一侧下颌角受力对双侧关节盘及髁突软骨的影响

目的:利用三维有限元分析法,从生物力学角度探讨一侧下颌角受力瞬间双侧颞下颌关节(TMJ)关节盘及髁突软骨的相应变化及其与临床实际的关系。方法:建立下颌骨和TMJ共5个不同开口度(闭口位及1、2、3、4cm开口位)的三维有限元数字模型;于左侧下颌角下缘向上,施以与眶耳平面垂直的1000N压力。获取受力后双侧关节盘和髁突软骨产生的平均主应力的分布及其峰值大小。结果:(1)闭口位时,双侧关节盘和髁突软骨的平均主应力(EQV应力)峰值明显较小;(2)在不同开口位,关节盘EQV应力峰值多位于后带,髁突软骨则多位于前斜面;(3)关节盘EQV应力峰值始终是左侧大于右侧,而髁突软骨在闭口位及1、4cm开口位时左侧EQV应力峰值大于右侧,2、3cm开口位时则是右侧大于左侧;(4)双侧关节盘和髁突软骨的EQV应力峰值出现的部位基本对称。结论:(1)本组模型较精确地反映了实物,并且实验结果与临床实际相接近,解决了以往实验中遇到的一些问题,为TMJ的生物力学研究提供了新的途径。(2)稳定的咬合关系可以明显减小TMJ的间接损伤。(3)关节盘后带病变及髁突器质性病变可能由下颌骨一次性暴力创伤后造成的TMJ间接损伤引起;受力侧关节盘比对侧更易受损伤,而双侧髁突软骨都有受到严重损伤的可能。     

Effects of growth factors and glucosamine on porcine mandibular condylar cartilage cells and hyaline cartilage cells for tissue engineering applications

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) condylar cartilage is a distinct cartilage that has both fibrocartilaginous and hyaline-like character, with a thin proliferative zone that separates the fibrocartilaginous fibrous zone at the surface from the hyaline-like mature and hypertrophic zones below. In this study, we compared the effects of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1), and glucosamine sulphate on porcine TMJ condylar cartilage and ankle cartilage cells in monolayer culture. In general, TMJ condylar cartilage cells proliferated faster than ankle cartilage cells, while ankle cells produced significantly greater amounts of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and collagen than TMJ condylar cartilage cells. IGF-I and bFGF were potent stimulators of TMJ cell proliferation, while no signals statistically outperformed controls for ankle cell proliferation. IGF-I was the most effective signal for GAG production with ankle cells, and the most potent upregulator of collagen synthesis for both cell types. Glucosamine sulphate promoted cell proliferation and biosynthesis at specific concentrations and outperformed growth factors in certain instances. In conclusion, hyaline cartilage cells had lower cell numbers and superior biosynthesis compared to TMJ condylar cartilage cells, and we have found IGF-I at 100 ng/mL and glucosamine sulphate at 100 μg/mL to be the most effective signals for these cells under the prescribed conditions.     

骨关节炎疾病改善型药物研究进展

骨关节炎（OA）是一种常见的慢性关节疾病,主要的病理改变为关节软骨的退化和继发性骨质增生。现有的药物治疗方式存在明显的局限性,仅从镇痛角度治疗或行关节置换术,二者均不能从根本上改善关节软骨的病变。因此,抑制OA疾病进展的药物（DMOAD）应运而生。DMOAD通过参与调节软骨代谢平衡、参与软骨下骨重塑和控制局部炎症等机制从根本上抑制关节软骨结构性退变,从而使OA患者得到疼痛及功能的症状改善,延缓做人工关节置换术的时间,提高患者生活质量。目前全球范围内尚无DMOAD类药物上市,本文从DMOAD药物的研发背景、作用机制以及各类机制下在研代表药物的研发进展进行综述,为今后的研究提供参考。     

一体化耳软骨支架在鼻整形术中的应用

正短鼻、鼻尖低下是影响东方人鼻部外形的主要问题,而鼻尖整形一直是鼻整形术的难题之一~([1])。目前在临床上运用较多的鼻整形术中,塑造鼻尖的自体软骨支架有鼻中隔软骨、耳软骨、肋软骨~([2]),本文探究一体化耳软骨支架在鼻综合整形术中的临床运用。     

MRI T1ρ在骨关节炎软骨退变诊断和治疗中的进展

骨关节炎的早期发生与关节软骨生化性质的改变有关。因此关节软骨的评估是骨关节炎诊断、治疗中的关键环节。MRI是临床常用的影像学检查手段,在骨关节炎的诊断和治疗中起重要作用。MRI T1ρ是一种新型定量磁共振序列,它利用自旋锁定技术定量研究关节软骨的理化成分改变,对关节软骨病变的早期诊断、干预、评估起着重要作用。本文将介绍MRI T1ρ的基本原理及其在骨关节炎诊断和治疗中的作用,并与其他定量磁共振技术进行比较;同时对近年来MRI T1ρ在关节修复治疗中的应用进行综述。     

帕金森病患者血清人软骨糖蛋白39水平的改变及其与病情和认知功能的相关性

目的探讨帕金森病(PD)患者血清人软骨糖蛋白39(YKL-40)水平的改变及其与病情和认知功能的相关性。方法用ELISA法给63例PD患者和60名正常对照者进行血清YKL-40水平检测,以及蒙特利尔认知评估(Mo CA)量表评分。并给PD患者进行统一PD评定量表(UPDRS)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ评分,评定病情。对PD患者的血清YKL-40水平与UPDRSⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ评分、病程及Mo CA量表进行相关性分析。结果 PD组的血清YKL-40水平[(3.717±0.1015)ng/ml]明显高于正常对照组[(2.919±0.1827)ng/ml](P0.001)。PD患者的血清YKL-40水平与UPDRSⅠ无相关性(r=0.21,P0.05),与UPDRSⅡ、Ⅲ评分呈正相关(r=0.9251,r=0.7767;均P0.0001),与PD患者的病程亦呈正相关(r=0.4323,P0.01),与Mo CA量表评分呈负相关(r=-0.6985,P0.0001)。结论 PD患者的血清YKL-40水平显著增高,并与病情和认知功能密切相关。YKL-40可成为PD诊断和病情判断的生物学指标。     

以鼻中隔软骨为鼻小柱支撑移植物在鼻尖整形中的应用

目的:探讨以鼻中隔软骨为鼻小柱支撑移植物在东方人鼻尖整形中的应用。方法:在50例鼻尖整形患者中,均以鼻中隔软骨为鼻小柱支撑移植物,使用固定悬浮型移植27例,延伸型移植13例,鼻中隔延伸型移植10例。结果:除1例因术后鼻尖突出度不足,经二次手术纠正外,余49例鼻尖成形良好,患者对手术效果满意。结论:根据不同情况,以鼻中隔软骨的不同植入形式进行鼻小柱支撑移植是鼻尖整形中一项良好的手术技术。     

痹祺胶囊联合西药治疗膝骨性关节炎的临床效果

目的：探讨痹祺胶囊联合西药治疗膝骨性关节炎的临床效果。方法：选取2018年2月至2021年1月亳州市中医院骨科接受治疗的膝骨性关节炎患者104例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组52例。对照组采用西药综合治疗。观察组在对照组西药治疗基础上给予痹祺胶囊治疗。比较2组的疗效、膝关节症状评分、生命质量（SF-36）评分、视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分、骨关节炎指数（WOMAC）评分、环氧化酶-2（COX-2）、软骨寡聚基质蛋白（COMP）、基质金属蛋白酶-2（MMP-2）、基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）、复发率及不良反应发生率。结果：观察组的治疗效果好于对照组;2组在治疗后的膝关节症状评分、VAS、WOMAC、COX-2、COMP、MMP-2、MMP-9均降低,SF-36评分均增高,观察组的膝关节症状评分、VAS、WOMAC、COX-2、COMP、MMP-2、MMP-9均低于对照组,SF-36评分高于对照组;观察组患者完成治疗后3个月的复发率低于对照组（均P<0.05）。2组的不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：采取西药联合治疗的基础上添加痹祺胶囊,可进一步促进膝骨性关节炎患者症状的改善,提升生命质量,改善多种血清相关指标,降低复发率,安全性良好。     

FDG PET-CT combined with TBNA for the diagnosis of atypical relapsing polychondritis: report of 2 cases and a literature review

Objective

To explore the value of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG PET-CT) combined with transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) in diagnosing atypical relapsing polychondritis (RP).

Methods

Data from two patients with atypical RP, which had been diagnosed in our hospital using FDG PET-CT combined with TBNA, were retrospectively analyzed. A review of the relevant literature was also performed.

Results

Consistent with the previously reported 20 cases of RP that had been diagnosed using FDG PET-CT, the two patients in the present study showed the involvement of multiple organs, including the nose, throat, trachea, bronchi, costicartilage and joint cartilages, and increased FDG uptake was found in these areas. The mean value of SUVmax was 5.14. PET-CT revealed that 86.4% of the patients with RP had airway involvement. TBNA technique was used for biopsy of the hypermetabolic lesions, and pathologic examinations confirmed the diagnosis of RP. The time to diagnosis in these two patients and the 20 cases reported previously was about 6.9 months, significantly shorter than the average diagnosis time (20 months).

Conclusions

FDG PET-CT has several advantages for diagnosing RP, especially atypical RP. TBNA is a minimally invasive and safe technique for obtaining airway cartilage. Combining PET-CT with TBNA may play an important role in shortening the time to diagnosis in patients with RP involvement of airway.     

骨缺损修复机制探讨

目的通过引导性骨再生和组织工程软骨移植研究长骨骨缺损的修复机制。方法实验组在几丁质纤维载体上增殖21d的新生兔关节-干骺端复合物的软骨细胞(含载体)被装入硅胶管内,移植到成年兔桡骨干1cm的缺损上,对照组骨缺损处仅套接空套管。结果实验组术后4周时3例移植的软骨细胞在骨缺损内均形成软骨样组织,术后16周时9例中仅2例缺损愈合。对照组术后16周时9例(空套管)均骨性愈合。新生兔四肢关节-干骺端软骨细胞移植到同种成年兔桡骨缺损区后未修复骨缺损,未再现软骨内化骨过程。同时移植物可能因为占据空间、防止骨髓的成骨成分进入等原因中断了骨缺损修复过程。结论骨缺损的修复可能是先由骨膜增生形成成骨空间,然后由骨髓成分成骨,也就是一个在骨膜保护下的骨髓作用为主的天然的引导性骨再生过程。