肿瘤标志物和肺门淋巴结与肺腺癌全身骨显像骨转移的关系

 目的 探讨肺腺癌肿瘤标志物与骨转移之间的关系。方法 回顾性分析278例肺腺癌患者的全身骨显像，采用单因素Pearson卡方分析和Logistic二分类回归法对肺腺癌骨转移的相关因素进行分析。结果 （1）单因素卡方分析结果: CA125（P=0.000）、CYFRA21-1（P=0.000）、NSE（P=0.000）、SCC（P=0.036）、CEA（P=0.000）、ALP（P=0.000）、肺门淋巴节（P=0.000）均是骨转移的危险因素（均P<0.05）；（2）二分类分析结果：CA125（P=0.009, OR=1.007）、NSE（P=0.012, OR=1.097）、ALP（P=0.001, OR=1.022）、CEA（P=0.013, OR=1.004）、肺门淋巴节（P=0.029, OR=2.136）是骨转移的危险因素（均P<0.05, 均OR>1），具有统计学意义; SCC（P=0.169, OR=1.194)、ProGRP（P=0.703, OR=1.004）是骨转移的危险因素（均OR>1），但不具统计学意义（均P>0.05）。结论 CA125、NSE、ALP、CEA、肺门淋巴节与骨转移有关；SCC、ProGRP是骨转移的危险因素，但不具统计学意义；CYFRA21-1与骨转移无关。     

中文版胃肠神经内分泌肿瘤患者生活质量量表的信效度评定

目的验证中文版胃肠神经内分泌肿瘤患者生活质量量表(QLQ-GI.NET21)的信度及效度。方法在征得欧洲癌症治疗研究组织同意后,获得原始量表。邀请国内6名医护专家对量表内容进行评分,计算内容效度。应用癌症患者生存质量核心量表(QLQ-C30)和QLQ-GI.NET21分别对235例胃肠神经内分泌肿瘤患者进行问卷调查。并于2周后随机抽取60例进行再次问卷调查。结果共回收有效问卷220份,46例完成2周后的重测。QLQ-GI.NET21总量表内部一致性信度0.913;重测信度为0.899;内容效度指数为0.889;与QLQ-C30量表总分的相关性为0.417(P0.01),探索性因子分析提取出5个公因子,累积贡献率63.10%,具有良好的结构效度。该量表各条目有良好的区分度(P0.05)。结论中文版QLQ-GI.NET21量表具有良好的信效度,可用于胃肠神经内分泌肿瘤患者生活质量的测评。     

Microarray-based measurement of microRNA-449c-5p levels in hepatocellular carcinoma and bioinformatic analysis of potential signaling pathways

The clinical role and potential molecular mechanisms of microRNA-449c-5p (miR-449c-5p) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues remains unclear. Combining multiple bioinformatic tools, we studied the miR-449c-5p expression levels in HCC tissues and explored possible target genes and related signaling pathways. First, miR-449c-5p expression data from microarrays provided by publicly available sources were mined and analyzed using various meta-analysis methods. Next, genes that were downregulated after miR-449c-5p mimic transfection into HCC cells were identified, and in silico methods were used to predict potential target genes. Several bioinformatic assessments were also performed to evaluate the possible signaling pathways of miR-449c-5p in HCC. Five microarrays were included in the current study, including GSE98269, GSE64632, GSE74618, GSE40744 and GSE57555. The standard mean difference was 0.44 (0.07–0.80), and the area under the curve was 0.68 (0.63–0.72), as assessed by meta-analyses, which consistently indicated the upregulation of miR-449c-5p in HCC tissues. A total of 2244 genes were downregulated after miR-449c-5p mimic transfection into an HCC cell line, while 5217 target genes were predicted by in silico methods. The overlap of these two gene pools led to a final group of 428 potential target genes of miR-449c-5p. These 428 potential target genes were primarily enriched in the homologous recombination pathway, which includes DNA Polymerase Delta 3 (POLD3). Data mining with Oncomine and the Human Protein Atlas showed a decreasing trend in POLD3 mRNA and protein levels in HCC tissue samples. This evidence suggests that miR-449c-5p could play an essential role in HCC through various pathways and that POLD3 could be a potential miR-449c-5p target. However, these in silico findings should be validated with further experiments.     

Vesicular swelling in the cervical region with lymph sac formation in human embryos

Vesicular swelling in the cervical region (VSC) is occasionally observed among human embryos around Carnegie stage (CS) 21. However, its mechanism and significance in fetal development are unclear. The present study aimed to analyze the relation of development of VSC with jugular lymph sac (JLS) formation. Serial histological sections that were digitalized from 14 embryos at CS20 and CS21 stored at the Kyoto Collection were used for the analysis. Subcutaneous edema and enlargement of the subarachnoid space were found to cause VSC. No obvious abnormalities in cranial regions that may be related to the VSC were detected on histological sections. Three-dimensional reconstructions revealed the following: (a) the JLS was located bilaterally at the levels between the first and fourth cervical vertebrae; (b) the JLS was pyramidal in shape; and (c) no severe deformity and/or malformation was found in all samples. The JLS was not connected to the subcutaneous tissue and subarachnoid space in all samples. The mean volume of the JLS increased nine-times from CS20 (0.02 mm³ in VSC [−] group) to CS21 (0.18 mm³ in VSC [−] group). The mean volume of the JLS was comparable between the VSC [−] and VSC (+) groups at both CS20 and CS21. A moderate correlation was observed between VSCd and the mean volume of the JLS in both groups at CS20 (R² = 0.75) and CS21 (R² = 0.56). In conclusion, the dynamics of the lymphatic system at the cervical region may contribute to VSC observed around CS21. © 2019 Japanese Teratology Society     

The prognostic and predictive role of 21-gene recurrence scores in hormone receptor-positive early-stage breast cancer

Over the past two decades, gene expression profiling of breast cancer has emerged as an important tool in early-stage breast cancer management. The approach provides important information on underlying biological mechanisms, breast cancer classification, future risk potential of developing recurrent metastatic disease, and provides beneficial clues for adjuvant chemotherapy in hormone receptor (HR) positive breast cancer. Of the commercially available genomic tests for breast cancer, the prognostic and predictive value of 21-gene recurrence score tests have been validated using both retrospective data and prospective clinical trials. In this paper, we reviewed the current evidence on 21-gene expression profiles for HR-positive HER2-negative early-stage breast cancer management. We show that current evidence supports endocrine therapy alone as an appropriate adjuvant systemic therapy for approximately 70% of women with HR-positive, HER2-negative, node-negative breast cancer. Evolving evidence also suggests that 21-gene recurrence scores have predictive values for node-positive breast cancer and that chemotherapy can be avoided in more than half of women with nodes 1 to 3 positive HR-positive breast cancer. Furthermore, retrospective data also supports the predictive role of 21-gene recurrence scores for adjuvant radiation therapy. A prospective trial in this area is ongoing.     

circCDYL Acts as a Tumor Suppressor in Triple Negative Breast Cancer by Sponging miR-190a-3p and Upregulating TP53INP1

BackgroundBreast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among females. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been implicated in the initiation and development of cancer. Here, we explored the biological role and regulatory mechanism of circCDYL in breast cancer.Materials and MethodsThe expression and correlation of circCDYL/miR-190a-3p/TP53INP1 axis in breast cancer tissues and cells were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Cell-counting Kit-8, colony formation, cell migration, and invasion assays were applied to investigate the biological roles of circCDYL in breast cancer development and progression.ResultsCircCDYL were down-regulated in breast cancer tissues and cells, the expression of which positively correlated with patients’ survival rate. CircCDYL worked as a “sponge,” binding to miR-190a-3p directly, which inhibited the expression of miR-190a-3p and relieved the inhibition of tumor suppressor gene TP53INP1.ConclusionCircCDYL promotes apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of the malignant phenotype of breast cancer through regulating miR-190a-3p/TP53INP1 axis, which suggests that circCDYL is a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.     

炎症性肠病患儿血清Th17相关细胞因子表达及其意义

目的　探讨儿童IBD患者血清中Th17相关细胞因子的表达水平及其临床意义。方法　收集2017年4月至2019年5月在西安交通大学附属儿童医院消化科住院治疗的儿童IBD患者40例，以同期21例非炎症性疾病儿童作为对照组。采集受检者血清标本，通过酶联免疫吸附试验检测白细胞介素-17A（IL-17A）、 IL-17F、 IL-21、 IL-22、 IL-25的表达水平。结果　IL-17A、 IL-17F、 IL-21和IL-22在溃疡性结肠炎（UC）及克罗恩病（CD）患儿血清中表达明显升高，IL-25明显降低（P＜0.05）；IL-17A、 IL-17F及IL-21血清水平与UC患儿疾病活动度呈正相关（P＜0.05）；IL-21在UC患儿血清中的表达与IL-17A和IL-17F的表达呈正相关（P＜0.05）。结论　Th17相关细胞因子在IBD患儿血清中表达失调，为进一步研究Th17细胞在儿童IBD中的作用提供了依据；IL-17A、 IL-17F、 IL-21血清水平与UC患儿疾病活动度呈正相关，表明其可能是Th17细胞触发儿童UC的重要促炎细胞因子。     

microRNA-21 mediates epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human hepatocytes via PTEN/Akt pathway

miR-21 has been shown to play fundamental role in diverse biological and pathological processes, including fibrotic diseases. In the present study, we investigated whether miR-21 regulated the fibrogenic epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human hepatocytes QSG-7701 and explored underlying mechanisms. The results showed that treatment of QSG-7701 cells with pro-fibrogenic factor TGF-β₁ resulted in increased expression of miR-21 and promoted fibrogenic EMT in hepatocytes. Downregulation of miR-21 expression by transfection of anti-miR-21 into QSG-7701 cells inhibited fibrogenic EMT induced by TGF-β₁. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-21 alone also resulted in EMT-like transformation in QSG-7701 cells. TGF-β₁ treatment resulted in decreased PTEN and increased Akt phosphorylation and anti-miR-21 abolished this effect. Overexpression of miR-21 in QSG-7701 cells also downregulated PTEN and upregulated Akt phosphralation. Inhibition of Akt signaling by specific inhibitor Akt inhibitor IV blocked TGF-β₁ and miR-21-induced fibrogenic EMT. In summary, our results identify miR-21 as a key regulator of fibrogenic EMT in hepatocytes via PTEN/Akt pathway. Targeting miR-21 may provide a new therapeutic strategy against hepatic fibrosis.     

Multiomics analyses reveal a critical role of selenium in controlling T cell differentiation in Crohn’s disease

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