A scoping review of the working alliance in acquired brain injury rehabilitation

Purpose: The aim was to review the empirical literature to determine the nature and breadth of research into the working alliance in acquired brain injury (ABI) rehabilitation.

Methods: A scoping review was conducted, beginning with a systematic search of relevant databases using key search terms. Studies with a focus on the role of the working alliance in shaping rehabilitation outcomes, and factors influencing perceptions of the working alliance were included and key information extracted.

Results: A total of 10 quantitative studies met inclusion criteria. In most studies, ratings of the working alliance were compared with other process variables or outcome measures. The working alliance was linked to positive activity and participation outcomes, including return to work, school, and driving. Client related factors such as age, level of education and approach to rehabilitation tasks were associated with client and therapist perceptions of the working alliance.

Conclusions: The working alliance emerged as a complex process that interacts with many factors and processes at play in the rehabilitation environment. Notwithstanding the limitations of the research base, findings indicate that enhancement of the working alliance may indeed influence rehabilitation outcomes. Allowing time for the development of the working alliance, and consideration of factors such as therapist skill, may support therapists to strengthen their alliances in ABI rehabilitation.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• Allowing time for the development of the working alliance has the potential to enhance the alliance and thereby influence rehabilitation outcomes.

• Factors such as the client’s age and level of education may influence the strength of the working alliance, and hence, awareness of these factors may assist clinicians in maintaining strong alliances with all clients.

• A strong working alliance is possible in the presence of client cognitive impairment, however, the skill of the therapist may be important in managing the potential impact of cognitive impairment on the working alliance.

     

Measurement properties of the upright motor control test in adults with subacute stroke

Background: Previous studies have distilled the Upright Motor Control Test Knee Extension and Knee Flexion subscales (UMCT-KE and UMCT-KF, respectively) from the original 6-item instrument and examined these as stand-alone rapid tests of voluntary movement control in the standing position. Systematic review evidence suggests that the UMCT-KE and UMCT-KF may have value in predicting walking ability after stroke.

Objective: To examine the interrater and intrarater reliability, and concurrent validity of the UMCT-KE and UMCT-KF, and associations with walking ability in adults with subacute stroke.

Methods: A prospective repeated assessments design was implemented in a rehabilitation department in a public teaching hospital. A consecutive sample of patients with subacute first-time stroke (N = 50; mean age = 51 ± 12 years; 20 females; mean time post-stroke = 68 ± 48 days) completed the study. Three physical therapists independently administered the UMCT-KE and UMCT-KF on two testing occasions 2 days apart (t1 and t2). On t2, a fourth rater administered the Leg subscale of the Motricity Index (MI-Leg) as criterion standard.

Results: The UMCT-KE and UMCT-KF demonstrated substantial to almost perfect interrater and intrarater reliability (W = 0.77–0.95), with lower limits of 95% confidence intervals extending to no lower than the substantial level. Both the UMCT-KE and UMCT-KF showed high correlations with the MI-Leg (ρ = 0.747–0.775) and significant associations with walking ability. p Values for all tests were <0.001.

Conclusions: The UMCT-KE and UMCT-KF are reliable and valid tests for rapidly estimating voluntary movement control of the lower limbs in adults with subacute stroke.     

清热化瘀方联合康复训练治疗脑卒中恢复期临床观察

目的观察清热化瘀方联合康复训练对脑中风恢复期患者神经功能改善的影响,为临床提供疗效依据。方法选取2019年6月—2019年10月收治的脑中风恢复期患者,采用随机数字表法分为2组,对照组采用常规内科治疗及康复训练,试验组在对照组治疗方案的基础上加用清热化瘀方颗粒,记录并分析2组患者治疗后的临床疗效。结果试验组患者的总有效率高于对照组,试验组治疗后神经功能缺损评分、肢体感觉及运动功能评分、肢体平衡能力评分、生活能力评分均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论清热化瘀方联合康复训练可明显改善脑中风恢复期患者的症状,减轻神经功能缺损程度,提高感觉及运动功能,提高生活能力。     

连续护理干预模式对脊柱骨折伴脊髓损伤患者术后康复效果的研究

目的研究分析连续护理干预模式对脊柱骨折伴脊髓损伤患者术后康复效果。方法本项研究回顾了2017年2月—2018年7月间在某院采取了脊柱骨折伴脊髓损伤治疗的52例患者整个治疗过程的资料,将所有的患者使用数字双盲法将其分为了对照组(n=26)和观察组(n=26)。对照组患者使用护理措施为常规护理措施,观察组使用的护理措施为连续护理干预模式,在患者治疗完成后对比两个不同组别患者在围手术期期间各类指标和出现并发症概率。结果对照组患者手术下床活动时间、住院时间、住院所需费用以及患者并发症发生率均显著高于观察组,组别间数据对比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论医护人员在进行脊柱骨折伴脊髓损伤患者的护理工作当中,对其采取连续护理模式可以降低患者并发症发生率,缩短患者住院时间,对患者身体的恢复具有显著意义。     

全身运动质量评估指导高危儿早期干预的研究

目的 通过比较全身运动(GMs)评估正常的高危儿单纯家庭康复训练与家庭康复训练联合药物干预的预后,分析GMs对高危儿早期干预的指导意义。方法 选取2016年2月-2017年2月于潍坊市妇幼保健院康复科就诊并接受GMs评估正常的183例高危儿,随机分组为观察组和对照组,观察组为单纯家庭康复训练组89例,对照组为家庭康复训练联合药物干预组94例。采用Peabody运动发育量表对两组患儿分别于纠正月龄6、9、12个月龄进行评估,对Peabody运动发育量表中各指标应用SPSS 21.0进行统计分析。结果 干预后,纠正月龄6、9、12个月龄时,观察组和对照组Peabody运动发育量表中粗大运动商(GMQ)、精细运动商(FMQ)、总运动商(TMQ)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),重复测量方差分析发现观察组和对照组的GMQ、FMQ、TMQ评分的组间效应差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),时间效应差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),干预因素与时间因素不存在交互作用(P>0.05)。结论 GMs评估对高危儿早期干预具有指导意义。GMs评估正常者,家庭康复训练可达到促进高危儿运动功能发育的目的 ,避免仅因系高危儿而采取“过度干预”。     

快速康复外科护理在经鼻蝶入路垂体瘤切除术围术期护理中的效果分析

目的 探讨快速康复外科护理在经鼻蝶入路垂体瘤切除术围术期护理中应用效果。方法 选择我院2016年3月～2019年3月收治的经鼻碟入路垂体切除术患者中50例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组(n=25)与研究组(n=25),对照组患者给予常规围手术期护理,研究组患者在此基础上实施快速康复外科护理,比较两组手术相关指标、护理不良事件及护理满意度。结果 两组术中出血量及手术时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);研究组患者的入住监护室时间、术后住院时间、不良事件总发生率、护理总满意度均优于对照组(P0.05)。结论 对经鼻碟入路垂体瘤切除术患者予围手术期快速康复外科护理,能够有效降低护理不良事件发生率,缩短患者住院时间,提高患者护理满意度,值得临床推广应用。     

补阳还五汤对大鼠缺血性脑中风损伤后轴突再生的影响

目的:探索补阳还五汤促进缺血性脑中风大鼠轴突再生和神经康复的作用。方法:SD大鼠共180只,建立大脑中动脉梗死(MCAO)模型,选取造模成功的大鼠随机分成模型组、补阳还五汤组(12 g·kg~(-1))和尼莫地平组(20 mg·kg~(-1)),另设假手术组,每组28只。连续灌胃给药7 d后,断头取脑,通过TTC染色检测脑梗死率,测定脑含水量检测脑水肿程度,改良银染法观察轴突变性,免疫荧光染色观察神经微丝蛋白-200(NF-200)的表达,实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)检测排斥性导向分子a(RGMa),Ras同源酶(Rho),Rho激酶(ROCK)和脑衰反应调节蛋白2(CRMP2)的mRNA表达,并通过改良神经功能评分观察神经功能恢复情况。结果:与假手术组比较,模型组的脑梗死体积和脑含水量显著上升(P0.01),神经功能显著下降(P0.01),轴突变性和神经纤维损伤严重,轴突生长相关蛋白的mRNA表达异常(P0.01);与模型组比较,补阳还五汤组和尼莫地平组的脑损伤程度明显降低,表现为脑梗死率和脑含水量显著降低(P0.01),轴突变性减少;NF-200阳性染色增多;RGMa,Rho和ROCK的mRNA表达明显降低(P0.05),CRMP2的mRNA表达显著升高(P0.01),神经功能明显提高(P0.05)。结论:补阳还五汤可通过调节轴突生长相关蛋白的mRNA表达促进缺血性脑中风损伤后轴突再生,从而改善神经功能。