肌松药对脑电双频指数监测麻醉深度的影响

脑电双频指数(bispectral index,BIS)是基于原始脑电图的一种麻醉深度监测指标,近年来已广泛用于临床.术中监测麻醉深度能提高麻醉质量和手术安全性,通过合理调控麻醉深度,减少麻醉用药量和避免麻醉并发症的发生.但是.关于BIS监测在临床麻醉中应用的实际意义或价值以及BIS值判读准确性及可能的影响因素仍是人们一直关心的热点问题,结合近期国内外有关文献,现就肌松药对BIS监测麻醉深度的影响及相关临床应用情况作一综述.     

全麻患者在异丙酚不同靶控浓度下罗库溴铵对脑电双频指数的影响

目的：探讨异丙酚在不同靶控浓度下．罗库溴铵对脑电双频指数（Bispectral index．BIS）监测麻醉深度的影响。。方法：ASA I级或II级择期手术患者60例．随机分为4组（n=15）：实验组（R2和R3）和对照组（C2和C3）。设定异丙酚初始效应室浓度（effect-site concentration．Ce）为4．0Hg／mL。当患者镇静警觉评分（0AA／S评分）≤1时置入喉罩。机械通气,调节异丙酚靶控浓度．使Ce维持在2．0μg／mL或3．0μg／mL．达到靶浓度后稳定20min．实验组（R2和R3）静脉注射2倍ED95剂量的罗库溴铵0．6mg／kg,对照组[C2和C3）注射生理盐水（5ml）。记录异丙酚诱导前即刻（T1）,静脉注射罗库溴铵或生理盐水即刻（T2）、TOF消失为0对（T3）、TOF的第一个肌颤搐恢复到5％时（T4）BIS,HR．MAP值。结果：四组患者性别．年龄、体重之间差异无显著性罄异（P〉0．05）;对照组T1～T4各时点BIS值比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;与b对比较．R2组T3和T4时BIS降低（P〈0.05）,但R3组、C2绍和C3组变化差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。实验组与相同异丙酚效应室浓度对照组比较．R2组．C2组与R3组、C3组在静脉注射罗库溴铵或生理盐水前后变化差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：罗库澳铵对BIS值的影响与镇静深度有关。异丙酚靶控浓度维持在2．0μg／mL较浅的镇静状态下,静脉注射2倍ED95剂量的罗库澳铵可引起BIS数值的下降。但在3．0μg／mL较深的镇静状态下．2倍ED85剂量的罗库溴铵对BIS值无影响。     

熵指数监测下不同浓度的七氟醚在小儿麻醉深度监测中的判定价值

目的探讨熵指数监测下不同浓度七氟醚在小儿麻醉深度监测中的有效性及临床应用价值。方法 45例下腹部手术患儿,ASA I级,随机分为3组(n=15),最低肺泡内吸入七氟醚有效浓度(MAC)分别为A组:1.0;B组:1.2;C组:1.5。观察并记录3组患儿手术麻醉过程中熵指数(反应熵RE、状态熵SE)变化。结果诱导后RE、SE值均显著性下降(P<0.01);术毕RE、SE值逐渐回升,患儿术后呼之睁眼时RE、SE值均接近基础值,RE值回升最快。结论小儿吸入不同浓度七氟醚全麻期间,熵指数作为麻醉深度监测指标,对于研判麻醉深度变化,具有较高的有效性及临床应用价值。     

Narcotrend监测下氟比洛芬脂复合丙泊酚麻醉用于无痛人流术的理想麻醉深度探讨

目的：探讨Narcotrend监测下无痛人流治疗的理想麻醉深度.方法：300例择期在丙泊酚静脉麻醉下行无痛人流治疗的门诊患者,20~36岁,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级,随机均分为3组;A组（Narcotrend指数即NI,维持在D0）,B组（NI维持在D2）,C组（NI维持在E1）.在Narcotrend监测下靶控输注丙泊酚进行诱导,待患者NI值分别降至设定值2 min后开始无痛人流治疗.观察并记录患者的血流动力学变化,不良反应,苏醒时间和丙泊酚用量.结果：B组和C组高血压、心动过速、体动的发生率显著低于A组（P〈0.05）,C组低血压和心动过缓的发生率显著高于A组和B组（P〈0.05）,B组呼吸抑制的发生率显著低于A组和C组（P〈0.05）;B组丙泊酚用量和清醒时间显著小于A组和C组（P〈0.05）.结论：Narcotrend监测下患者靶控输注丙泊酚行无痛人流治疗检查的理想麻醉深度为D2,此麻醉深度可减少丙泊酚用量,减少不良反应及缩短麻醉复苏时间.     

应用深部电极定位颞叶癫(癎)致灶临床研究

目的 观察深部电极记录的有效性及并发症,并探讨适应证.方法 20例药物难治性颞叶癫(癎)患者进行颅内电极植入,包括双侧颞叶纵向深部电极植入、双侧硬膜下颞底条状电极植入、颞外条状电极植入.结果 术前进行广泛的无创检查之后仍不能定位致灶的患者是选择颅内电极记录的主要适应证.在所筛选的病人中,17例患者可通过颅内电极记录定位...     

经尿道前列腺汽化电切术中电切深度标识的探讨

目的 探讨经尿道前列腺汽化电切术(transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate，TUVP)电切深度标识的可行性。方法 回顾性分析616例前列腺增生症临床资料，其中310例术前彩超提示合并前列腺钙化，156例合并膀胱结石，23例合并膀胱肿瘤。TUVP操作过程中，观察到合并前列腺结石和机械操作“打滑现象”，停止电切。结果 全组手术时间30～120min，平均75min。术中验证术前彩超提示合并前列腺钙化的310例前列腺钙化为结石，同时发现其余306例均存在结石。1例术中膀胱穿孔，无尿道直肠瘘和尿道电切综合征发生。325例随访3～6个月，平均4．5月，最大尿流率由6．5～8．5ml／s提高到18～22ml／s，残余尿由70～150ml降至0～10ml，国际前列腺症状评分由19～24．5分降至0～7分。138例膀胱结石和23例膀胱肿瘤无复发。结论 前列腺结石和机械操作“打滑现象”作为TUVP的电切深度标识是切实可行的。     

血管内皮生长因子的表达与结肠癌生物学行为及预后的关系(附160例分析)

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）在结肠癌中的表达及其与结肠癌生物学行为及预后的关系.方法采用免疫组化染色（SP）法,检测160例结肠癌手术标本中VEGF的表达,并将检测结果与随访资料进行分析.结果160例结肠癌组织中VEGF表达阳性率为47.5%.VEGF的表达与结肠癌浸润深度（P＜0.01）,淋巴结转移率（P＜0.01）及患者的5年生存率有密切关系.结论VEGF的表达与结肠癌的浸润、转移及预后有密切关系,可以作为判断结肠癌生物学行为及预后的重要指标.     

Light exposure required for optimum conversion of light activated resin systems

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the degree of conversion (DC) of composites and the light intensity using LED-curing units and also to determine the amount of exposure required to achieve optimal curing. METHOD: The light outputs of light-curing units and the depths of cure of composites exposed to these units were determined using the methods outlined in modified ISO standards, ISO/TS10650 and ISO 4049, respectively. The distributions of DC in composites were investigated by IR spectra of microareas obtained at various depths from the irradiated surface of thin specimens cut out from the cured composites. IR spectra were measured using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer equipped with a microscopic unit. DC was calculated from the changes in the amount of C=C double bonds in the IR spectra. RESULTS: The light intensity at various depths through the cured composite was calculated from the attenuation coefficient of each material, obtained from the linear relationship between the depth of cure and the logarithm of the amount of exposure, which is defined as the product of the irradiance and irradiation time. There was a third or fourth order regression relationship between DC and the logarithm of total light energy at a particular depth. SIGNIFICANCE: The minimum light energy required to produce a saturated DC was about 1000 s mW/cm2.     

听觉诱发电位指数、脑电双频指数及心血管反应评估"过浅麻醉"的价值

目的通过研究丙泊酚诱导过程中,听觉诱发电位指数(AAI)、脑电双频指数(BIS)及心血管反应与插管体动的关系,探讨上述监测手段是否能够反映“过浅麻醉”。方法35例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级妇科择期手术患者,以丙泊酚进行诱导,患者入睡后,用压力袖带隔离一侧前臂,静注维库溴铵0·1mg/kg。当丙泊酚靶控输注(TCI)达到设定血浆靶浓度(3·5μg/ml)后行气管内插管。记录隔离侧手臂运动(体动)情况,并以是否发生体动反应为准将患者分为体动组与非体动组。记录患者诱导前、插管前的SBP、DBP、HR、BIS、AAI及插管后2min内上述指标的最大值。结果体动组AAI插管后明显高于插管前(P<0·01),而非体动组插管前、后的差异无显著意义;两组患者BIS插管前、后组内及组间的差异均无显著意义;插管引起的DBP、SBP增高体动组明显大于非体动组(P<0·01),但HR变化两组相似。结论BIS仅是衡量睡眠深度的指标,AAI及BP反映“过浅麻醉”,反映机体对伤害性刺激的反应较BIS敏感。     

The Reliability of Arousal Threshold During Sleep

Thirty-five subjects from two independent studies were awakened at EEG-defined periods during the night with 1000 Hz ascending tone series. Awakenings were made five to eight times per night during stage 2, stage 4, or REM sleep over a series of nights in good and poor sleepers. Reliability was assessed within stage, within night, between stages, and between nights. Good and poor sleepers did not differ in either depth of sleep or reliability of arousal threshold and were thus pooled in the analyses. From night to night, the most consistency was seen in stage 4 (r=.74), although REM reliability (r?₁= .49) and stage 2 reliability (r?₁= .50 and r?₁= .69 in the two respective studies) estimates were also greater than zero. Early sleep onset and morning arousals were more variable. Reliability estimates on arousal thresholds taken within the same night for stage 2 were r= .64 and r?₁= .77 for the two studies and r= .96 for REM. The depth of sleep was not correlated with awake auditory threshold. It was concluded that five or six carefully placed arousals could give a good estimate of an individual's usual arousal threshold.