The use of the STRs HUMTH01, HUMVWA31/A,HUMF13A1, HUMFES/FPS,HUMLPL in forensic application: Validation studies and population data for Galicia (NW Spain)

The 5 tetranucleotide short tandem repeats, HUMTHOI, HUMVWA31/A, HUMF13A1, HUMFES/FPS and HUMLPL were studied using different electrophoretic methods and PCR amplification conditions in order to optimize the typing conditions. A genetic population study in the population of Galicia was carried out and the allele and genotype frequencies are given. Compliance with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was tested using different statistical parameters, with clear advantages resulting in favor of using the exact test (Guo-Thompson method) instead of conventional chi-square methods. Some statistical parameters of forensic interest (PD, CE, h) were also calculated. There were no mutations found in a total of 73 paternal meioses and 101 maternal meioses. Abnormal electrophoretic mobility was found in the AT-rich STR HUMF13AI under non-denaturing conditions and, therefore, the use of denaturing conditions is absolutely necessary. No "stutter" bands were found, although double peaks in the HUMFES/FPS system were observed in some samples. The advantage of using automated sequencers with fluorescent technology is also reported.     

4个铁路区段提速列车噪声影响调查

为探讨提速列车噪声对铁路两侧环境及居民健康影响,依据声源,环境噪声等固定标准,对４个铁路运行区段进行了调查。     

Population studies of three AMPFLPs systems in a North Polish population

Allele and phenotype frequencies for D1S80, D17S5 and ApoB were determined in a population sample of more than 200 unrelated persons from North Poland using the PCR method. For D1S80, D17S5 and ApoB 19, 13 and 21 alleles respectively were observed. No deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were detected. All three systems have discrimination values above 92% and a cumulative discrimination index of 4.5 × 10⁴.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. J. Gerchow on the occasion of his 75th anniversary     

Polymorphism analysis of the VNTR locus D17S5 in Central Spain

The fragment length polymorphism YNZ22 (D17S5) was analysed for a sample of 207 unrelated individuals living in Madrid (Spanish Caucasians) using PCR-methodology and high resolution separation. Hardy-Weinberg expectations (HWE) were calculated after pooling alleles into four groups. No deviations from HWE were detectable using the conventional ²-test. The power of discrimination was estimated as 0.96 and the mean paternity exclusion chance as 0.7587. A comparison of the allele frequency distribution with those of other Caucasian groups revealed no major differences.     

Reference ranges of echocardiographic measurements in the Dutch population

Reference ranges for echocardiographic measurements were determinedin 609 healthy Dutch subjects, using height, weight, age, sex,RR-interval and blood pressure (in adults only) as determinants.Endsystolic as well as end-diastolic measurements of the aorticroot as well as left ventricular inner diameter, posterior andseptal thickness were taken, as was the left atrial end-systolicdiameter. Multiple linear regression was performed of the form: =A.(age)^B.(height)^C.(weight)^D.(RR-interval)^E.(sex)^F. The residuals were calculated in order to determine the percentilelimits by means of linear interpolation. Sex and weight weresignificant determinants in all the echocardiographic parametersstudied. The results were presented twofold, with a simple versionfor males and females separately, using only weight as a determinantand allowing graphical presentation, and secondly a complexversion taking into account all determinants, which can onlybe solved with help of a calculator.     

甲醛接触工人的外周血淋巴细胞微核研究

甲醛（ＦＡ）在多种体外诱变测试中呈阳性，啮齿动物吸入甲醛蒸气后引起鼻腔鳞状上皮细胞癌＾（１，２），接触人群的肿瘤发病主有升高趋势，因此对甲醛接触人群进行简单有效的遗传毒理学的生物学监测是十分必要的，本次研究微核测试的结果证实，８０名平均工龄，１２年甲醛接触者的外周血淋巴细胞微核细胞率较对照组有极显著的增加（Ｐ〈０．０１），接触组吸烟人群较对照组吸烟人群的微核细胞率有极明显的增高（Ｐ〈０．０１），接     

Validating the EQ-5D with time trade off for the German population

The aim of this survey study was to derive the societal values of the general public for the EuroQol EQ-5D. Using the same protocol as previously used in the United Kingdom, we compared the German values with the British. In face-to-face interviews a sample of 339 individuals in northern Germany valued 15 different health states from a sample of 36 states. Values were derived using the York MVH protocol for time trade-off (TTO) and a visual analogue scale (VAS). Values for all 243 health states of the EQ-5D were estimated by a regression model. The VAS values revealed close a resemblance to the British VAS results. German TTO values were higher than the British. This was especially the case for the worse health states. The results suggest that the TTO values are more related to national variables than values derived by VAS. The use of the TTO values of this investigation makes it possible to anticipate these cultural differences in studies carried out in Germany.     

Multiple representations of information in the primary auditory cortex of cats. II. Stability and change in early (<32 ms), rapid components of activity after conditioning with a click conditioned stimulus

Activity was recorded from single units of the A(I) cortex of awake animals to identify early (<32 ms) components of the population response to a 70 dB click and establish if they changed after using the click as a CS for conditioning. A 70 dB hiss was used as a discriminative stimulus. Responses to these stimuli were compared before and after a forward order of pairing that produced conditioning and a backward order of pairing that produced weak sensitization (backward conditioning). Averages of discharges in 2 and 4 ms bins distinguished primary (8-12 ms) from secondary (12-16 ms) temporal components of response to the click, and confirmed that the onset of the response was shorter in A(I) (8 ms, mean of 647 units) than in the adjacent, A(II) cortex (16 ms, mean of 95 units). (All times include a 1.6 ms transmission delay in sound arrival.) Primary and secondary components of A(I) responses to click did not change uniformly after changes in behavioral state, and were affected differently by both conditioning and backward conditioning. The percentage of cells with onsets of response to the click at secondary latencies (and to the hiss at tertiary latencies) increased after backward conditioning but not after conditioning, as did the magnitude of activity in response to the click. (The latter had a lesser degree of increase after conditioning.) The primary response to the click did not show these increases. The non-uniform changes suggested that temporal processing of the click was conducted differently in the 8-12 ms post stimulus period than in the 12-16 ms period. Within the total population of cells, it was possible to identify a small subgroup (13%) of highly auditory-responsive units that showed an increased primary response to the click as a CS selectively after conditioning and not after backward conditioning. The secondary component of response in these cells increased after both conditioning and backward conditioning. The percentages of cells responding to the click and hiss at primary latencies did not change significantly after conditioning, even in the subgroup of highly responsive cells. The results characterize differently timed components of rapid responses to acoustic stimuli in the A(I) cortex, disclose significant temporal differences in primary, secondary and tertiary information processing that affect the representations of the transmitted acoustic message across different behavioral states, and find one representation in a small subgroup of cells that supports the hypothesis that cells of the A(I) cortex have a selectively potentiated response to the CS after conditioning.     

Validation of outcome prediction in elderly patients

We recently described an equation for predicting the 1-year survival of critically ill patients aged over 70 years. The aim of this study was to check the performance of this equation in a validation group of 555 patients. The required demographic details (age, diagnosis, acute physiology score) of all elderly patients admitted between 1/4/95 and 31/9/96 were recorded and patients were followed for 1 year. One hundred and six patients died on the intensive care unit (19% mortality) and a further 134 died within 1 year (43% total 1-year mortality). The performance of the predictive equation was modest; the goodness-of-fit p-value was 0.04 and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.75. For both groups, the combined 1-year survival of all critically ill elderly patients was 55% but the outcome of patients aged over 85 years remains poor (37%).     

舰艇上蜚蠊的调查与防制

目的　了解舰艇上蜚蠊种群并进行防制。方法　用药激法和粘捕法进行调查 ,滞留喷洒进行防制。结果蜚蠊种群有 3属 6种 ,德国小蠊最多 ,占 82 .2 2 % ,其次为美洲大蠊和黑胸大蠊 ;复方制剂对蚊、蝇、蜚蠊的KT50 分别为9.87、3 .2 8和 1.2 4min ,48h死亡率均为 10 0 % ;对 17艘舰艇进行灭蜚蠊处理 ,杀灭率分别为 88.79%和 97.80 %。结论　舰艇上蜚蠊以德国小蠊为主 ,采用复方制剂防制蜚蠊效果满意。