血糖变异性与重症脑出血患者神经功能恢复的相关性

目的 探讨血糖变异性对重症急性脑出血患者神经功能恢复的影响及血糖变异性在重症脑出血患者发病时间轴上的表现特点。方法 选取2018年1月1日-2019年7月1日收入河南科技大学第一附属医院重症外科的脑出血患者,根据患者入院30 d后改良Rankin(Modified Rankin scale,mRS)评分将患者分为神经功能恢复良好组(mRS≤2分),和神经功能恢复不良组(mRS>2分)(残疾/死亡),比较2组入院时高血糖、平均血糖、血糖标准差、入院24 h内血糖变异性(CV1)、入院1～3 d血糖变异性(CV2)、入院3～7 d血糖变异性(CV3)、入院7 d内血糖平均变异性(CV7)、最低血糖水平以及其他临床资料,应用多变量logistic回归分析确定入院30 d后神经功能恢复的独立预测因素。结果 单因素分析显示年龄、CV1、CV3、CV7、最低血糖水平、血糖标准差是影响重症脑出血患者神经功能恢复的相关因素(P<0.05); 多因素logistic逐步回归模型分析显示血糖标准差、CV1、CV3、CV7、最低血糖水平能独立预测重症脑出血患者神经功能的恢复情况; 神经功能恢复良好组和神经功能恢复不良组患者的血糖变异性在入院24 h内、入院1～3 d和入院3～7 d时间轴上的变化特点不同(F=5.000,P=0.029),进一步分析可以看出神经功能恢复不良组的血糖变异性平均幅度较神经功能恢复良好组高,但2组在时间轴上的变化趋势基本相同,均在急性期(入院1～3 d)呈线性上升趋势,之后趋于下降; 组内效应显示患者的血糖变异性在3个时间段上的变化具有显著差异(F=11.663,P<0.001)。结论 血糖标准差、CV1、CV3、CV7、最低血糖水平是影响重症脑出血患者神经功能恢复的独立危险因素; 在重症脑出血患者超急性期、急性期、亚急性期过程中血糖变异性的变化具有显著差异,临床工作中重症脑出血患者应在入院早期密切监测血糖,并积极干预,减小血糖波动范围,以期减少不良预后的发生。     

雅安市社区在管严重精神障碍患者现状研究

目的了解雅安市社区在管严重精神障碍患者的现况,为改进雅安市严重精神障碍管理治疗工作提出可行性建议。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法,抽取雅安市纳入社区管理的严重精神障碍患者1 002例,采用重性精神疾病管理随访表调查患者规范管理情况、服药情况、居家稳定情况以及肇事肇祸情况。结果完成有效问卷803份,雅安市社区在管严重精神障碍患者规范管理率为93. 03%(95%CI:91. 30%~94. 80%),服药率为65. 13%(95%CI:61. 80%~68. 40%),规律服药率为50. 44%(95%CI:47. 00%~53. 90%),居家稳定率为90. 78%(95%CI:88. 80%~92. 80%)。肇事肇祸发生率为4. 61%(95%CI:3. 20%~6. 10%)。结论雅安市严重精神障碍患者规范管理率、规律服药率达到国家标准,服药率尚未达到国家标准,居家稳定率较高,肇事肇祸率较低。     

颅脑CT和床旁超声在重型颅脑损伤去骨瓣减压术后监测中的应用

目的 对比分析颅脑CT和床旁超声在重型颅脑损伤去骨瓣减压术后监测中的诊断效能。方法 回顾性分析2016年3月至2018年9月行去骨板减压术治疗的140例重型颅脑损伤的临床资料，术后均行颅脑CT和床旁超声检查。结果 床旁超声脑挫裂伤、脑梗死、硬膜外血肿、硬膜下血肿、脑内血肿的检出率与颅脑CT监测无统计学差异（P>0.05），但其总检出率明显低于颅脑CT检查（P<0.05），诊断阳性率为88.06%。床旁超声在诊断出血量、中线位移动距离、脑室宽度绝对值、血肿大小等与颅脑CT监测无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 床旁超声在重型颅脑损伤去骨瓣减压术后监测中具有一定的优势，可在一定程度上替代颅脑CT检查，临床应用价值较高。     

Prevalence and clinical characteristics of children with medical complexity in Tottori Prefecture,Japan: A population-based longitudinal study

ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence and background of children with medical complexity (CMC) and its secular trend in Japan.MethodsCMC were defined as patients under the age of 20 years requiring medical care and devices. The patients were enrolled using the national health insurance claims data of three hospitals and two rehabilitation centers in Tottori Prefecture. The study period was divided into three periods: Period 1, 2007–2010; Period 2, 2011–2014; and Period 3, 2015–2018.ResultsA total of 378 CMC were enrolled. The prevalence of CMC was 1.88 per 1000 population among subjects aged <20 years in 2018, and it increased by approximately 1.9 times during the study period. The number of CMC who presented with severe motor and intellectual disabilities did not change from Period 1 to Period 3. Meanwhile, the number of CMC who had relatively preserved motor and intellectual abilities increased from 58 to 98. The proportion of CMC who required respiratory management and oxygen therapy increased by 1.3 and 1.8 times, respectively. By contrast, the proportion of CMC who need tube feeding decreased significantly between periods 1 and 3 (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe prevalence of CMC increased almost twice during the 12-year study period; however, the increase in the number of patients with relatively preserved motor and intellectual abilities was pronounced. This study showed that the need for medical care and devices differed based on the underlying disorders and severity of CMC; therefore, individualized medical, welfare, and administrative services and education about the various types of CMC must be provided.     

2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)不同临床分型患者胸部CT影像学特征

目的: 探讨2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）不同临床分型患者的胸部CT影像学特征。方法: 收集经核酸检测确诊为COVID-19的患者67例，根据《新型冠状病毒感染肺炎诊疗方案（试行第六版）》对患者进行临床分型，其中轻型3例，普通型35例，重型22例，危重型7例。分析和比较不同临床分型患者的胸部CT影像学特征。结果: 轻型患者胸部CT影像学检查无明显异常。普通型患者中，单发病灶3例（8.6%），多发病灶32例（91.4%）；重型患者中，单发病灶1例（4.5%），多发病灶21例（95.5%）；危重型患者均为多发病灶。普通型患者胸部CT影像以实性斑片影伴晕征为主要表现（18/35，51.4%）；重型患者以条索影伴磨玻璃影为主要表现（7/22，31.8%）；以实变影为主要表现共7例，全部为重型或危重型患者。结论: COVID-19不同临床分型患者胸部CT影像学有特征性表现，以实变影为主要病灶的影像学特征可作为重型和危重型患者的指征之一。     

Reparación mitral transcatéter según la etiología de la insuficiencia mitral: datos de la vida real procedentes del registro español de MitraClip

Introduction and objectivesTranscatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR) with MitraClip is a therapeutic option for high surgical risk patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR). The main objective of this study was to analyze differences in outcomes in patients with severe MR according to the cause of MR.MethodsObservational, multicenter, and prospective study with consecutive patient inclusion. The primary endpoint was the combination of all-cause mortality and new readmissions due to heart failure after 1 year. We compared clinical and procedural characteristics and the event rate for each MR group. We performed a multivariate analysis to identify predictive variables for the primary endpoint.ResultsA total of 558 patients were included: 364 (65.2%) with functional etiology, 111 (19.9%) degenerative and 83 (14.9%) mixed. The mean age was 72.8 ± 11.1 years and 70.3% of the sample were men. There were 95 (17%) events in the overall sample. No significant differences were found in the 3 groups in the number of primary outcome events: 11 (11.3%) in degenerative MR, 71 (21.3%) in functional MR, and 13 (18.1%) in mixed MR (P = .101). Independent predictors were functional class (P = .029), previous surgical revascularization (P = .031), EuroSCORE II (P = .003), diabetes mellitus (P = .037), and left ventricular ejection fraction (P = .015).ConclusionsThis study confirms the safety and efficacy of TMVR with MitraClip irrespective of MR etiology in real-life data and shows the main factors related to prognosis during the first year of follow up.     

Supervivencia de los pacientes ancianos con implante percutáneo de válvula aórtica comparados con la población general

Introduction and objectivesSevere symptomatic aortic stenosis carries a very poor prognosis. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement has been demonstrated to change the natural history of the disease. However, it is not known whether the probability of survival in older patients receiving this treatment returns to a similar value to that in the general population. Our objective was to determine survival in these patients vs that in the general population.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the survival curves of patients older than 75 years who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) at our hospital and compared them with those in the general population of the same age, sex, and geographic region by using data from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics.ResultsWe analyzed 526 patients. Among postoperative survivors, survival curves were similar between the 2 groups during most of the follow-up. In TAVI patients, the probability of survival at 1, 3, 5, and 8 years of follow-up was 90.58% (confidence interval [CI] 95%, 87.54-92.91), 72.51% (95%CI, 67.38-76.97), 53.23% (95%CI, 46.52-59.48), and 35.73% (95%CI, 27.72-43.80). In the reference population, these percentages were 91.93%, 75.63%, 59.6%, and 37.47%.ConclusionsLong-term survival in elderly patients undergoing TAVI is influenced by postoperative mortality. In patients surviving the postoperative period, the probability of survival returns to a similar value to that in the general population of the same age, sex, and geographical area.     

Hypoglycemia unawareness in type 1 diabetes patients using intermittent continuous glucose monitoring: Identification of risk factors and glycemic patterns

BackgroundHypoglycemia unawareness designates failure to detect eminent hypoglycemia. Clarke's questionnaire is one of the most used systems to evaluate this problem.AimsTo relate Clarke's questionnaire (QQ) results with continuous glucose monitoring data.MethodsApplication of the questionnaire in a sample of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients using intermittent continuous glucose monitoring (iCGM).Results111 T1DM patients were evaluated, 56.8% female, mean age 35.0 ± 12.4 years and mean disease duration 18.8 ± 10.5 years.According to CQ, 13.5% had unawareness, 76.6% awareness and 9.9% indeterminate awareness to hypoglycemia. Those with unawareness had longer disease duration (25.1 ± 10.4 vs 18.2 ± 10.3 for awareness and 14.9 ± 9.9 for indeterminate awareness, p = 0.047), more time below range (10.3 ± 4.9% vs 6.3 ± 5.1 and 6.3 ± 4.8; p = 0.009) and higher mean duration of hypoglycemia (131.7 ± 38.6 vs 116.6 ± 49.6 and 131.7 ± 38.6; p = 0.008). In multivariate analysis, mean duration of hypoglycemia was an independent predictor of CQ results. In a receiver operating curve (AUC 0.746; p = 0.004) a mean duration of hypoglycemia ≥106.5 min showed 84.6% sensitivity/64.4% specificity for unawareness.ConclusionsOur sample had a significative prevalence of hypoglycemia unawareness which increased with longer diabetes duration. iCGM data can be indicative of this problem, with a mean hypoglycemia duration ≥106.5 min being suggestive, albeit unspecific.