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51.
目的通过对老年轻度认知障碍患者综合干预的效果分析,评价综合干预方案的有效性。方法采用随机对照试验方法,将目标社区MCI患者(130例)随机分为干预组(65例)和对照组(65例),对干预组采取认知干预和体力活动相结合的方法进行综合干预。结果干预组和对照组分别在干预前后3个月比较,差别都有统计学意义(各自P〈0.05);两组分别在干预后3个月与6个月比较,差别都有统计学意义(各自P〈0.05)。结论认知干预和体育锻炼有益于维持或改善老年人的认知状况,并能给老年人的生活态度和精神状态产生积极的影响。 相似文献
52.
53.
目的探讨个案追踪法在护士长夜查房的应用效果。方法根据追踪方法学的个案追踪法设计了护士长夜查房追踪检查表,在夜查房中,对全院65个护理单元按照相关要求来选择患者进行护理质量检查,分析追踪法实施前(2012年6-12月)220例住院病人和实施后(2013年1月-2014年3月)267例住院病人的各项护理相关指标,全面调查护理环节和制度落实情况。结果追踪法实施前后比较,在患者安全目标中,危急值上报及处理更加及时(P0.05),病区普通药品管理更为规范(P0.05),护理文书书写合格率有所提高(P0.01),降低了护理潜在风险;而患者跌倒、压疮发生、管道管理、病区急救药品合格率、病区管理合格率、健康教育合格率及危重、一级护理合格率在追踪检查法实施前后比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论个案追踪法是护理安全管理改进、提升护理品质的有效工具,在护士长夜查房中应用效果较好,可进一步观察证实。 相似文献
54.
《Vaccine》2019,37(28):3668-3676
BackgroundIn response to a cholera outbreak among mobile, difficult-to-reach fishermen on Lake Chilwa, Malawi in 2016, a novel vaccine distribution strategy exploited the proven vaccine thermostability. Fishermen, while taking the first vaccine dose under supervision, received the second dose in a sealed bag, and were told to drink it two weeks later. This study assessed short-term vaccine protection of this strategy.MethodsPatients with diarrhoea admitted to health facilities around lake were interviewed and a stool sample collected for PCR testing. Vaccine effectiveness was assessed in a case-control test-negative design by comparing cases (PCR-positive for V. cholerae O1) and controls (patients with diarrhoea but PCR-negative) and with the screening method that compared the proportions of vaccinated among cholera cases versus the general fishermen population.ResultsOf 145 study participants, 120 were fishermen living on the lake. Vaccine effectiveness at three-months was 90.0% [95% CI: 38.8; 98.4] among fishermen and 83.3% [95% CI: 20.8; 96.5] among all participants in the case-control test-negative design, and 97.5% [95% CI: 90.9; 99.3] with the screening method.ConclusionThis strategy was effective in providing short-term protection in fishermen against cholera. Further research is needed to determine the adding value of the second dose and to identify the optimal vaccination strategies for different contexts. 相似文献
55.
《Vaccine》2019,37(36):5422-5427
BackgroundPostherpetic neuralgia (PHN) occurs in 5–30% of individuals with herpes zoster (HZ) and is characterized by long-lasting pain. Zoster vaccine live (ZVL) is licensed for people 50 years and older to prevent HZ and PHN. This study evaluated vaccine effectiveness (VE) of ZVL against PHN.MethodsWe conducted an open cohort study within Kaiser Permanente Northern California with continuous accrual of people as they became age-eligible for ZVL. We defined PHN using a PHN diagnosis between 90 and 365 days after an incident episode of HZ. We estimated VE against PHN using Cox regression with a calendar timeline stratified by year of birth and adjusted for sex, race, influenza vaccination, outpatient visit frequency, comorbidities, and immune compromise status.ResultsFrom 2007 to 2016, 1·5 million people entered the study population and 33% received ZVL. During 7·6 million person-years of follow-up, there were 62,205 HZ cases, 4150 (6·7%) of which went on to develop PHN. Overall VE for PHN was 64·8% (95% CI 61·3, 68). VE was 82·8% (95% CI 77·6, 86·7) during the first year after vaccination, 58·3% (95% CI 50.1, 65.2) during the third year, and then waned more gradually to 48·7% (95% CI 30·2, 62·3) during the eighth year. VE in persons vaccinated when aged 80 years or older was similar to VE in younger vaccinees. VE in persons vaccinated when immune compromised was similar to VE in immune competent.ConclusionsOverall, ZVL was 65% effective against PHN. It was effective in all age groups and provided moderate protection through 8 years. 相似文献
56.
《Vaccine》2019,37(43):6310-6316
BackgroundSerotype 3 pneumococcal disease has not substantially declined at the population level after the routine introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) into pediatric immunization programs across the globe. This epidemiological finding has generated debate regarding the effectiveness of PCV13 against serotype 3 disease. Evaluating PCV13 effectiveness against serotype 3 is especially critical in adults, where serotype 3 makes up an important amount of remaining pneumococcal disease.MethodsWe performed a systematic review of the published literature to assess the direct effectiveness of PCV13 against serotype 3 community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) among adults. We then estimated overall vaccine effectiveness (VE) using a pooled analysis of the individual-level, raw data.ResultsTwo published studies met inclusion criteria. One was a randomized controlled trial conducted in the Netherlands and published in 2014. The other was a recently-published case-control study conducted in Louisville, Kentucky that used a test-negative design (TND). We also identified a third TND study conducted in Argentina that was recently presented as a conference abstract but is not yet published. All three studies were conducted in adults aged ≥65 years. PCV13 VE against serotype 3 hospitalized CAP was 52.5% (95%CI: 6.2–75.9%) from the pooled analysis of individual-level data from all three studies. Results were similar if the unpublished estimate was excluded (serotype 3 VE = 53.6% [95%CI: 6.7–76.9%]). No heterogeneity was observed.ConclusionsCurrently-available evidence, although limited to three studies, suggests that PCV13 provides direct protection against serotype 3 hospitalized CAP in adults aged ≥65 years. 相似文献
57.
Rena C. Moon Vincent Kirkpatrick Lori Gaskins Andre F. Teixeira Muhammad A. Jawad 《Surgery for obesity and related diseases》2019,15(2):245-252
Background
Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (DS) is known to be superior in weight loss to other bariatric procedures, but with the disadvantage of increased complication rates. Single-anastomosis duodenal-ileal bypass (SADI-S) is reported to have similar weight loss with lower complication rates compared with traditional DS.Objectives
The aim of this study was to compare weight loss and complication rate between SADI-S and double-anastomosis DS at a single institution.Setting
Academic hospital, United States.Methods
A retrospective chart review was performed on 185 patients who underwent laparoscopic or robot-assisted laparoscopic DS between March 1, 2015 and December 10, 2017. A total of 111 patients had SADI-S, and 74 patients underwent double-anastomosis DS.Results
Baseline patient characteristics were comparable between the 2 groups. The mean preoperative body mass index was 56.3 kg/m2 and 54.4 kg/m2 in SADI-S and double-anastomosis DS patients, respectively. Thirteen (11.7%) and 4 (5.4%) patients were readmitted within 30 days after SADI-S and double-anastomosis DS, respectively (P?=?.16). Percentage of total weight loss was 22.0%, 38.5%, and 44.2% in the SADI-S group and 20.2%, 38.0%, and 48.4% in the double-anastomosis DS group at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. The majority of patients had vitamin A and E levels in the normal range. However, 40% to 60% of the patients had low levels of vitamin D after the procedure.Conclusions
SADI-S and double-anastomosis DS are comparable in terms of weight loss and complication rate. However, close nutritional follow-up is warranted for both procedures. 相似文献58.
Evidence for the effectiveness of psychological therapies for anorexia nervosa (AN) is inconsistent. There have been no systematic reviews solely on the effectiveness for Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for AN. This review aimed to synthesise and appraise the recent evidence for CBT as a treatment for AN. Using specific search criteria, 16 relevant articles were identified which evaluated CBT alone or as part of a broader randomised/non-randomised trial. Various formats of CBT were utilised in the reviewed papers. Studies were evaluated using established quality criteria. 相似文献
59.
《Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma & Leukemia》2017,17(9):595-603
BackgroundTumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a life-threatening disorder that occurs mainly in patients with high-tumor burden hemato-oncologic malignancies. It results in metabolic derangements, including hyperuricemia and acute renal failure. The powerful management for TLS is a daily dose of rasburicase for up to 5 days before chemotherapy; however, the optimal dose and duration of rasburicase for TLS prophylaxis have not been standardized for patients at high risk for TLS. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of single-dose rasburicase for prophylactic purposes in patients with malignant lymphoma at high risk for TLS.Patients and MaterialsWe retrospectively evaluated patients with malignant lymphoma at high risk for TLS treated with a prophylactic single-dose of rasburicase (0.1-0.2 mg/kg) from March 2012 to March 2016.ResultsA total of 67 patients treated with a single-dose of rasburicase for prophylaxis were analyzed. A relatively large number of patients (n = 23; 34.3%) had the highly proliferative lymphoblastic lymphoma subtype (n = 14) or Burkitt lymphoma (n = 9) and were at the highest risks of tumor lysis. Two patients were newly diagnosed with TLS; the incidence of TLS after single-dose prophylaxis was 3.0%. Multivariate analysis revealed no predictable risk factors for response to prophylactic rasburicase, though increased level of serum creatinine approached statistical significance in reducing the efficacy of single-dose rasburicase to prevent TLS (odds ratio, 3.61; P = .054).ConclusionOur data indicated that single-dose rasburicase effectively prevented progression of TLS, and, regardless of any risk factors, including increased creatinine, single-dose rasburicase for TLS prophylaxis was useful in patients with lymphoma at a high risk for TLS. 相似文献
60.
BackgroundThe aim of this article is to summarize and critically evaluate the evidence from systematic reviews (SRs) of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for lowering blood lipid levels (BLL).MethodsEight electronic databases were searched until March 2016. Additionally, all the retrieved references were inspected manually for further relevant papers. Systematic reviews were considered eligible, if they included patients of any age and/or gender with elevated blood lipid levels using any type of CAM. We used the Oxman and AMSTAR criteria to critically appraise the methodological quality of the included SRs.ResultsTwenty-seven SRs were included in the analyses. The majority of the SRs were of high methodological quality (mean Oxman score = 4.81, SD = 4.88; and the mean AMSTAR score = 7.22, SD = 3.38). The majority of SRs (56%) arrived at equivocal conclusions (of these 8 were of high quality); 7 SRs (37%) arrived at positive conclusions (of these 6 were of high quality), and 2 (7%) arrived at negative conclusions (both were of high quality). There was conflicting evidence regarding the effectiveness of garlic; and promising evidence for yoga.ConclusionsTo conclude, the evidence from SRs evaluating the effectiveness of CAM in lowering BLL is predominantly equivocal and confusing. Several limitations exist, such as variety of doses and preparations, confounding effects of diets and lifestyle factors, or heterogeneity of the primary trials among others. 相似文献