Adolescent stigma towards drug addiction: Effects of age and drug use behaviour

The objective of this study was to examine adolescent age and experience with drug use on stigmatizing attitudes toward drug addiction. Data were derived from the  2005 cycle of the Ontario Student Drug Use Survey. In total, 4078, 7- to 12-graders completed self-administered questionnaires that included a measure of drug abuse stigma. Results indicated that stigma scores were higher among younger than older adolescents, and the decline across age was robust, occurring among both males and females and those from rural and non-rural areas. The decline, however, was stronger among non-drug users and among those who had no close friends that use drugs. Despite the age-related decline, the level of stigma in general suggested that drug abuse stigma may continue into adulthood. Findings highlight that individual attitudes toward drug use and drug abusers are salient factors for personal drug use. Given that stigma is a barrier to treatment, but reduced stigma may encourage greater adolescent use, this study highlights the need for more in-depth studies of drug stigma.     

Combining education and video-based contact to reduce stigma of mental illness: “The Same or Not the Same” anti-stigma program for secondary schools in Hong Kong

This study examined the effects of three versions of school-based stigma reduction programs against mental illness – education, education followed by video-based contact (education–video), and video-based contact followed by education (video–education). The participants, 255 students from three secondary schools in Hong Kong, completed measures of stigmatizing attitudes (Public Stigma Scale), social distance (Social Distance Scale), and knowledge about schizophrenia (Knowledge Test) at pre-test, post-test, and 1-month follow-up. Results suggested that adding video-based contact to education could significantly improve program effectiveness only when video-based contact was presented after but not prior to education. In comparison with the education condition, the education–video condition showed larger improvements in stigmatizing attitudes at post-test, in social distance at both post-test and follow-up, and in knowledge at follow-up. However, such differences were not observed when the education condition was compared with the video–education condition. Implications of these findings for future research are discussed.     

精神疾病病耻感研究进展

本文对近年来国内学者对精神疾病病耻感的研究涉及不同人群、测评工具、公众态度、病耻感现状分析、相关影响因素及干预措施等研究现状进行了总结,旨在为深入研究精神疾病患者病耻感的影响因素及干预方法等提供依据。     

Ambiguity and judgments of obese individuals: No news could be bad news

Stigmatization towards obese individuals has not decreased despite the increasing prevalence of obesity. Nonetheless, stigmatization remains difficult to study, given concerns about social desirability. To address this issue, this study used paired comparisons and cluster analysis to examine how undergraduates (n = 189) categorized scenarios describing the health-related behaviors of obese individuals. The cluster analysis found that the scenarios were categorized into two distinct clusters. The first cluster included all scenarios with health behaviors indicating high responsibility for body weight. These individuals were perceived as unattractive, lazy, less likeable, less disciplined, and more deserving of their condition compared to individuals in the second cluster, which included all scenarios with health behaviors indicating low responsibility for body weight. Four scenarios depicted obese individuals with ambiguous information regarding health behaviors; three out of these four individuals were categorized in the high-responsibility cluster. These findings suggested that participants viewed these individuals as negatively as those who were responsible for their condition. These results have practical implications for reducing obesity bias, as the etiology of obesity is typically not known in real-life situations.     

Tackling stigma associated with intellectual disability among the general public: A study of two indirect contact interventions

Although evidence abounds that people with intellectual disabilities are exposed to stigma and discrimination, few interventions have attempted to tackle stigma among the general public. This study set out to assess the impact of two brief indirect contact interventions on lay people's inclusion attitudes, social distance and positive behavioral intentions, and to explore emotional reactions towards the two interventions. 925 participants completed the first online survey. Participants were randomized to watch either a 10 min film based on intergroup contact theory, or a film based on a protest message. In total, 403 participants completed the follow-up survey at one month. Both interventions were effective at changing inclusion attitudes and social distance in the short term and these effects were partially maintained at one month. The protest based intervention had a greater effect compared to the contact one on aspects of inclusion attitudes and evoked stronger emotional reactions. Despite small effect sizes, brief indirect contact interventions may have a potential role in tackling public stigma associated with intellectual disability but their effects on behavioral intentions are questionable.     

Handicap visible : de la reconnaissance du stigmate et du déni de déviance à la revendication de droits

This article brings new insight into the relationship between disability studies and the sociology of handicap as “deviance” and “stigma”. Disability studies grew up in a tight connection with the disability rights movement, but one of their roots was the new way of conceiving delinquency, addiction, madness, homosexuality, and handicap, which emerged in the 1960s. Eliot Freidson (1966) shifted the attention from the “disabled”, treated as patients to rehabilitate, to “handicap makers”. The relevant question was then: which are the professional jurisdictions of specialists appointed to “cure” disabled people? In which organizational arenas is disability institutionalized as a problem to be solved? Fred Davis (1961), for his part, explored another dimension, closer to Erving Goffman (1963): how are stigma co-produced, reified, or denied in encounter situations between people with and without disabilities? More specifically, how is the “visible handicap” handled in such face-to-face interactions? A third way has been worked by John Kitsuse in 1980 with his concept of “tertiary deviance.” In line with the 1960s sociology of deviance as “secondary deviation”, this concept of “tertiary deviance” recognizes the ability of persons with disabilities to act, to claim rights, to invent collective identities, and to experience and create new life ecologies.     

Exploring HIV-related stigma among HIV-infected men who have sex with men in Beijing,China: a correlation study

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related stigma among HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) has been associated with adverse health outcomes, including poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy and care, and increased participation in behaviors linked to higher rates of HIV transmission. In China, the incidence of HIV is growing more rapidly among MSM than among other subgroups. This study characterizes and quantifies HIV stigma among HIV-infected MSM in Beijing, China, which arguably may be driving this epidemic. A cross-sectional survey study was performed among 266 HIV-positive MSM in Beijing, China, in 2014. The Berger HIV Stigma Scale was used to measure levels of HIV-related stigma. Participants additionally answered questions regarding socio-demographic characteristics and HIV-associated risk factors; previously validated Mandarin-language scales assessed depression, coping style, and social support networks. Multivariable linear regression models were used to identify variables significantly associated with HIV stigma. The mean overall HIV stigma score among the study population was 112.78?±?18.11 (score range: 40–160). Higher HIV stigma scores were positively associated with depression (β?=?7.99, 95% CI:3.69, 12.29, p?β?=?0.64, 95% CI:0.21,1.08, p?β?=??6.45, 95%CI:?11.80, ?1.11, p?β?=??0.12, 95%CI:?0.22, ?0.02, p?相似文献   

叙事疗法对永久性肠造口患者病耻感影响的研究

目的 评价叙事疗法对永久性肠造口患者病耻感的影响。 方法 选取2018年4月—11月在某三级甲等医院胃肠外科、结直肠肛门外科行腹会阴联合直肠癌根治术的47例患者,通过一对一、面对面或视频通话的形式,对患者进行每周1次、每次30~45 min、共8次的叙事疗法;采用社会影响量表和造口适应量表评价干预前后的效果。 结果 出院前1 d、干预结束、干预结束后1个月,患者社会影响量表得分分别为（59.64±6.62）分、（53.87±8.78）分、（47.98±8.47）分,不同时间点病耻感差异有统计学意义（F=179.078,P<0.001）;造口适应量表得分分别为（40.49±7.13）分、（45.68±6.87）分、（46.70±7.11）分,不同时间点社会心理适应水平差异有统计学意义（校正后F=75.295,P<0.001）。 结论 叙事疗法有助于降低永久性肠造口患者的病耻感并提高其社会心理适应水平。     

HIV感染者和AIDS患者病耻感的研究进展

从HIV感染者和艾滋病患者病耻感的测评工具、影响因素以及干预措施3个方面进行综述,旨在通过理论依据的总结,以期促进病耻感临床相关干预措施的实施。