. To answer this question, we established a novel rat model of knee pain in which inflammation is restricted to the IFP. Rats received a single intra-IFP injection of monoiodoacetic acid (MIA) (0.2 mg/10 µL or 1.0 mg/10 µL) in the left knee and a phosphate-buffered saline (10 µL) injection in the right knee as a control. Pain-avoidance behavior and histological changes of the knee joint were measured at multiple time points up to 28 days after MIA injection. Histological analysis showed a transient inflammatory response in the IFP body in the 0.2-mg model, whereas prolonged inflammation followed by fibrotic changes was observed in the 1.0-mg model. Subtle histological alterations were observed in the articular cartilage and IFP surface regardless of the dose. The pain-avoidance behavior test indicated the development of prolonged knee pain throughout the experimental period in the 1.0-mg group. Histological assessments showed a significant increase in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-positive nerve fiber endings inside IFPs with fibrosis in newly vascularized surrounding regions. These data suggest that irreversible fibrotic changes in the IFP induce the formation of new vessels and CGRP-positive nerve fiber endings that associate prolonged pain in the joint.     

多囊卵巢综合征患者身体成分分析的临床价值

目的通过对多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者进行身体成分分析,评判患者的体型、脂肪分布及营养状况,为PCOS患者的健康管理及并发症的预防提供依据。方法收集2018年6月至2019年8月在江苏省人民医院妇科内分泌门诊就诊的PCOS患者123例为PCOS组,选择同期就诊、月经正常的女性121例为对照组。记录所有研究对象的年龄、身高、体重等参数,采用人体成分分析仪(InBody S10),以生物电阻抗法为原理进行相关指标的测定。比较两组对象一般情况及检测指标的差异,并根据BMI进一步行分层分析。结果两组对象年龄、身高、体重比较均无统计学差异(P均>0.05),PCOS组的BMI[(27.14±4.60)vs.(25.82±4.58)kg/m^2]、全身脂肪含量[(26.55±8.67)vs.(24.23±8.36)kg]、内脏脂肪面积[(100.37±29.98)vs.(92.40±29.34)cm^2]和体脂率[(37.03±6.69)%vs.(35.23±7.06)%]均显著高于对照组(P均<0.05)。根据BMI数值进行分层,当BMI<24 kg/m^2时PCOS组的全身脂肪含量[(15.86±4.71)vs.(13.13±3.39)kg]、内脏脂肪面积[(64.65±19.67)vs.(55.09±13.96)cm^2]和体脂率[(29.10±5.84)%vs.(25.31±4.82)%]亦显著高于对照组(P均<0.05);两组患者细胞外水分率、骨骼肌及骨矿物质含量比较无显著性差异(P均>0.05)。当BMI≥24 kg/m^2时,PCOS组的全身脂肪含量[(29.85±6.73)vs.(27.89±5.91)kg]、内脏脂肪面积[(111.39±23.28)vs.(104.71±21.64)cm^2]亦显著高于对照组(P均<0.05);两组患者体脂率、细胞外水分率、骨骼肌及骨矿物质含量比较无显著性差异(P均>0.05)。结论PCOS患者中超重和肥胖,尤其是腹型肥胖的发生率较高,且无论PCOS患者体重是否正常,全身脂肪含量及内脏脂肪面积均明显高于正常女性。因此,建议对PCOS患者进行体脂及相关指标等检测,以更好地指导临床进行营养与运动管理,改善PCOS患者的体脂分布及比例,有利于改善临床症状及预防远期并发症。     

Novel insight into perirenal adipose tissue: A neglected adipose depot linking cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease

Obesity is associated with adverse metabolic diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). These obesity-related diseases are highly associated with excess fat accumulation in adipose tissue. However, emerging evidence indicates that visceral adiposity associates more with metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors. Perirenal adipose tissue, surrounding the kidney, is originally thought to provides only mechanical support for kidney. However, more studies demonstrated perirenal adipose tissue have a closer association with renal disease than other visceral fat deposits in obesity. Additionally, perirenal adipose tissue is also an independent risk factor for CKD and even associated more with CVD. Thus, perirenal adipose tissue may be a connection of CVD with CKD. Here, we will provide an overview of the perirenal adipose tissue, a neglected visceral adipose tissue, and the roles of perirenal adipose tissue linking with CVD and CKD and highlight the perirenal adipose tissue as a potential strategy for future therapeutics against obesity-related disease.     

Relationship Among Radiological Measurements of Anterior Mediastinal Fat and Outcomes of Lung Transplantation in Fibrotic Patients

ObjectiveLung transplantation (LT) for pulmonary fibrosis is related to higher mortality than other transplant indications. We aim to assess whether the amount of anterior mediastinal fat (AMF) was associated to early and long-term outcomes in fibrotic patients undergoing LT.MethodsRetrospective analysis of 92 consecutive single lung transplants (SLT) for pulmonary fibrosis over a 10-year period. AMF dimensions were measured on preoperative CT-scan: anteroposterior axis (AP), transverse axis (T), and height (H). AMF volumes (V) were calculated by the formula: AP × T × H × 3.14/6.According to the radiological AMF dimensions, patients were distributed into two groups: low-AMF (V < 20 cm³) and high-AMF (V > 20 cm³), and early and long-term outcomes were compared by univariable and multivariable analyses.ResultsThere were 92 SLT: 73M/19F, 53 ± 11 [14–68] years old. 30-Day mortality (low-AMF vs. high-AMF): 5 (5.4%) vs. 15 (16.3%), p = 0.014. Patients developing primary graft dysfunction within 72 h post-transplant, and those dying within 30 days post-transplant presented higher AMF volumes: 21.1 ± 19.8 vs. 43.3 ± 24.7 cm³ (p = 0.03) and 24.4 ± 24.2 vs. 56.9 ± 63.6 cm³ (p < 0.01) respectively. Overall survival (low-AMF vs. high-AMF) (1, 3, and 5 years): 85%, 81%, 78% vs. 55%, 40%, 33% (p < 0.001).Factors predicting 30-day mortality were: BMI (HR = 0.77, p = 0.011), AMF volume (HR = 1.04, p = 0.018), CPB (HR = 1.42, p = 0.002), ischaemic time (HR = 1.01, p = 0.009).Factors predicting survival were: AMF volume (HR = 1.02, p < 0.001), CPB (HR = 3.17, p = 0.003), ischaemic time (HR = 1.01, p = 0.001).ConclusionPreoperative radiological assessment of mediastinal fat dimensions and volumes may be a useful tool to identify fibrotic patients at higher risk of mortality after single lung transplantation.