速度向量成像技术评价扩张型心肌病心脏扭转运动

目的 应用超声心动图速度向量成像(VVI)技术对扩张型心肌病(DCM)患者心脏扭转运动的改变进行初步分析,进一步探讨VVI技术在评价心脏扭转运动方面的价值.方法 采用VVI技术对33名正常人和30例扩张型心肌病患者进行研究.选取胸骨旁左室二尖瓣水平、乳头肌水平、心尖水平短轴切面及心尖四腔心、两腔心切面的图像,测量收缩期左室基底部、中部及心尖部最大旋转角度、峰值旋转速度、圆周应变(CS),达峰值旋转速度时间(TPRV);舒张末期及等容舒张末期峰值解旋转速度,对比两组心脏旋转和扭转运动.结果 (1)正常组左室扭转运动:自心尖部向心底部观察,等容收缩期心底部逆时针旋转,心尖部顺时针旋转;收缩期心底部顺时针旋转,心尖部逆时针旋转;乳头肌水平旋转形式不固定.左室整体扭转方向为逆时针.(2)部分DCM患者心脏扭转运动形式改变:30例研究对象中4例患者左室扭转形式不同于正常人,其中2例表现为心尖和心底均呈逆时针旋转,1例表现为心尖和心底均呈顺时针旋转,1例表现为心底部呈逆时针旋转而心尖部呈顺时针旋转.(3)旋转形式未发生变化的26例DCM患者的有关旋转和扭转运动参数均明显减低,以心尖部减低更为明显.DCM组与正常组相比:左室扭转角度7.34°±3.65°比17.01°±4.81°、扭矩(0.09±0.04)°/mm比(0.23±0.06)°/nun、扭转速度(60.23±23.67)°/s比(148.24 4-56.23)°/s、解扭转率(0.37±0.19)%/m比(0.59 4-0.33)%/m;心底部旋转角度-3.60°±2.38°比-6.56°±3.18°(P=0.014)、心尖部旋转角度5.80°±3.55.比12.13.±2.05°(P=0.000)、心底部CS-8.09%±2.73%比-19.49%±5.51%(P=0.013)、心尖部CS-8.94%4-5.90%比-27.49%4±9.53%(P=0.000).(4)左室扭转角度与射血分数呈正相关(r=0.489,P<0.05),DCM组心尖部TPRV较正常组明显延长,存在旋转运动不同步性(400.26 ±70.15)ms比(328.13±66.95)ms,P=0.008.结论 (1)DCM心脏扭转功能呈弥漫性损伤,扭转功能受损对心脏整体功能的减低具有明显影响.(2)部分DCM心脏扭转运动形式表现与正常人不同.(3)VVI可客观反映DCM患者的心脏扭转功能.     

青春期女性附件扭转临床诊疗分析

目的　分析青春期女性附件扭转的临床表现、诊疗情况及病理类型。方法　选取2006年1月—2016年10月温州医科大学附属第一医院收治的10~18岁附件扭转患者32例,回顾性分析患者的一般情况、临床表现、实验室检查及诊疗情况等。结果　患者临床表现以腹痛,恶心呕吐为主,可有白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、肿瘤标志物等升高,超声及CT检查可发现盆腔包块或提示附件扭转。30例行腹腔镜手术治疗,其中12例行腹腔镜患侧附件切除术,10例行腹腔镜下囊肿剔除术,8例行腹腔镜患侧输卵管切除术;2例行传统开腹手术。术后病理类型包括成熟畸胎瘤、卵巢囊肿、卵巢冠囊肿、卵巢黏液性囊腺瘤等。患者首次症状出现到入住本院时间<3 d组与≥3 d组患者年龄、扭转侧别、腹痛发生率、恶心呕吐发生率、白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、超声未探及明显血流信号比例、术后住院时间、术中见扭转部位明显坏死、粘连、扭转圈数、术中包块直径、手术时间比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;<3 d组中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、术前诊断扭转率较≥3 d组升高（P<0.05）。结论　青春期附件扭转临床症状、实验室检查不典型,超声和CT有一定的诊断价值,部分患者因误诊或未予重视从而延误治疗。对就诊的青春期女性应进行详细体检,及早对附件扭转做出诊断,尽快治疗,以最大限度降低对患者身心的影响。     

Torsion of pedunculated subserous uterine leiomyoma: A rare complication of a common disease

Objective

To evaluate the clinical presentations, diagnosis, management, and outcomes of torsion of the pedunculated subserous uterine leiomyoma.

Pilot testing of a variable stiffness transverse plane adapter for lower limb amputees

Amputees often experience soft tissue breakdown and discomfort from the high transverse plane shear stresses between the residual limb and prosthesis. To evaluate the effects of varying the transverse plane stiffness, a small sample population of lower limb amputees wore a novel variable stiffness torsion adapter (VSTA). Peak transverse plane moments were evaluated for three fixed stiffness levels (compliant: 0.30 Nm/°, intermediate: 0.57 Nm/°, stiff: 0.91 Nm/°) while participants traversed five tasks of daily living that emphasize transverse plane motion including: straight walking for reference, 90° turns, 180° turns, a static reach test, and the L-Test of functional mobility. Results indicated that activities requiring high levels of transverse plane motion (90° and 180° turns) had significantly reduced peak transverse plane moments when walking with the compliant transverse plane stiffness as compared to the stiff setting. Additionally, use of the VSTA resulted in no measurable loss of mobility at self-selected walking speeds between the three settings. These preliminary results indicate that a transverse rotation adapter with variable stiffness capability could be useful for a lower limb amputee to help reduce stresses at the socket-limb interface that result in soft tissue breakdown and discomfort.     

Functioning gonadotroph adenoma with severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: A new emergency in pituitary adenoma surgery? Surgical considerations and literature review

The authors reported 2 cases of functioning gonadotroph pituitary adenoma (FGPA) revealed by an ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in young women. In the first case, OHSS was observed after GnRH analog injection. Pelvic echography revealed multiple voluminous ovarian cysts. Dopamine agonist posology failed in estradiol hypersecretion control, which necessitated endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery. The patient experienced improvement in pelvic pain as estradiol hypersecretion decreased during the first few postoperative days. Outcome was favorable, and her menstrual cycle was normal after two months. The second case was a young girl with spontaneous pelvic pain and elevated plasma FSH and estradiol levels. FGPA was confirmed on cerebral MRI. Dopamine agonists were introduced, and surgical removal of the pituitary tumor was scheduled for 7 days later. In the meantime, the patient was admitted and underwent surgery for bilateral adnexal torsion related to OHSS. The pituitary tumor was removed one week later. Outcome was favorable, and estradiol and FSH plasma levels were normal after 3 months. The ovarian cysts were no longer visible on echography after 3 months. Given the lack of efficacy of the current standard medical therapy, surgical removal of pituitary adenomas is the reference treatment for FGPA. The authors suggest that severe OHSS related to FGPA should be considered as a relative surgical emergency and that surgery should not be unduly delayed, given the unpredictable risk of adnexal torsion, particularly in case of voluminous ovarian cysts. The authors performed a literature review on this topic.     

左心室应变和扭转对冠心病患者心脏功能水平的关系研究

【摘要】目的 应用斑点追踪技术检测冠心病患者左心室应变和扭转情况,研究左心室应变和扭转对冠心病患者心脏功能水平的关系。方法 选取我院于2016年10月到2017年10月收治的冠心病患者70例,按照纽约临床心功能分级积分(NYHA-P)分为纽约临床心功能分级正常组38例,心功能分级异常组32例,以及再选择体检正常的志愿者30位作为对照组,比较受检者的NYHA-P、左室射血分数(LVEF)、总体心肌整体径向应变(GRS)、纵向应变(GLS)、左室心肌收缩期心肌扭转角度(TA)。结果 冠心病患者组与对照组比较,LVEF、GLS、GRS、TA降低。心功能分级正常组与异常组相比,LVEF、GLS、GRS、TA降低。心功能正常组GLS、GRS、TA与LVEF无相关性,与NYHA-P相关。心功能异常组GLS、GRS、TA与LVEF及NYHA-P都相关。心功能分级异常组以GLS-14.75%截断点判定患者NYHAP积分高于4.5分的灵敏度为87.45%,特异度为72%,Youden指数最高为0.653。结论 左心室应变和扭转与冠心病患者心脏功能水平相关,可以有效评价冠心病患者的临床心脏功能水平。     

EZ取钉器的生物力学测试和临床初步应用

目的 通过生物力学测试和临床初步应用验证EZ取钉器对断钉、打滑螺钉的取出效果。方法 采用新鲜尸骨标本,股骨、胫骨、尺桡骨各4具,并随机分为两组：A组为起子取螺钉扭力组;B组为骨髓腔内灌骨水泥固定螺钉组,其中B1为螺钉打滑时最大扭力组;B2为EZ取钉器一个手柄时取钉器最大扭力组;B3为两个手柄时取钉器的最大扭力组,制成4种生物力学测试模型,内固定螺钉分为4.5 mm和3.5 mm两种类型。在万能材料试验机上测试实验标本,施加轴向载荷2 kN,测量扭转拔出螺钉时的最大扭矩值、扭角及螺钉拔出时功耗大小和效率。实验数据经统计学处理, 进行组间比较。并用EZ取钉器在12例患者中初步应用。结果 A组最大拔出扭矩为1.42～1.96 N·m,B1组为2.87～3.27 N·m,B2组为3.06～4.83 N·m,B3组为4.12～8.36 N·m,各组间均呈显著性差异（P<0.05）。其相对应各组的扭角均值分别为1.59°、0.77°、0.28°和0.16°,各组间有明显差异（P<0.05）。螺钉拔出（旋出）时,各组的功耗均值分别为12、21、32和45J;对应各组间的功率（机械效率）分别为0.20、0.35、0.53和0.75 J/s,组间呈明显差异（P<0.05）。在12例临床断钉和打滑螺钉患者中初步应用,均成功取出,未出现术后并发症。结论EZ取钉器具有足够的抗扭强度和刚度,夹持力大,拔钉稳定可靠,是取出骨骼中断钉和打滑螺钉较理想的工具。     

上斜肌减弱术矫正伴上斜肌功能亢进A型斜视82例分析

目的 探讨上斜肌减弱(断腱或后徙)术矫正伴上斜肌功能亢进A征的效果及眼球旋转状态的改变.方法 收集伴双侧上斜肌亢进的A型斜视82例,断腱术79例,后徙术3例,观察手术前后第一眼位、上下方斜视度及上斜肌亢进程度,于术前和术后1d行双眼眼底照相并测量黄斑-视盘夹角(FDA).结果 (1)断腱组:①术前A征斜度平均为(23.47±9.08)△;手术减少(25.27±11.79)△;随访期末残余斜度差为(-1.98±6.60)△,与术前比较差异有统计学意义.②术前平均FDA,右眼为(9.08±5.40)°、左眼为(12.10±4.77)°、双眼为(20.87±8.49)°;平均减少量,右眼(7.57±4.71)°、左眼(8.28±5.38)°、双眼(15.72±7.01)°;术后第1天FDA右眼(0.90±4.90)°、左眼(3.34±5.33)°、双眼(4.23±7.58)°;双眼FDA手术前、后比较,差异有统计学意义.(2)后徙组3例患者A征消失,手术矫正量为23△、35△、31△,双眼总FDA减少为24.00°、10.80°和11.00°.结论 双侧上斜肌减弱术可有效矫正A征和眼球内旋状态.断腱术A征矫正量与术前A征的度数呈正相关,术后内旋转度数减少量与术前客观旋转度数呈正相关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate tenectomy(ST)and recession(SR),and their effects in treatment of A pattern,superior oblique overaction,and torsion.Methods Pre- and Post-operative primary eye position,upgaze and downgaze of deviation,superior oblique muscle function,fundus photograph were examined and analyzed in 82 patients of A-pattem deviation with bilateral superior oblique overaction(SOOA).Results ST ① Mean A-pattern was(23.47± 9.08)△ before and(-1.98± 6.60)△ after the operation.Mean correction was (25.27±11.79)△.② The mean pre-operative fovea-disc angle(FDA)of both eyes was(20.87± 8.49)° ,with the mean decreasing of(15.72± 7.01),and the mean FDA was(4.23± 7.58)° 1 day after operation.SR The mean correction of A pattern was 23△,35△and 31 △.The mean correction of total FDA was 24.00° ,10.80° and 11.00° .Conclusions Bilateral superior oblique weakening is effective in correcting A-pattern deviation and incyclodeviation.     

超声二维斑点追踪技术评价心尖肥厚型心肌病左心室扭转运动

目的 探讨应用超声斑点追踪成像技术(STI)评价心尖肥厚型心肌病(AHCM)患者左心室扭转运动(LVtor)的临床应用价值.方法 对34例AHCM患者与21名健康志愿者行二维超声检查.获取左心室短轴二尖瓣环水平、心尖水平二维图像,应用STI软件测定左心室短轴心底水平、心尖水平心肌旋转角度峰值及达峰时间、旋转速度峰值;测定左心室整体扭转角度峰值(Ptw)、达峰时间、左心室舒张期解旋减半时间(HTU);计算舒张期解旋率(Untw R);比较两组间各参数差异.HTU分别与二尖瓣口舒张早期峰值(E)、舒张晚期峰值(A)及E/A值行相关分析.结果 AHCM组左心室短轴心尖水平心肌收缩期旋转角度峰值和旋转速度峰值均较对照组增加,达峰时间延长(P均＜0.05);AHCM组左心室整体Ptw及扭转速度峰值较对照组显著增大(P均＜0.05);AHCM组舒张期HTU较对照组延迟,Untw R降低,解旋速度峰值减低(P均＜0.05).AHCM组HTU与E/A值呈负相关.结论 AHCM患者在左心室收缩功能正常时,心尖部旋转及左心室扭转运动增强,Untw R降低.STI可敏感地反映出AHCM患者的心肌功能变化.     

速度向量成像技术评价肥厚型心肌病心脏扭转运动

目的 应用超声心动图速度向量成像(VVI)技术对肥厚型心肌病(HCM)患者心脏扭转运动(cardiac twist)进行初步分析,探讨HCM患者在左室射血分数(LVEF)正常时心脏局部和整体扭转功能是否已有改变.方法 对30例HCM患者(其中左室流出道梗阻13例)和33例正常人(对照组)行常规超声心动图检查,测量LVEF、左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左室收缩末期容积(LVESV)、每搏量(SV)等.采用VVI技术测量左室基底部腱索水平、乳头肌水平和心尖水平收缩期心内膜下心肌和心外膜下心肌的最大旋转角度、峰值旋转速率、圆周应变(circumferential strain,CS)、圆周应变率(circumferential strain rate,CSR)、径向应变(radial strain,RS)、径向应变率(radial strain rate,RSR);测定舒张期峰值解旋转速率和解扭转率,以分析两组的心脏旋转和扭转运动.结果 HCM组与正常组相比,LVEF差异无统计学意义,LVEDV、LVESV、SV明显减低,心内膜下心肌的左室扭转角度、CS较正常人明显增高,心外膜下心肌的旋转速率、解旋转速率、CS、CSR均明显减低(P＜0.05),HCM组左室三个短轴水平的RS、RSR均明显低于对照组(P＜0.01);舒张期解扭转率低于对照组.HCM组分组资料显示:左室流出道梗阻组患者心外膜下心肌的旋转速率、解旋转速率、CS、CSR进一步减低.结论 HCM患者心脏整体扭转角度较正常人增大,局部心肌圆周方向变形能力下降,左室流出道梗阻加剧局部心功能的损伤.