解脲支原体第一群的分型研究

目的 利用分子生物学方法对解脲支原体第一群进行分型，建立简便，可靠的分型方法。方法 设计分型引物，用ＣＲ和限制性内切酶消化的方法进行分型。结果 设计了解脲支原体的分型引物ＵＭＳ５１１ＵＭＡＵ１和ＵＭＳ５１１ＵＭＡＵ３，前者扩增出Ｕｕｌ型和Ｕｕ６型，后者扩增出Ｕｕ３型和Ｕｕ１４型。     

Population-based analysis of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ApxIVA for use as a DIVA antigen

APXIVA is an RTX toxin of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae that is a candidate antigen to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). Insertion of ISApl1 into the apxIVA gene is known to compromise an APXIVA-based DIVA approach, as is potentially a TGG to TGA mutation in the apxIVA gene. ISApl1 was found in 63/349 (18.1%) A. pleuropneumoniae isolates from England and Wales including serovars 2, 3, 6–8 and 12. No ISApl1 insertions into apxIVA were found. Only two serovar 3 isolates contained the TGG to TGA mutation. We conclude that an ApxIVA-based DIVA approach would potentially be viable in England and Wales.     

幽门螺杆菌感染的血清学分型检测以及临床治疗

目的 探讨利用免疫印迹法进行幽门螺杆菌（Helicobacer pylori）分型检测的临床意义、不同类型H．pylori与上消化道疾病的关系和治疗的疗效。方法 在因上腹部不适就诊的患者中应用^14C呼气试验确定H．pylori现症感染者，应用免疫印迹法进行H．pylori血清抗体组检测以确定H．pylori类型，应用电子内镜以及活检病理检查确定胃炎、消化性溃疡和胃癌的临床诊断，计算不同类型上消化道疾患Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型H．pylori感染的比率，应用铋剂和抗生素三联抗H．pylori治疗，观察不同类型H．pylori的根除率。结果 在Ⅰ型H．pylori现症感染者中消化性溃疡和胃癌的构成比显著高于Ⅱ型（P〈0．001）。Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型H．pylori对三联治疗均较敏感，根除率分别为81．5％和85．7％（P〉0．05）。结论 应用免疫印迹法进行幽门螺杆菌分型检测有助于临床对上消化道病情的判断，Ⅰ型感染可能更有治疗的必要，三联治疗对Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型幽门螺杆菌均有较好的效果。     

聚合酶链反应与反向线点杂交检测沙眼衣原体及分型

目的建立和评价一个新的多重和巢式PCR-反向线点杂交试验（RLB）检测泌尿生殖道沙眼衣原体及其分型方法。方法该试验设计了3对引物分别针对CT外膜蛋白（omp1）基因VD2区和质粒进行扩增，用CT15种血清型（A、B／Ba、C、D／Da、E、F、G／Ga、H、L／Ia、J、Ja、K、L1、L2和L3）探针与扩增后的产物杂交。经COBAS Amplicor检测的355份标本，其中277份尿液，2份男性直肠拭子和78份女性宫颈试子，进行PCR-RLB检测CT并分型。结果192份COBAS Amplicor阳性标本中175份PCR-RLB阳性，其中93．1％（163／175）的CT感染可被正确分型，其单一型感染分型结果与DNA测序结果一致。163份COBAS Amplicor阴性标本中6份巢式PCR-RLB阳性。85．3％（139／163）为单一型CT感染，最常见的CT是E（38．6％）F（28．5％）和D（18．2％）。14．7％（24／163）为CT混合感染，混合感染以H和K为主。结论PCR-RLB检测CT是一种简便、快速、特异和敏感的方法，并准确的进行CT分型，为CT感染的临床诊断和分子流行病学研究提供了一种可靠的方法。     

空肠/结肠弯曲菌的生物分型、血清学分型和质粒分析

本文对来自成都地区的空肠/结肠弯曲菌同时进行了生物分型、血清学分型和质粒分析,对这三种方法的相互关系及其作用进行了探讨,发现同一血清型的弯曲菌中,其生物型和质粒谱可完全不同,提示生物分型和质粒分析在一定程度上可弥补血清学分型的不足。同时,注意到结肠弯曲菌的质粒检出率明显地高于空肠弯曲菌,这对于弯曲菌上质粒的进一步研究具有重要意义。     

Serotyping of Cryptococcus neoformans strains isolated from clinical specimens in Thailand and their susceptibility to various antifungal agents

One hundred and thirty-nine strains of Cryptococcus neoformans were isolated in Thailand from clinical specimens including 97 AIDS patients: 67 from Northern, 48 from Central, 17 from Northeastern and 7 from Southern regional hospitals. Six out of the 139 strains were serotype B and the remaining 133 were A. There was no correlation between serotypes and regional distribution. To our knowledge, this is the first report of serotyping studies on C. neoformans in Thailand. Studies on random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis showed that this method is useful for the differentiation of C. neoformans var. gattii (serotypes B and C) and C. neoformans var. neoformans (serotypes A and D). They also indicated that Thai isolates of C. neoformans var. gattii (serotype B) were a homogeneous group on the basis of their genotypes. Antifungal susceptibility tests using 5 antifungal agents including amphotericin B, fluconazole, flucytosine, itraconazole and micronazole against 50 selected strains of C. neoformans showed that they were sensitive to all of the antifungal agents tested except for one strain that was resistant to flucytosine.     

北京海淀区2004年60份痢疾菌株血清分型及药敏试验分析

目的 调查2004年志贺菌在北京市海淀区流行的主要血清型及药物敏感试验结果。方法 收集该年度临床分离的志贺菌60株进行血清学分型和抗生素敏感性试验。结果 60份痢疾菌株中，福氏志贺菌37株，占61．67％，宋内氏志贺菌23株，占38．33％。60株志贺菌均对妥布霉素、头孢唑啉、庆大霉素、头孢塞肟、头孢曲松、头孢呋辛、哥那霉素等抗生素敏感。结论 海淀区志贺菌感染以福氏志贺菌和宋内氏志贺菌为主，福氏志贺菌又以F4志贺菌和X变种占优势，应根据药敏结果选择合适的药物治疗。     

高毒力肺炎克雷伯菌耐药情况和分子特征研究

目的分析东莞地区高毒力肺炎克雷伯菌(hvKP)的耐药情况和分子特征。方法收集2018年6月至12月我院临床各种标本分离的肺炎克雷伯菌255株,应用PCR技术检测菌株荚膜血清型,并进行药敏试验。结果255株肺炎克雷伯菌菌株中,hvKP菌株80株(占31.37%),以K2型和K1型为主。除对氨苄西林天然耐药之外,hvKP对氨苄西林-舒巴坦、头孢唑啉、头孢他啶、头孢曲松、头孢吡肟、氨曲南、庆大霉素、妥布霉素、环丙沙星、左旋氧氟沙星及复方新诺明的耐药率均显著低于cKP(P<0.05)。hvKP的ESBLs检出率为4.9%,显著低于cKP的27.1%(P<0.05)。结论东莞地区hvKP的血清型以K2型、K1型为主,对常用抗生素敏感,可检测出ESBLs阳性菌株,临床上可据此给予hvKP患者早期诊断和治疗,改善预后。     

Bacterial contamination of dental chair units in a modern dental hospital caused by leakage from suction system hoses containing extensive biofilm

Within six months of opening of the new Dublin Dental Hospital in September 1998, areas of corrosion were observed on many of the baseplates of the hospital's 103 dental chair units (DCUs) at the site of attachment of the suction hoses. The corroded areas were heavily contaminated with Pseudomonas spp. and related genera posing a risk of cross-infection, particularly for immunocompromised patients. These species were used as marker organisms to investigate the source of the contamination. P. aeruginosa was the predominant species recovered from 41 selected DCU baseplates (61% prevalence), whereas P. putida (46% prevalence) and P. aeruginosa (43% prevalence) were predominant at the attachment ends of 37 selected high-volume suction hoses. Forty-one selected isolates of P. aeruginosa from 13 DCU baseplates, 16 high-volume suction hoses and 12 coarse filter housings (another suction system site) from 19 separate DCUs were serotyped to determine the similarity of isolates at each site. The majority of isolates (68.3%) belonged to serotype O:10, while the remainder belonged to serotypes O:6 (7.3%), O:11 (7.3%), O:14 (9.8%) and O:5/O:16 (7.3%). Of the isolates from DCU baseplates, additional isolates with the same serotype were recovered from other suction system sites in 10/13 (77%) cases. Isolates of only one serotype were recovered from each of the 19 DCUs investigated. Forty-one serotyped isolates were also subject to computer-assisted analysis of SpeI-generated DNA fingerprint profiles, and similarity coefficient (S(AB)s) values were calculated for each pairwise combination of isolate profiles. The data obtained showed that the isolates consisted of two distinct main populations, each containing separate clades corresponding to specific serotypes. Serotype O:6 (three isolates), O:11 (three isolates) and O:5/O:16 (three isolates) belonged to a single strain in each case. Serotypes O:14 (four isolates) and O:10 (28 isolates) belonged to two strains in each case. The two serotype O:10 strains, termed fingerprint groups I (four isolates from three DCUs) and II (24 isolates from 10 DCUs), were the most distantly related of all the strains identified. These findings demonstrated that the hospital DCUs had become colonized with a small number of P. aeruginosa strains, one of which (serotype O:10, fingerprint group II) predominated. These results also confirmed that DCU baseplate contamination was most likely to be due to leakage from suction system hoses at the baseplate attachment sites, probably due to loosening during use. Replacement hose connectors that firmly retained the suction hoses in the attachment sites so that they could not be loosened by movement of the suction hoses solved this problem, and eliminated further contamination of the DCU baseplates.