延迟增强MRI评估基质诱导自体膝关节软骨移植术效果

目的 探讨延迟增强MRI对基质诱导自体膝关节软骨移植术的临床评估效果.方法 随机选取我院2012年1月至2014年2月期间收治的行自体膝关节软骨移植术患者45例作为实验组,另选取同期软骨损伤患者45例作为对照组,对两组患者进行MRI扫描,对扫描结果进行对比分析.结果 实验组患者术后CR值(0.92±0.08)较术前(1.33±0.15)明显降低,且随着患者病情分级的不断升高,其CR也随之增高(P＜0.05);各部位的MRI增强扫描结果明显优于平扫,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 对基质诱导自体膝关节软骨移植术患者进行MRI增强扫描,能够为临床诊断提供高质量的膝关节软骨检查图像,同时通过对手术前后软骨强化率进行分析,有助于对手术效果进行有效评估.     

茶多酚对大鼠骨关节软骨氧化损伤的保护作用

目的探讨茶多酚对大鼠骨关节软骨氧化损伤的保护作用,以进一步了解茶多酚摄入机体对骨折早期愈合的影响机制。方法选取3~4月龄健康雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠45只作为观察对象,随机将其分为A、B、C三组,每组15只。各组均制造骨折前茶多酚生物效应,对三组大鼠进行皮下注射,A组剂量为5 mg/(kg·d)茶多酚,B组剂量为10 mg/(kg·d)茶多酚,而C组剂量为0.5 m L/(kg·d)生理盐水;注射3周后,将每只大鼠桡骨中下1/3交界处造成左侧桡骨3 mm完全骨质缺损的骨折模型,不固定;骨折后继续注射茶多酚,制造骨折后茶多酚生物效应;采用HE染色分别观察大鼠在骨折愈合不同时期(造模后3、7、14、21 d)的骨痂厚度及骨痂成熟度。结果 1骨痂厚度:经HE染色观察,造模后3 d,三组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);造模后7 d,B组明显高于其他两组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);造模后14 d,A组与B组明显高于C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);造模后21 d,B组明显高于A组与C组,且A组明显高于C组,各组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2A组与B组大鼠术后3 d即可见到骨内外膜开始增厚,术后7 d骨折端肉芽组织形成,术后14 d骨折端肉芽组织开始重新生长,术后21 d骨折端纤维性骨痂与纤维母细胞有明显减少;C组术后3、7 d骨内外膜也有所增厚,但是与术前相比差异不明显,术后14、21 d骨痂中纤维细胞、毛细血管密度及纤维性结缔组织有明显增加,出现新生血管,但是成骨细胞的增殖数量与A、B组相比明显偏低,而且骨痂的成熟度也相对较低,内外骨痂改造塑形期出现较晚。结论茶多酚对骨关节软骨氧化损伤具有明显的保护作用,其可以通过促进骨痂增殖分化,增加骨痂含量,加快骨痂的成熟,从而提高骨折的愈合速度。     

超声评价蛋白多糖对关节软骨水合作用的影响

目的 应用高频超声测量技术监测蛋白多糖降解导致的关节软骨水合膨胀行为的改变,探讨蛋白多糖对关节软骨水合作用的影响.方法 将12块表面光滑无损伤的猪髌骨关节软骨样本随机均分为2组,每组6块:正常组不做任何处理;胰蛋白酶消化组在0.25％的胰蛋白酶溶液中浸泡8h,以消化软骨组织内的蛋白多糖成分,从而建立经蛋白多糖降解软骨的离体退化模型,以模拟自然骨性关节炎关节软骨的退化.利用中心频率为25MHz的A型超声系统扫描两组样本,计算软骨的水合应变及软骨厚度.光镜观察关节软骨的病理组织学变化.结果 正常组软骨大约20min时达到水合平衡状态,而胰蛋白酶消化组在大约5min时即达到平衡.正常组软骨的平衡应变值为3.5％±0.5％,明显高于胰蛋白酶消化组(1.8％±0.2％,P＜0.05).胰蛋白酶消化组的软骨厚度(1.34±0.04mm)与正常组(1.34±0.07mm)比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).光镜观察结果显示,正常组软骨表面光滑,软骨细胞排列规则,无裂隙,组织呈均匀红色;胰蛋白酶消化组软骨表面较光滑,可见软骨细胞破坏,番红染色中度减少,提示蛋白多糖减少.结论 正常关节软骨具有膨胀特性,蛋白多糖成分缺失可导致软骨结构、水合作用及脱水后恢复能力降低.     

MRI与关节镜测量膝关节软骨缺损面积的对比

目的：探讨磁共振成像(MRI)与关节镜测量膝关节软骨缺损面积的一致性。方法选取36例(36膝)因膝关节软骨缺损的入院患者,对照分析其关节镜及术前 MRI 资料。比较 MRI 与关节镜术中测量软骨缺损区面积的一致性。结果MRI 与关节镜均发现膝关节软骨缺损92处,平均每例2.6处。经 MRI 测量,平均每膝的软骨缺损面积为(1.9±1.5)cm2;经关节镜测量,平均每膝的软骨缺损面积为(2.9±2.6)cm2;MRI 与关节镜测量结果之间差异有统计学意义(P <0.001)。MRI 的评估结果低于关节镜测量结果,平均差值为(1.7±1.1)cm2。MRI 测量的面积为关节镜测量结果的70.1%。结论MRI 诊断关节软骨缺损病灶数目上与关节镜具有良好的一致性;可直接或间接反映膝关节软骨缺损面积,定位、定性诊断较为准确。     

Age related changes in thyroid and cricoid cartilages: An autopsy based radiological analysis

Forensic age estimation is an invaluable aspect of human identification. Out of these many means of age estimation, few regions with untapped potential for assistance in forensic age estimation are the age-related changes in the laryngeal cartilages. As the age advances, the thyroid and cricoid cartilages undergo gradual calcification in an individual. These age-related changes can be visualized in both the living and the dead using conventional radiography and can be objectively assessed. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the age-related changes in the laryngeal cartilages and the results may be utilized for age estimation in forensic examinations. The laryngeal cartilages were carefully dissected using standard procedures from 75 cadavers of age ranging from 17 to 65 years, during the post-mortem examination. The laryngeal cartilages were radiographed and replaced in the body cavity before culminating the post-mortem examination. The calcification of both cartilages was studied by using the standard grading method. Calcification scores of individual regions of both the laryngeal cartilages show a statistically significant positive correlation with chronological age (P < 0.05). Regression models derived from the degree of calcification of thyroid and cricoid cartilages showed standard error of estimates that ranged between 9.90 and 11.07 years. Considering the standard error of estimates of the regression analysis, the present study concludes that these regression models can be used in adjunct with other methods of age estimation such as the skeletal and dental age or when such methods are not viable as in cases of charred or mutilated remains.     

T1ρ MRI of human musculoskeletal system

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers the direct visualization of the human musculoskeletal (MSK) system, especially all diarthrodial tissues including cartilage, bone, menisci, ligaments, tendon, hip, synovium, etc. Conventional MRI techniques based on T₁‐ and T₂‐weighted, proton density (PD) contrast are inconclusive in quantifying early biochemically degenerative changes in MSK system in general and articular cartilage in particular. In recent years, quantitative MR parameter mapping techniques have been used to quantify the biochemical changes in articular cartilage, with a special emphasis on evaluating joint injury, cartilage degeneration, and soft tissue repair. In this article we focus on cartilage biochemical composition, basic principles of T_1ρ MRI, implementation of T_1ρ pulse sequences, biochemical validation, and summarize the potential applications of the T_1ρ MRI technique in MSK diseases including osteoarthritis (OA), anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, and knee joint repair. Finally, we also review the potential advantages, challenges, and future prospects of T_1ρ MRI for widespread clinical translation. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:586–600. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.