Microaneurysms in diabetes mellitus

Summary The structural characteristics of and similarities between retinal, glomerular and conjunctival microaneurysms are detailed. Predisposing factors are reviewed. A combination of hypertriglyceridemia and local rheological factors such as venular stasis or capillary ischaemia frequently leads to the formation of microaneurysms. This combination of factors pertains to some extent in hypertension but more particularly in diabetes.This work is partly based on a thesis for M. D. submitted by the author to Glasgow University.     

阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿患者外周血细胞CD47的表达

目的:通过研究阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症(PNH)患者外周血细胞CD47的表达,探讨CD47在PNH发病机制中的作用。方法:选取PNH患者8例,正常对照组15例,以逆转录-聚合酶链反应异源双链分析银染法进行PIG-A基因检测,流式细胞术检测外周血细胞表面CD47、CD59的表达。结果:6例PNH患者PIG A基因第2外显子有碱基变异,其余2例未发现异常;PNH患者外周血红细胞、粒细胞CD47表达阳性率及平均荧光强度比正常对照组均减低(P<0．05)。结论:PNH患者外周血细胞表面CD47表达减少,CD47的表达与PNH发病机制可能有关。     

Radiation-Induced Sequelae Affecting the Continence Organ: Incidence,Pathogenesis, and Treatment

Introduction Incontinence is a late complication that causes symptoms years after radiation treatment and is difficult to deal with; it poses a particular challenge for care-providing physicians. Review This review looks at our current knowledge of the incidence, symptoms, and treatment of fecal incontinence induced by radiation treatment. An approximate estimation based on retrospective data suggests an incidence of fecal incontinence of up to one-third of patients. The mechanism that causes incontinence are changes in anal resting tone, squeeze pressure, and rectal volume or rectal compliance. The other associated aspects of incontinence include such further disorders as proctitis, colitis, and other disturbances involving the lower digestive tract. The therapeutic options mainly comprise the treatment of associated aspects, such as proctitis or diarrhea. Conclusion Surgical treatment should be the absolute exception. If the creation of a stoma is being considered, a resective procedure offering freedom from symptoms seems to be the more advantageous option. Presented at the meeting of the Coloproctology Group in the German Society of Visceral Surgery, Berlin, Germany, October 1, 2005. Reprints are not available.     

禹余粮丸方考及验案举例

宋赵开美本《伤寒论》88条中提出禹余粮丸,但只见方名,未列药物。后世医家对于该方是否存在以及药味多少争论不一,笔者对此进行了简单的回顾与梳理,并举验案,以供同道参考。     

儿童急性肺源性心脏病的发病机制

急性肺源性心脏病通常继发于严重肺部疾病或肺循环障碍所导致的肺动脉高压,以急性右心功能障碍、右心衰竭为主要特征。其中,低氧血症、高碳酸血症及正压通气均可导致肺动脉高压的发生。在危重患儿救治过程中,特别是呼吸支持过程中,应早期识别急性肺源性心脏病,考虑实施以右心功能监护和保护为核心的"肺保护"及"循环保护"。     

从元气升降角度探析“水精四布”与糖尿病之关系

本文基于中医的传统经典理论,以天人合一为核心,强调天人相应,认为“阴平阳秘”是在“阳主阴从”主导下,因元气之升降而实现。惟一阳气充足才有人体精微物质如津、气、血、液等生化之源泉不息,提出阳气不足,升降失常是致病之根本,“水精不布”是糖尿病及并发症之发生发展的基本病机。治疗应以补益阳气,复其升降为权宜大法,通过助阳气化,水精得布,则糖尿病亦自消无迹矣。     

骨髓增生异常综合征研究进展:第56届美国血液学会年会报道

第56届美国血液学会(ASH)年会上关于骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)的报道中有大量对发病机制的研究,现主要就ASH会议对MDS基因突变的报告进行介绍.     

子宫内膜异位症的分子病因学研究现状

子宫内膜异位症(EMS)是子宫内膜腺体和基质种植于子宫以外的一种雌激素依赖性疾病,是引起该病患者盆腔疼痛和不孕的常见因素。EMS的发病机制迄今尚未完全阐明,是妇产科临床和基础研究的热点。目前研究认为,EMS发病的分子机制不纯粹是某一生物学特征异常,尚涉及腹膜侵袭、血管形成、细胞凋亡、细胞黏附及自噬等方面,并且某一信号通路异常,参与EMS发病过程的各个环节,而涉及整个通路调控网络异常。笔者拟从腹膜的侵袭、血管形成、细胞凋亡、细胞黏附、自噬等方面,对EMS的分子病因学最新研究进展进行阐述。     

精神分裂症发病机制及治疗靶点的研究现状

精神分裂症是一种严重的精神疾病,但确切的机制至今尚未研究透彻。近来,研究者们发现D1、D2受体的过度活化、多巴胺和环腺苷酸调节的磷蛋白的调节机制、受体磷酸化磷酸酶β/ζ的编码基因PTPRZ1(蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶,受体类型,Z多肽1)与精神分裂症密切相关;γ氨基丁酸α受亚单位α5受体进行变构调节,能逆转多巴胺功能异常亢进,进而缓解精神分裂症的阳性症状。