PDCA循环法在提升新生儿血培养质量中应用研究

目的:探讨PDCA循环法在提升新生儿血培养质量中应用效果。方法:选择2017年10月—2019年9月于我院收治的新生儿2 640例作为观察对象,合计留取(共送检)2 893次血培养标本,其中2017年10月—2018年9月于我院收治的新生儿1 236例,合计留取1 376次血培养标本为PDCA循环法实施前,2018年10月—2019年9月于我院收治的新生儿1 404例,合计留取1 517次血培养标本为PDCA循环法实施后。本科室有36名护理人员,比较PDCA循环法实施前后护理人员血培养知识知晓率、采集规范率以及血培养假阳性率。结果:PDCA循环法实施后护士血培养知识知晓率(94.44%)高于实施前(66.67%),血培养采集规范率(91.67%)高于实施前(63.89%),血培养假阳性率(1.25%)低于实施前(2.25%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:PDCA循环法能有效提升新生儿血培养质量,提高护理人员血培养知晓率和规范率,降低血培养假阳性率,值得临床推广使用。     

下生殖道感染与子宫颈细胞学异常的相关性研究

Objective?To study the association between abnormal cervical cytology and bacterial vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis(VVC), trichomonas vaginitis(TV), high-risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV) infection in women attending cervical cancer screening. Methods?The study recruited 3 300 women aged 21 to 64 years of age who participated in cervical cancer screening. Demographic information was collected. Cervical exfoliated cell specimens were collected for liquid-based cytological diagnosis and HR-HPV detection. Reproductive tract secretions specimens were collected for molecular vaginitis diagnostics from women who were diagnosed with negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy(NILM) and all HR-HPV positive or ≥atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance(ASC-US). The Logistic multivariate model was used to analyze the risk factors of abnormal cervical cytology. Results?645 women were included in the study, including 408 NILM, 182 ASC-US, 23 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), and 32 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). The positive rate of HR-HPV (14.7%, 39.0%, 78.3% and 87.5%) increased with the severity of cytology (P<0.001). The prevalence of BV in different cytological diagnosis (34.1%, 49.5%, 60.9% and 43.8%) were significantly different (P<0.001), and the prevalence of BV in ASC-US were significantly higher than that in women with NILM (P<0.05). The prevalence of VVC in different cytological diagnosis (14.2%, 4.9%, 8.7% and 3.1%) was significantly different (P<0.01), and the ASC-US group was significantly lower than the NILM group (P<0.001). There was also a significant difference in the distribution of the prevalence of TV (2.5%, 9.3%, 4.3%, and 6.3%, P<0.01). The prevalence of TV in women with abnormal cytology was higher than that in women with normal cytology(P<0.05). The Logistic analysis showed that HR-HPV infection, BV, TV, VVC, lower level of education, and postmenopause were related to abnormal cervical cytology. Conclusion?HR-HPV infection is the determinant of abnormal cervical cytology. BV, TV, VVC, lower level of education, postmenopause, etc. may associate with abnormal cervical cytology.     

老老年难治性高血压应用不同治疗方法的疗效及安全性对比

目的对比分析不同治疗方法治疗老老年难治性高血压的疗效及安全性。方法选择235例老老年难治性高血压患者,按数字随机分成三组,A组(76例)采用左旋氨氯地平+美托洛尔+厄贝沙坦+氢氯噻嗪治疗,B组(81例)采用卡维地洛+吲达帕胺治疗;C组(78例)采用卡维地洛+螺内酯治疗,在治疗0、2、4、8、12 w后观察各组疗效、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)及不良反应发生情况,并在治疗前后,检测各组的生化指标、左心室射血分数(LVEF)和左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)的变化。结果经过2、4、8、12 w治疗后,A组总有效率分别为48.68%、71.05%、73.68%、76.32%,呈现上升趋势,但在第4周后上升趋势不明显;而B组总有效率分别为51.85%、53.09%、55.56%、46.91%,C组总有效率分别为48.72%、52.56%、55.13%、47.44%,B组和C组总有效率在缓慢地上升,但在12 w出现下降。在第4、8、12 w疗效对比中,A组总有效率均明显大于同期的B组和C组(P0.05),B组与C组之间无显著差异(P0.05)。经过治疗后,三组的SBP、DBP变化均出现明显下降趋势,但A组的在治疗2 w下降幅度比较大,之后一直在平稳地下降,而B组和C组在治疗2 w下降幅度也比较大,但在治疗4 w后出现小幅度的反弹,之后处于平稳状态,在治疗第8周和地12周,A组与B组和C组的SBP、DBP及PP均具有明显差异(P0.05)。在经过治疗后,三组均出现不同程度的不良症状:头晕、恶心、心悸、乏力,均属于轻微,A组的不良反应发生率均小于B组和C组,但三组之间不良反应发生率无明显差异(P0.05)。结论左旋氨氯地平、美托洛尔、厄贝沙坦及氢氯噻嗪联合用药更有效地治疗老老年难治性高血压,降压持续性有效,安全可靠性强。     

血清白蛋白水平评价慢性心力衰竭患者心脏再同步化治疗的初步探讨

目的:利用血清白蛋白(ALB)水平评估慢性心力衰竭(心衰)患者心脏再同步化治疗(CRT)的疗效。方法:选择2009-01至2013-12于我院行CRT的慢性心衰患者27例(CRT组),同时连续选取药物治疗的慢性心衰患者27例(对照组)。分组后所有患者进行血液生化指标的检测、体表心电图、24 h动态心电图和超声心动图检查,记录血清白蛋白(ALB冰平、心率、心电图QRS波时限、左心室舒张末期内径(LVED)及左心室射血分数(LVEF),检测结果作为入院时基础值;定期随访,随访期间重复上述检查2~3次,取均值。结果:两组患者在分组时年龄、性别等一般资料差异无统计学意义。随访时CRT组ALB、LVEF较入院时基础值升高(P0.05),心率下降(P0.001),QRS波时限缩短(P0.001),LVED变化不明显;对照组ALB较入院时基础值下降(P0.05),LVEF、LVED、QRS波时限、心率无明显变化,对CRT组P0.05的指标即LVEF、QRS时限、血清ALB水平进行逐步Logistic回归分析,筛选出血清ALB水平是CRT疗效最为相关的指标(P0.01)。结论:CRT可以改善心室收缩功能,提高慢性心衰患者血清白蛋白水平,推测血清ALB水平与CRT疗效具有一定相关性。     

F导联心电图左束支阻滞并左心室肥厚九例读析

目的 F导联心电图诊断完全性左束支阻滞并左心室肥厚标准的探讨。方法回顾性对健康查体人群的完全性左束支阻滞并左心室肥厚9例读析。结果 F导联心电图完全性左束支阻滞在肢体导联上呈宽大R波,而且高到低的变化,从肢体导联既能判定,并左室肥大诊断QRS时限≥150 ms,SV1、V23.0 mV即可确诊。结论 F导联心电图诊断能更早判定完全性左束支阻滞并左心室肥厚而且更直观。     

假饲联合早进食半流质饮食对改善妇科腹腔镜术后患者营养状况的影响

目的探讨假饲(咀嚼口香糖)联合早进食半流质饮食对妇科腹腔镜术后患者营养的影响。方法将234例妇科腹腔镜手术患者,按随机数字表分为咀嚼组78例、半流食组77例和流食组79例。流食组患者按传统方法于术后6h进食流质,肛门排气后进食半流质,排便后进普通饮食;半流食组患者于术后6h进食半流质,排便后进普通饮食;咀嚼组患者麻醉清醒后开始咀嚼无糖口香糖,其余同半流食组。比较3组患者术后1d的血钾值和术后2d的血清视黄醇结合蛋白值。结果咀嚼组与半流食组患者术后2d视黄醇结合蛋白值高于流食组,比较差异均有统计学意义,咀嚼组优于半流食组,比较差异有统计学意义;咀嚼组与半流食组患者术后1d低钾血症发生率低于流食组,比较差异有统计学意义,但咀嚼组与半流食组组间比较差异无统计学意义。结论妇科腹腔镜术后患者给予假饲联合早进食半流质饮食可改善患者的营养状况,降低术后低钾血症的发生。