奎的平与氯氮平治疗精神分裂症疗效比较研究

目的探讨奎的平与氯氮平治疗精神分裂症的疗效和安全性。方法将68例精神分裂症患者随机分为研究组（奎的平治疗）与对照组（氯氮平治疗）各34例。治疗期间研究组脱落1例，实际完成33例，对照组脱落2例，实际完成32例。两组疗程均为8w。于治疗前及治疗第2、4、8w末采用阳性与阴性症状量表评定临床疗效，副反应量表评定不良反应，并进行对比分析。结果研究组显效率69．7％，有效率93．9％；对照组显效率68．8％，有效率93．8％，两组间比较均无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。研究组不良反应较对照组少且轻。结论奎的平治疗精神分裂症疗效确切，不良反应少，服药依从性好。     

Counter striking psychosis: Commercial video games as potential treatment in schizophrenia? A systematic review of neuroimaging studies

Schizophrenia is a severe, chronic, and strongly disabling neuropsychiatric disorder, characterized by cognitive decline, positive and negative symptoms. Positive symptoms respond well to antipsychotic medication and psycho-social interventions, in contrast to negative symptoms and neurocognitive impairments. Cognitive deficits have been linked to a poorer outcome and hence specific cognitive remediation therapies have been proposed. Their effectiveness is nowadays approved and neurobiological correlates have been reconfirmed by brain imaging studies. Interestingly, recent MRI work showed that commercial video games modified similar brain areas as these specialized training programs. If gray matter increases and functional brain modulations would translate in better cognitive and every day functioning, commercial video game training could be an enjoyable and economically interesting treatment option for patients with neuropsychiatric disorders. This systematic review summarizes advances in the area with emphasis on imaging studies dealing with brain changes upon video game training and contrasts them to conventional cognitive remediation. Moreover, we discuss potential challenges therapeutic video game development and research would have to face in future treatment of schizophrenia.     

Pretreatment levels of the fatty acid handling proteins H-FABP and CD36 predict response to olanzapine in recent-onset schizophrenia patients

Traditional schizophrenia pharmacotherapy remains a subjective trial and error process involving administration, titration and switching of drugs multiple times until an adequate response is achieved. Despite this time-consuming and costly process, not all patients show an adequate response to treatment. As a consequence, relapse is a common occurrence and early intervention is hampered. Here, we have attempted to identify candidate blood biomarkers associated with drug response in 121 initially antipsychotic-free recent-onset schizophrenia patients treated with widely-used antipsychotics, namely olanzapine (n = 40), quetiapine (n = 23), risperidone (n = 30) and a mixture of these drugs (n = 28). Patients were recruited and investigated as two separate cohorts to allow biomarker validation. Data analysis showed the most significant relationship between pre-treatment levels of heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) and response to olanzapine (p = 0.008, F = 8.6, β = 70.4 in the discovery cohort and p = 0.003, F = 15.2, β = 24.4 in the validation cohort, adjusted for relevant confounding variables). In a functional follow-up analysis of this finding, we tested an independent cohort of 10 patients treated with olanzapine and found that baseline levels of plasma H-FABP and expression of the binding partner for H-FABP, fatty acid translocase (CD36), on monocytes predicted the reduction of psychotic symptoms (p = 0.040, F = 6.0, β = 116.3 and p = 0.012, F = 11.9, β = −0.0054, respectively). We also identified a set of serum molecules changed after treatment with antipsychotic medication, in particular olanzapine. These molecules are predominantly involved in cellular development and metabolism. Taken together, our findings suggest an association between biomarkers involved in fatty acid metabolism and response to olanzapine, while other proteins may serve as surrogate markers associated with drug efficacy and side effects.     

首发精神分裂症外周血氧化应激状态改变

目的探讨首发精神分裂症患者外周血氧化应激变化及抗精神病药治疗对其影响。方法纳入47例首发未用药精神分裂症患者和43名正常对照,测定其外周血总超氧化物歧化酶(total superoxide dismutase,T-SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)及总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity of the body,T-AOC)活性。患者中18例完成单一利培酮6周治疗(利培酮组),25例完成单一奥氮平6周治疗(奥氮平组),治疗后再次测定外周血T-SOD、GSH-Px、CAT及T-AOC。结果与对照组相比,患者组治疗前T-SOD、GSH-Px降低(P0.05),CAT升高(P0.05),T-AOC差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。利培酮组T-SOD活性在治疗后升高(P0.05),奥氮平组T-AOC在治疗后升高(P0.05),两组各氧化应激指标的变化值组间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论首发精神分裂症患者抗氧化酶活性改变,这可能与精神分裂症病理机制有关。非典型抗精神病药利培酮和奥氮平可改善首发精神分裂症患者的氧化应激状态。     

非典型抗精神病药物治疗住院精神分裂症或双相障碍患者急性激越和敌对的疗效：一项系统综述的结果

概述：急性激越和敌对是双相障碍和精神分裂症患者的常见症状。本综述中,我们讨论在双相障碍或精神分裂症患者中上述症状的发生率、临床评估策略、治疗方案以及目前国内外针对这些症状的治疗指南。在现有的方法中,有使用肌肉注射的抗精神病药物和最近获得批准的口服非典型抗精神病药物治疗双相障碍或精神分裂症住院患者的急性激越和敌对,我们详细讨论了支持这些方法的最新证据,并强调各个抗精神病药物之间的一些差异。     

WHOQOL-BREF量表用于精神分裂症和抑郁症的信效度研究

目的 分析世界卫生组织生存质量简表(WHOQOL-BREF)中文版应用于精神分裂症和抑郁症患者的信度和效度.方法 对204例符合CCMD-3中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准的门诊/住院精神病患者进行WHOQOL-BREF问卷调查,采用Cronbach'sα系数和Split-half系数评价量表的内部一致性信度,采用Pearson相关、探索性因子分析等评价其效度.结果 WHOQOl-BREF的Cronbach' sα系数为0.88,Split-half系数为0.82.生理、心理、社会、环境4个领域的Cronbach's α系数分别为0.53、0.54、0.57、0.78.除个别条目外,各条目与其所属的领域的相关系数均＞0.40(均有P＜0.05), 且高于该条目与其他领域的相关系数.因子分析提取了6个因子,总解释方差的累积贡献率为62.47％,各领域的构成与理论结构基本一致.结论 WHOQOL-BREF有较好信度和效度,但领域的信度系数偏低,应进一步研究用于精神分裂症和抑郁症患者生命质量测定的适用性量表.     

Attempted auto-enucleation in two incarcerated young men with psychosis

Auto-enucleation is a sign of untreated psychosis. We describe two patients who presented with attempted auto-enucleation while being incarcerated. This is an observation two-case series of two young men who suffered untreated psychosis while being incarcerated. These young men showed severe self-inflicted ocular trauma during episodes of untreated psychosis. Injuries included orbital bone fracture and dehiscence of the lateral rectus in one patient and severe retinal hemorrhage and partial optic nerve avulsion in the second patient. Auto-enucleation is a severe symptom of untreated psychosis. This urgent finding can occur in a jail setting in which psychiatric care may be minimal.     

Nicotinic ligands as multifunctional agents for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders

The challenges associated with developing more effective treatments for neurologic and psychiatric illness such as Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia are considerable. Both the symptoms and the pathophysiology of these conditions are complex and poorly understood and the clinical presentations across different patients can be very heterogeneous. Moreover, it has become apparent that the reductionist approach to drug discovery for these illnesses that has dominated the field for decades (i.e., the development of highly selective compounds or other treatment modalities focused on a very specific pathophysiologic target) has not been widely successful. Accordingly, a variety of new strategies have emerged including the development of “multitarget-directed ligands” (MTDLs), the development and/or identification of compounds that exhibit “multifunctional” activity (e.g., pro-cognitive plus neuroprotective, pro-cognitive plus antipsychotic activity), “repurposing” strategies for existing compounds that have other clinical indications, and novel “adjunctive” treatment strategies that might enhance the efficacy of the currently available treatments. Interestingly, a variety of ligands at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) appear to have the potential to fulfill one or more of these desirable properties (i.e., multifunctional, repurposing, or adjunctive treatment potential). The purpose of this review (while not all-inclusive) is to provide an overview of a variety of nAChR ligands that demonstrate potential in these categories, particularly, “multifunctional” properties. Due to their densities in the mammalian brain and the amount of literature available, the review will focus on ligands of the high affinity α4β2 nAChR and the low affinity α7 nAChR.     

贵州部分地区精神分裂症患者血清PBMC博尔纳病病毒CIC及抗体的检测

目的对贵州省部分地区精神分裂症患者血清外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)进行检测,探讨博尔纳病病毒(BDV)感染与精神分裂症的相关性;方法运用新型的三联ELISA测循环免疫复合物(CIC)的方法,检测97例精神分裂症患者组及48例健康对照组PBMC中BDV特异性CIC;结果 97例精神分裂症组中有24例CIC为阳性,阳性率为24.7%(24/97);抗体检出率为14.4%(14/97),48例对照组中CIC及抗体阳性1例,阳性率为2.1%(1/48);精神分裂症组检出率高于健康对照对照组,具有统计学意义(P<0.05);结论贵州省部分地区存在着BDV的感染,BDV感染与精神分裂症可能相关。