Addressing career barriers for high risk adolescent girls: The PATHS curriculum intervention

The study evaluated a gender-specific comprehensive career development curriculum designed to target career barriers faced by high risk adolescent girls – those with disabilities and at risk for school failure. The goal of the curriculum was to promote social cognitive career and self determination outcomes associated with adaptive career development and adjustment. A pre-post control group design was used to evaluate the curriculum. Findings suggest that participation in the curriculum resulted in significant and large gains in autonomy and in disability and gender-related knowledge. Meaningful gains were noted in perceptions of social support and relevance of school. Participants in a high fidelity sample made significant and large gains in vocational skills self-efficacy and disability and gender-related knowledge. Meaningful improvements were noted in self-advocacy, autonomy, and vocational outcome expectations. The findings suggest that the curriculum can improve important indicators of positive career development and adjustment in high risk adolescent girls.     

Does an Advanced Pelvic Simulation Curriculum Improve Resident Performance on a Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology Focused Objective Structured Clinical Examination? A Cohort Study

Study ObjectiveTo determine the effect of an advanced pelvic simulation curriculum on resident performance on a pediatric and adolescent gynecology (PAG) focused objective structured clinical examination (OSCE).DesignObstetrics and gynecology residents in a single academic Canadian center participated in a PAG simulation curriculum. An OSCE on prepubertal vaginal bleeding was administered at the biannual OSCE examination 2 months before the simulation curriculum and again 3 months after the simulation curriculum.SettingAcademic half-day at the University of Ottawa Skills and Simulation Centre.ParticipantsObstetrics and gynecology residents from the University of Ottawa.InterventionsParticipants completed 4 stations teaching PAG-appropriate history-taking, genital examination, Tanner staging, vaginal sampling and flushing, hymenectomy, vaginoscopy, laparoscopic adnexal detorsion, and approach to the child and/or adolescent. Advanced pelvic models were used for procedure-specific stations.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome measure was change in mean score on a prepubertal vaginal bleeding OSCE station. Secondary outcome measures were changes in individual component scores.ResultsFourteen residents completed the simulation curriculum and the PAG OSCE at the 2 separate time points (before and after simulation curriculum). The mean OSCE score before the simulation curriculum was 54.6% (20.5 of 37) and mean score after the curriculum was 78.1% (28.9 of 37; P < .001). Significant score increases were found in history-taking, examination, differential diagnosis, identification of organism, surgical procedures, and identification of foreign body (P < .01 for all).ConclusionThis innovative PAG simulation curriculum significantly increased residents' knowledge in PAG history-taking, examination skills, operative procedures, and approach to the child and/or adolescent. Obstetrics and Gynecology Program Directors should consider incorporating PAG simulation training into their curriculum to ensure that residents meet their learning objectives and increase their knowledge and confidence, which will ultimately benefit patient care.     

Impact of a Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology Curriculum on an Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency

Study ObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness of a new pediatric and adolescent gynecology (PAG) curriculum for improving obstetrics/gynecology resident physician knowledge and comfort level in patient management and to describe the current deficiencies in resident physician knowledge and comfort level in PAG.DesignA PAG curriculum was implemented for the obstetrics/gynecology resident physicians (n = 20) at the University of South Florida in July 2013. Before and after the curriculum was introduced, resident physicians and recent graduates of the residency program completed a survey to assess their comfort level and a knowledge assessment consisting of 20 case-based questions.SettingUniversity-based residency program.ParticipantsResident physicians and recent resident physician graduates in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.InterventionsIntroduction of a PAG curriculum during the 2013-2014 academic year.Main Outcome MeasuresImprovement in resident physicians' comfort level and knowledge in PAG.ResultsAfter the curriculum was introduced, comfort increased in examining the genitals of a pediatric gynecology patient (median difference = 1.5; P = .003) and history-taking, physical examination skills, and management (median difference = 1; P = .002) compared with before the curriculum. There was no significant difference in overall quiz score (15.5 ± 1.87 vs 15.8 ± 1.3; P = .78).ConclusionA curriculum in PAG did improve resident comfort level in managing PAG patients, but did not significantly improve knowledge of this topic.     

专门用途英语视角下英语课程设置改革效果分析——以重庆医科大学为例

目的　分析专门用途英语（English for specific purposes,ESP）背景下重庆医科大学本科英语课程设置改革成效。方法　采用问卷法对重庆医科大学2018级护理本科生英语课程设置需求进行问卷调查。根据问卷调查结果制定改进措施,并在2019级护理本科生护理英语教学中实施1学期。通过问卷调查学生对英语课程设置改革的满意度。对收集到的数据用SPSS统计学软件统计各选项人数与占比。结果　2019级护理本科生对本校英语课程设置改革的满意度为56.78%（272/479）,对护理专业英语课程设置满意度达到88.1%（422/479）。结论　医学院校专门用途英语课程设置改革应充分考虑学习者的学习需求和职业目标需求,课堂教学中尽量为学习者提供口语和阅读训练的机会。另外,ESP教师团队成员可以通过集体备课提高其在专业英语教学方面的能力和信心。基于需求分析的课程设置有利于提高英语教学效果。     

基于网站调研的智能医学工程专业设置和培养方案分析

目的　分析我国智能医学工程专业设置和培养方案的现状。方法　通过网站调研获取该专业的开设学校、开设年份、招生计划、培养目标和课程等信息。利用Excel进行统计分析。结果　①2018至2021年,共有48所高校被批准开设智能医学工程专业,以经济发达地区为主,人才培养规模为每年近2 400人。②获取47所高校智能医学工程专业的所属学院信息,其中59%（13/22）的综合性高校将该专业归属医学相关的学院。③获取40所高校的专业培养目标,重点培养学生具备大数据智能处理和软件研发能力,其中12所高校还要求学生掌握硬件研发能力。④计算机科学与技术、基础医学、临床医学和生物医学工程是该专业的主干学科,专业核心课程主要包括计算机语言和人工智能相关课程。结论　随着人工智能技术在医疗卫生领域的发展,我国智能医学工程专业教育快速兴起,但对专业人才的培养还处于探索阶段,建议国家有关部门出台相关指导性意见。     

Surgical instrument standardization – A pilot cost consciousness curriculum for surgery residents

IntroductionSurgical cost is astronomical in the US and instrument standardization is one potential mechanism for cost savings. This study describes a core competency based, multidisciplinary curriculum and evaluates resident attitudes towards operating room equipment standardization.Materials and methodsAs part of a quality improvement initiative, surgery residents participated in an hour-long mixed curriculum consisting of brief didactics and small group exercises. Participants developed an equipment standardization plan for laparoscopic appendectomy and cholecystectomy. Participants also completed surveys to assess their attitudes towards 11 potential barriers to implementation as “improves, no change, or worsens”.ResultsFifteen general surgery residents participated. In general, participants felt that standardization improves or does not change metrics including surgeon autonomy, resident training experience, and patient safety.ConclusionOur pilot curriculum addresses a gap in resident education about surgical cost. Residents generally regard equipment standardization as either improving or not changing hospital metrics.     

临床药学专业办学规范的思考与建议

我国的临床药学专业尚处于初创和发展阶段,尚未建立成型的办学模式和完整的教学体系,突出表现在必修专业课程的设置和内容比较混乱,教材建设严重滞后,临床实习的内容和制度不够健全,严重制约了该专业学生的培养质量,亟须制定全国性的《临床药学专业课程体系规范》,真正满足现代化医院对临床药师人才的需求。该文就该专业培养目标和规格、教学内容和知识体系、临床实践安排与内容、专业教材与教学大纲、师资队伍以及实习基地的建设等问题,结合本校临床药学专业建设的经验和体会,提出思考和看法。     

国内高等院校大学生学业评价研究综述

通过查阅近两年国内高等院校大学生学业评价的研究成果,从学业评价体系、课程评价研究、评价方法研究、评价模式研究等方面进行总结,明确大学生学业评价的意义和目标,针对医药类高校的学业评价提出设想。