三带喙库蚊春季首次出现的一种温度评判方法

目的 探讨三带喙库蚊春季首现日的一种温度评判方法。方法 1982～1992年和2001～2002年在上海市奉贤地区每年3月1日开始，每天在猪舍内挂诱蚊灯全夜(18时至次日6时为一灯夜)灯诱捕蚊，麻醉后对三带喙库蚊进行计数，取每灯夜平均蚊虫数为其密度。将三带喙库蚊春季首现日与首现日前7天、首现日当天和后1天计9天同期日平均气温作比较分析。结果 采用首现日当天和前1天或首现日当天、前2天和后1天任意连续3天的日平均气温值及其日平均气温累积值判断三带喙库蚊春季首现日其差异在1～2天内(91．7％)。结论 三带喙库蚊春季首次出现时，伴随着一次来源于南方强暖气团影响当地气温的过程，其日平均气温下限值为11．0℃。据此，可根据日平均气温实况值或温度预报值重建和预报三带喙库蚊春季首现日。     

Optimization of the determination of organic acids and sugars in fruit juices by ion-exclusion liquid chromatography

An HPLC method for the determination of the main organic acids and sugars in fruit juices is proposed. Nine acids (including oxalic, citric, malic, quinic, galacturonic, ascorbic, succinic, and fumaric acid) and three sugars (sucrose, glucose and fructose) were separated by ion-exclusion chromatography using a resin-based Aminex HPX 87H column after a sample clean-up with Sax cartridges. In spite of the suitable chromatographic conditions, quantification of ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acids was affected by on-column degradation of the former into the latter. For all the other analytes the method showed a good precision and linearity and, as an application, eighteen commercial juices from 4 different fruits were tested. Independently from the fruit, citric and malic acids were the main acids in juices, with amounts varying from 0.05 to 3.23 g/L and from 0.52 to 5.61 g/L, respectively. Compared to other fruits, pears demonstrated the highest content of succinic acid, possibly due to the coelution of relatively high quantities of shikimic acid. In some juices, small amounts of quinic, fumaric and galacturonic acids were also found. Finally, peach juices were demonstrated to be the richest in sugars, with apple juices being the poorest.     

假病毒的应用及其动物模型的研究进展

随着新型高危病毒的出现，使用野生型病毒株进行研究的传统方法显示出局限性，迫切需要一种新方法。体外构建假病毒具有安全稳定、宿主嗜性广等优点，已被广泛应用于中和抗体检测、抗原表位研究、病毒与宿主细胞间相互作用研究、抗病毒药物筛选等领域，是一种安全有效的研究手段。为了进一步评价疫苗、抗体、抗病毒药物的体内保护效果，建立便捷可靠的假病毒动物模型显得尤为重要。此文对假病毒的应用、假病毒动物模型的建立等方面做一综述，总结相关领域的研究进展。     

低血清培养基在水痘减毒活疫苗生产中的应用

目的 应用低血清培养基在水痘减毒活疫苗生产过程中进行细胞和病毒培养,观察培养效果,验证其对疫苗生产的适用性。方法 采用低血清培养基培养MRC-5细胞和水痘病毒Oka株,以传统培养基的生产为对照,比较细胞生长、病毒感染情况及原液病毒滴度和牛血清白蛋白残留量。采用t检验对结果进行比较。结果 在相同工作细胞库细胞复苏的情况下,低血清培养基与传统培养基培养的细胞和病毒形态,没有明显的差异。低血清培养基与传统培养基培养得到的水痘病毒原液病毒滴度均为5.0~5.1 lg噬斑形成单位/ml,差异无统计学意义(t=1.00,P>0.05);但低血清培养基生产的水痘病毒原液中牛血清白蛋白残留量(12~19 ng/ml)显著低于传统培养基生产的(39~46 ng/ml)(t=8.51,P<0.05)。结论 在水痘减毒活疫苗生产过程中应用低血清培养基未影响病毒滴度,但牛血清白蛋白残留量明显降低,减少了因牛源性成分引起疫苗不良反应的风险,可提高疫苗质量,适用于水痘减毒活疫苗的生产。     

水痘减毒活疫苗的稳定性考察

 目的  考察水痘减毒活疫苗（水痘疫苗）的稳定性。方法  取32批由上海生物制品研究所有限责任公司（上海公司）于2013—2019年生产的水痘疫苗,按照水痘疫苗注册标准和中国药典2015年版三部的要求进行各项检定;在0个月进行热稳定性试验,在0和24个月分别进行鉴别试验、外观检查、异常毒性检查、无菌检查和细菌内毒素含量、牛血清白蛋白残留量、抗生素残留量、渗透压摩尔浓度、pH值、病毒滴度、水分检测。结果  2013—2019年水痘疫苗在有效期内各项指标检定结果均符合注册标准和中国药典要求。疫苗水分不高于3.0%。病毒滴度在每0.5毫升 3.3～4.5 lg噬斑形成单位。结论  上海公司生产的水痘疫苗安全、有效、稳定。     

Acute and 13 weeks subchronic toxicological evaluation of naringin in Sprague-Dawley rats

Naringin is widely distributed in plant foods and has not previously been evaluated for safety through standard in vivo toxicological studies. In the present study, acute and subchronic oral toxicity studies of naringin were designed and conducted in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Acute oral administration of naringin was done as a single bolus dose up to 16 g/kg and subchronic toxicity study for 13 weeks was done by oral administration at doses of 0 (control), 50, 250 and 1250 mg/kg in SD rats. There were no mortality, adverse clinical signs, abnormal changes in body weights or food consumption, toxicologically relevant changes in hematology, clinical biochemistry and macroscopic findings during 14 days of the acute toxicity study. During the subchronic oral toxicity study, no mortality and toxicologically significant changes in clinical signs, food consumption, opthalmoscopic examination, hematology, clinical biochemistry, serum sex hormone, macroscopic findings, organ weights and histopathological examination except for slight body weight decrease were noted and attributed to naringin administration. These observations suggest that naringin is practically non-toxic for SD rats in oral acute toxicity study and the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) of naringin in rats is greater than 1250 mg/kg/day when administered orally for 13 consecutive weeks.     

带状疱疹疫苗研究开发进展

水痘和带状疱疹（herpes zoster,HZ）是由水痘-带状疱疹病毒（varicella-zoster virus,VZV）感染引起的两种不同疾病。VZV初次感染后潜伏于脊髓或脑神经节中。HZ是机体免疫力降低、潜伏的VZV被激活后产生的疱疹样疾病,并导致神经组织、皮肤组织的损害。目前尚无治疗HZ的特效药,HZ疫苗可有效降低HZ发生率、复发率,减少相关后遗症和并发症。此文对已上市和开发中的HZ疫苗现状进行综述,为新型HZ疫苗研发提供参考。