经皮置钉技术联合体位复位治疗胸腰椎重度压缩性骨折的效果观察

目的 探讨经皮置钉技术联合体位复位治疗胸腰椎重度压缩性骨折的临床效果。方法 选取收治的70例胸腰椎重度压缩性骨折患者，均采用经皮置钉技术联合体位复位治疗。观察患者术前和术后1、6个月的Oswestry功能障碍指数问卷表(ODI指数)、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分及影像学指标变化。结果 患者手术时间为(49.2±5.3)min,手术出血量为(74.2±8.1)mL,术后住院时间为(4.3±0.8)d,手术过程中与术后所有患者均未发生并发症。与手术前比较，手术后1、6个月ODI指数、VAS评分、椎体前缘高度和椎体中部高度的丢失率及Cobb角均逐渐降低，且手术后6个月评分低于手术后1个月(P<0.05)。结论 胸腰椎重度压缩性骨折患者，采用经皮置钉技术联合体位复位治疗可改善腰椎功能，且手术时间短，创伤小，恢复快，安全性较高，有效减轻患者疼痛、稳定伤椎、重建脊柱的稳定性作用。     

粤西地区老年人口卫生服务需求及利用水平调查研究

目的 调查老龄化背景下粤西地区老年人口卫生服务需求及利用现况,并分析相关影响因素,为针对性地制定改善和优化措施提供依据。方法 在2020年3月—2021年3月自粤西地区3个地级市18个县(区)老年人群(≥60岁)中通过分层整群随机抽样法抽选调查对象,每一抽样框50人,最终入选3 518人。应用自制调查问卷(《中国卫生服务调查报告》为参考)开展面对面调査。掌握一般情况、健康状况,并掌握卫生服务需求和利用情况,包括两周患病率、两周就诊率、两周首诊机构,通过单因素、多因素Logistic回归模型分析相关影响因素。结果 通过调查,粤西地区老年人口两周患病率为41. 05%。老年人口慢性病主要是高血压、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病、脑梗死后遗症、非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病、大脑动脉粥样硬化、脑内出血后遗症、肺炎、慢性阻塞性肺气肿性支气管炎伴急性加重、慢性胃炎及恶性肿瘤等,住院时间平均(14. 85±2. 14) d。通过单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析表明,居住农村、贫困/低保、2种及以上慢性病是两周患病独立影响因素(P <0. 05)。两周就诊率为30. 56%。单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析表明,婚姻状况、年人均收入、贫困/低保、患慢性病种数对老年人两周就诊有显著影响(P <0. 05)。60～64岁老年人患病治疗次均费用以高血压为主,65～69岁、70～74岁、≥75岁年龄老年人主要是肿瘤、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病、非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病等。结论 在老龄化背景下粤西地区老年人口卫生服务需要量较大,门诊和住院服务利用水平均较高,但慢性病种类、婚姻状况、贫困/低保等是卫生服务需求和利用的主要影响因素。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

循证护理干预在老年脑梗死患者中应用的效果分析

摘要：目的 探讨循证护理干预对老年脑梗死患者免疫功能水平变化的影响。方法 本次研究对象均从我院2019年10月至2021年11月收治的60例老年脑梗死患者中选取，将其分为对照组（30例）和观察组（30例）（随机数字表法）。对照组和观察组分别采用常规护理干预及循证护理干预，两组均干预2周。比较两组干预前后肢体、神经、生活质量及语言功能，免疫功能及血清炎性因子水平。结果 与治疗前比较，治疗后两组Fugl-Meyer、ABC法、Barthel评分、外周血CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平均升高，观察组高于对照组；NIHSS评分、血清hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α、外周血CD8+水平均降低，观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 循证护理干预应用于老年脑梗死患者能够有效促进肢体运动功能及神经功能的改善，恢复语言功能，提高机体免疫功能，有效缓解机体炎症反应，提高整体生活质量。