La réalité virtuelle : retombées thérapeutiques sur l’ajustement de l’axe corporel chez les enfants infirmes moteurs cérébraux

Through the practical physiotherapy rehabilitation activities at the cerebral palsy children, the physiotherapists are opposed to major problems which represent the rectification the body spine with all the complications related (orthopaedic deformities, problem of equipment's installation, respiratory complications). This work is a result of a case study made at the end of the master's degree II in Sciences of the motricity was carried out at the laboratory of neurophysiology and biomechanics of the movement at the ULB.

Effect of β-blockers on triggering of symptomatic atrial fibrillation by anger or stress

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A perception-based study to explore COVID-19 pandemic stress and its factors in Bangladesh

Background and aimsWorldwide the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated sufferings of mental health and behaviour attitudes of people. Many countries, including Bangladesh, reported suicide as extreme consequences of the psychological burden influenced by COVID-19. The present study explores human stress and its factor influenced by COVID-19 in Bangladesh, which significantly affect the quality of life.MethodsAn online-based questionnaire survey was conducted among 651 adult Bangladeshi populations by capturing socio-demographic information, possible human stress, and consequences of the pandemic. A set of statistical tools such as Pearson's Correlation Matrix (PCM), T-test, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) were applied to identify the relationship between different factors and influential factors increasing human stress.ResultsMore than 83% of the participants are facing COVID-19 related mental stress, which results in short temper, sleep disorder, and family chaos. PCA and HCA outcomes indicated a significant relationship between the respondents' opinions and human stress factors, which harmonized with the country's existing scenario. PCM results enlighten the relationship between human stress factors and found financial hardship, cutting back daily spending, and food crisis are interconnected together causes stress. Also, hampering students' formal education and future career plans significantly contribute to mental stress.ConclusionBased on the above findings, it's crucial to introduce a time-oriented strategy and implement precaution monitoring plans for Bangladesh. The rescue plan will help people to manage the pandemic and improve mental health to fight against psychological challenges related to COVID-19 and future pandemics.     

Sexual Anal Pain in Gay and Bisexual Men: In Search of Explanatory Factors

BackgroundSexual anal pain—or anodyspareunia—in gay and bisexual men is a scientifically and clinically neglected topic. More understanding of its origins and correlates is needed.AimTo search for correlates of painful anal intercourse with the inclusion of minority stress processes.MethodsThe analysis is based on data collected in an Internet study on the sexuality of Polish gay, bisexual, and straight men. Multiple ordinal regression analysis was used to search for the correlates of painful receptive anal intercourse in a group of 1,443 nonheterosexual men who declared practicing this type of intercourse within the last 12 months. The investigated correlates included demographics, sexual patterns and experiences, experiencing minority stress, sexual problems, and mental and physical health. To assess the level of minority stress, we used the Sexual Minority Stress Scale based on Ilan Meyer's Minority Stress Model, with its subscales relating to internalized homophobia, expectation of rejection, concealment, and sexual minority negative events. Sexual problems were measured with single-item questions adapted from the National Health and Social Life Survey. Data on the remaining correlates were obtained using a survey that we developed.Main Outcome MeasuresThe intensity of pain during receptive anal sexual intercourse as rated on a 5-point Likert scale was a dependent variable.ResultsAge (odds ratio [OR]: 0.97; P < .001), performance anxiety (OR: 1.94; P < .001), and internalized homophobia (OR: 1.04; P < .001) were the only statistically significant predictors of the intensity of pain during receptive anal sexual intercourse.Clinical ImplicationsClinicians addressing sexual anal pain should consider performance anxiety, internalized homophobia, and younger age as possible operating factors.Strengths & LimitationsThe major strengths of the study include the provision of additional data on this neglected topic derived from a large sample of participants from the little recognized Central European cultural context and the major limitations are the nonrepresentative sampling, retrospective data collection, cross-sectional design, Internet methodology, and lack of information on the clinical relevance of experienced pain, that is, distress or help-seeking, as well as its recurrent or persistent character.ConclusionPainful sexual anal activity requires further investigation.Grabski B, Kasparek K. Sexual Anal Pain in Gay and Bisexual Men: In Search of Explanatory Factors. J Sex Med 2020;17:716–730.     

Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition prevents stress induced amygdala activation and anxiety-like behavior

Stress is a major risk factor for the development and exacerbation of mood and anxiety disorders, and recent studies have suggested inflammatory contributions to the pathogenesis of depression. Interestingly, pharmacological inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has shown promise in the treatment of affective disorders in small scale clinical studies; however, the mechanisms by which COX-2 inhibition affects behavioral domains relevant to affective disorders are not well understood. Here, we examined the effects of pharmacological inhibition of COX-2 with the highly selective inhibitor Lumiracoxib (LMX) on anxiety-like behavior and in vivo basolateral amygdala (BLA) neural activity in response to acute restraint stress exposure. In male mice, pretreatment with LMX prevented the increase in BLA calcium transients induced by restraint stress and prevented anxiogenic behavior seen after restraint stress exposure. Specifically, acute injection of LMX 5 mg kg⁻¹ reduced anxiety-like behavior in the light–dark box (LD) and elevated-zero maze (EZM). In addition, in vivo fiber photometry studies showed that acute stress increased calcium transients and the predicted action potential frequency of BLA neurons, which was also normalized by acute LMX pretreatment. These findings indicate pharmacological inhibition of COX-2 can prevent acute stress-induced increase in BLA cellular activity and anxiety-like behavior and provides insights into the neural mechanisms by which COX-2 inhibition could affect anxiety domain symptoms in patients with affective disorders.     

Acute stress induces chronic neuroinflammatory,microglial and behavioral priming: A role for potentiated NLRP3 inflammasome activation

Prior exposure to acute and chronic stressors potentiates the neuroinflammatory and microglial pro-inflammatory response to subsequent immune challenges suggesting that stressors sensitize or prime microglia. Stress-induced priming of the NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in this priming phenomenon, however the duration/persistence of these effects has not been investigated. In the present study, we examined whether exposure to a single acute stressor (inescapable tailshock) induced a protracted priming of the NLRP3 inflammasome as well as the neuroinflammatory, behavioral and microglial proinflammatory response to a subsequent immune challenge in hippocampus. In male Sprague-Dawley rats, acute stress potentiated the neuroinflammatory response (IL-1β, IL-6, and NFκBIα) to an immune challenge (lipopolysaccharide; LPS) administered 8 days after stressor exposure. Acute stress also potentiated the proinflammatory cytokine response (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF and NFκBIα) to LPS ex vivo. This stress-induced priming of microglia also was observed 28 days post-stress. Furthermore, challenge with LPS reduced juvenile social exploration, but not sucrose preference, in animals exposed to stress 8 days prior to immune challenge. Exposure to acute stress also increased basal mRNA levels of NLRP3 and potentiated LPS-induction of caspase-1 mRNA and protein activity 8 days after stress.The present findings suggest that acute stress produces a protracted vulnerability to the neuroinflammatory effects of subsequent immune challenges, thereby increasing risk for stress-related psychiatric disorders with an etiological inflammatory component.Further, these findings suggest the unique possibility that acute stress might induce innate immune memory in microglia.     

腹腔镜腹股沟斜疝手术患儿麻醉诱导前应用右美托咪定的影响

目的探究麻醉诱导前应用右美托咪定（DEX）对腹腔镜腹股沟斜疝手术患儿应激反应、血流动力学及苏醒质量的影响。 方法选取2017年2月至2018年12月，临高县人民医院84例腹腔镜腹股沟斜疝手术患儿为研究对象，采用随机数字表法分为DEX组及对照组，每组42例。DEX组麻醉诱导前给予DEX滴鼻，对照组麻醉诱导前则给予生理盐水滴鼻。比较2组入室时（T0）、麻醉诱导前（T1）、建立气腹时（T2）、手术结束时（T3）血流动力学[平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）]和T0、T3时应激反应[去甲肾上腺素（NE）、肾上腺素（E）]与T0、T1时焦虑状态[改良耶鲁手术前焦虑量表（mYPAS）]，并记录2组麻醉诱导配合度[麻醉诱导期合作量表（ICC）]、麻醉苏醒情况（呼吸恢复时间、拔管时间、苏醒时间）、不良反应发生情况。 结果2组T0、T1时组内及组间MAP、HR比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；2组T2、T3时MAP、HR均低于T0、T1（P<0.05），T3则低于T2（P<0.05）；且T2、T3时，DEX组MAP、HR均低于对照组（P<0.05）。T3时，2组血清NE、E均较T0时升高（P<0.05），且对照组高于DEX组（P<0.05）。对照组T0、T1时mYPAS评分比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；T1时，DEX组mYPAS评分较T0时降低（P<0.05），且低于对照组（P<0.05）。DEX组ICC评分及呼吸恢复时间、拔管时间、苏醒时间、术后躁动发生率均低于对照组（P<0.05）。2组不自主运动、恶心呕吐、分泌物增多发生情况比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论麻醉诱导前应用DEX能提高腹腔镜腹股沟斜疝手术麻醉苏醒质量，减少术后躁动，还能降低患儿术中血流动力学波动及应激反应，在减轻术前焦虑、提高患儿配合度方面也有重要作用。