重新审视婴幼儿心肺转流中改良超滤的使用

改良超滤(MUF)技术作为心肺转流中节约用血的重要手段之一,具有浓缩血液、清除炎性介质、减轻组织水肿等优点,但随着微小化体外循环技术的应用,MUF在临床应用中的获益性和必要性开始受到各中心的重新审视。本文对近年来MUF的临床使用进展予以综述。     

Exploring the relation between brain response to speech at 6-months and language outcomes at 24-months in infants at high and low risk for autism spectrum disorder: A preliminary functional near-infrared spectroscopy study

Infants at high familial risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at increased risk for language impairments. Studies have demonstrated that atypical brain response to speech is related to language impairments in this population, but few have examined this relation longitudinally. We used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate the neural correlates of speech processing in 6-month-old infants at high (HRA) and low risk (LRA) for autism. We also assessed the relation between brain response to speech at 6-months and verbal developmental quotient (VDQ) scores at 24-months. LRA infants exhibited greater brain response to speech in bilateral anterior regions of interest (ROIs) compared to posterior ROIs, while HRA infants exhibited similar brain response across all ROIs. Compared to LRA infants, HRA+ infants who were later diagnosed with ASD had reduced brain response in bilateral anterior ROIs, while HRA- infants who were not later diagnosed with ASD had increased brain response in right posterior ROI. Greater brain response in left anterior ROI predicted VDQ scores for LRA infants only. Findings highlight the importance of studying HRA+ and HRA- infants separately, and implicate a different, more distributed neural system for speech processing in HRA infants that is not related to language functioning.     

上海市虹梅社区婴幼儿营养性疾病影响因素调查分析

目的探讨上海市虹梅社区发生婴幼儿营养性疾病的影响因素,为优化社区婴幼儿营养性疾病的管理模式提供科学依据。方法采用回顾性调查的方式,收集2013~2017年社区0~3岁婴幼儿保健相关资料,通过描述性统计和Logistic二元回归对婴幼儿营养性疾病的发生、分类、顺位及其影响因素进行分析,筛选和确定社区发生婴幼儿营养性疾病的重点因素。结果0~3岁婴幼儿中,有30.93%(459/1484)的婴幼儿发生了营养性疾病,其中男童的发生率略高于女童(χ^2=4.706,P<0.05);营养性疾病分类的顺位情况依次是超重、缺铁性贫血、肥胖、营养不良、佝偻病及生长迟缓,排列前两位的超重和缺铁性贫血分别为18.60%和11.93%;营养性疾病的发生主要在0~12月龄的低年龄段;影响其发生的因素分别是喂养方式、婴儿出生时体质量、婴幼儿性别及父母体质指数(BMI),其中,喂养方式、婴儿出生时体质量及父母BMI为营养性疾病发生的重点因素。结论关注孕妇BMI的控制和婴儿的科学喂养是早期预防婴幼儿营养性疾病的关键。     

Success in the use of oral propranolol in the treatment of infantile hemangioma in nasal tip – Report of two cases

Infantile hemangioma is the most common pediatric vascular tumor, with the following risk factors: low birth weight, prematurity, white skin, female gender, multiparity and advanced maternal age. The use of oral and topical beta-blockers, although recent, has emerged as the first line of treatment, with superior safety and efficacy to previously used therapies, such as corticosteroids and surgeries. This report describes two cases of nasal tip infantile hemangioma, treated with oral propranolol. Both presented excellent therapeutic responses.     

β受体阻滞剂治疗婴儿血管瘤中国专家共识

【摘要】 β受体阻滞剂是目前治疗婴儿血管瘤的一线药物，主要包括口服普萘洛尔和外用噻吗洛尔/卡替洛尔滴眼液。β受体阻滞剂药物选择及给药方式主要根据患儿年龄、瘤体部位、分型、分类及大小等因素综合决定。本共识对口服普萘洛尔的适应证及禁忌证、治疗起始时间及剂量、疗程与停药指征、用药期间注意事项和不良反应的监测及处理和特殊人群治疗剂量、疗程以及外用β受体阻滞剂适应证、应用具体方法等进行总结，希望为皮肤科及相关专业医生规范应用β受体阻滞剂治疗婴儿血管瘤提供参考依据。