改良经皮肝穿胆道引流术治疗恶性胆道梗阻的临床研究

目的:观察及研究改良经皮肝穿胆道引流术治疗恶性梗阻的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2011年6月到2012年12月来我院接受治疗的108例胆道梗阻患者的资料,对其行PTCD术放置胆道引流管,通过肝脏穿刺的次数、穿刺的时间、内引流及支架植入的例数、引流的有效时间等来观察通过改良PTCD与常规PTCD术治疗的患者在治疗前后血清胆红素及转氨酶的变化情况。结果:在治疗前后患者的血清总胆红素及谷丙转氨酶均有所下降,改良PTCD术优于常规PTCD术(x2=61.4876,P0.05)。结论:改良经皮肝穿胆道引流术治疗恶性胆道梗阻,简单、实用、安全,有效的改善了病人的生存质量,值得临床推广应用。     

梗阻性左半结肠癌的治疗现状与争议

结直肠癌是常见的消化系统恶性肿瘤。结直肠癌合并梗阻的概率达20%,其中有70%发生在左半结肠。针对梗阻性左半结肠癌的治疗目前未达成共识。面对恶性梗阻患者,临床通常选择紧急手术或者自体膨胀性金属支架植入后择期手术。紧急手术可及时切除肿瘤,但是却带来高死亡率和并发症率;金属支架植入极大降低了危险并发症的概率,但是对远期预后的改善并没有明显提高。而选择手术时又面临分期手术还是一期肠切除吻合术的抉择,分期手术患者花费高,一期肠切除吻合术吻合口瘘风险高。如何选择最有利于患者的治疗方式取决于外科医生的临床决策能力,同时也需要开展更多的多中心临床研究。本文就梗阻性左半结肠癌的治疗现状与争议进行综述。      

纤维蛋白原对模拟人工体液中不锈钢腐蚀行为的影响

在模拟人工体液PBS溶液中采用电化学测试技术考察了纤维蛋白原对冠状动脉支架用SUS316L和SUS317L不锈钢腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明：纤维蛋白原的存在增大了介质对材料的浸蚀性。在含纤维蛋白原的溶液中,试样的自腐蚀电位负移,维钝电流密度增大,点蚀击穿电位（Eb)降低。并利用扫描电镜观察了吸附现象,发现吸附的纤维蛋白原呈白色条状,不连续地分布在材料表面。     

Novel completed biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent versus durable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent in de novo lesions: nine-month angiographic and three-year clinical outcomes of HOPE trial

Background Drug-eluting stents（DES） with durable polymer have significantly reduced restenosis and target vessel revascularization compared with bare metal stents. Durable polymer has been linked with persistent inflammation of vessel wall and delayed endothelial healing that may increase the risk of late and very late stent thrombosis. This study sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HELLOS completed biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent （SES） in de novo coronary lesions.Methods Totally, 287 patients with one or two de novo coronary lesions （lesion length ≤38 mm and reference vessel diameter 2.5-4.0 mm） were enrolled in the HOPE study, a prospective, multicenter, randomized, non-inferiority trial. Patients were randomized to treatment either with HELIOS completed biodegradable polymer SES （n=142） or PARTNER durable polymer SES （n=145）. The primary endpoint was angiographic in-stent late lumen loss （LLL） at 9-month follow-up. The secondary endpoint included stent thrombosis and major adverse cardiac events including cardiac death, myocardial infarction （MI） and target lesion revascularization （TLR）.Results The 9-month in-stent LLL in the HELIOS group was similar to the PARTNER group, （0.16±0.22） mm vs. （0.19±0.30） mm （P=0.28）. The difference and 95% confidence interval were -0.03 （-0.09, 0.04）, and the P value for non-inferiority 〈0.01. Major adverse cardiovascular event （MACE） occurred in 7.9% vs. 8.2%, MI in 2.4% vs. 3.0%, TLR in 5.5% vs. 3.0%, and stent thrombosis in 0 vs. 1.5%; and events were comparable between the HELIOS group and PARTNER aroup at three-year follow-up （all P 〉0.05）. The three-year cardiac death was lower in the HELIOS group, butwith no significant difference, 0 vs. 3.0% （P=0.12）. Conclusions In the HOPE trial, the novel completed biodegradable polymer SES HELIOS was non-inferior to the durable polymer SES PARTNER with respect to nine-month in-stent LLL in de novo coronary lesions. The incidence of other clin     

Acute myocardial infarction and sub-acute stent thrombosis associated with occult essential thrombocythemia

70-year-old female with no Aprevious cardiac history resented with complaints of severe chest and back pain lasting for 20 minutes. She had a past history of type 2 diabetes mellitus for five years and hypertension for twenty years, but denied a history of hyperlipidemia, smoking or hemorrhagic disorder. There was no family history of coronary artery or hematologic disease. On physical examination, the blood pressure was 145/90 mmHg and the heart rate was 102 beats/rain. Cardiac examination revealed normal S1 and $2 sounds. There were no murmors or clicks. The lungs were clear on auscultation. Hepatosplenomegaly or lymphadenopathy was not detected. Her electrocardiogram showed ST elevations in lead V1-V6, consistent with acute anterior MI and echocardiogram supported the diagnosis with a slight reduction in wall motion in the anterior region. Complete blood count revealed a white blood cell count of 9 000/mm3 with a normal differential, red blood cell count of 3.5×106/mm3, hematocrit of 40.2%, and platelet count of 238 000/mm3. Emergent coronary angiography demonstrated proximal thrombotic occlusion of the left anterior descending artery （LAD） （Figure 1A）. A loading dose of 600 mg clopidogrel and 300 mg acetylsalicylic asid （ASA） was given immediately. After administration of 10 000 U intravenous heparin, angioplasty was performed and a 3.0 mm×20.0 mm bare metal stent （BMS） was deployed to the LAD. Repeat angiogram revealed TIMI III flow in the LAD （Figure 1B）. Five days later, the patient was discharged without any bleeding or thrombotic complications. She was receiving dual antiplatelet therapy with ASA and clopidogrel 150 mg daily. However, she was admitted to our hospital again with severe chest pain just one day after dischargement. Her platelet count of 487 000/mm3 was remarkable in comparison with her previous complete blood count. Electrocardiogram showed ST elevations in leads V1-V6, suggestive of an acute anterior reinfarction. Coronary angiography revealed in- stent thrombosis in     

食管金属支架植入术后穿孔致腹膜后积气保守治疗成功经验分析

<正>食管癌晚期患者癌性梗阻导致患者进食困难,行食管金属支架植入能有效改善患者进食状况,但行食管金属支架植入时需注意相关并发症出现的可能,本例患者在行金属支架植入术后导致穿孔致腹膜后积气,予以保守治疗成功,现经验总结如下。1病史分析患者男性,57岁,因"确诊食管癌2年,背胀伴吞咽困难3d"于2012年11月30日入院,患者2010年5月2日出现进食哽咽不适,2010年8年17日行胃镜及病理检查确诊为食     

金属加强结构对后牙4单位金属烤瓷固定桥强度的影响

目的比较不同桥体加强结构设计对烤瓷固定桥瓷层强度的影响,为临床使用合适的金属桥架设计提供参考。方法对C5、C6缺失采用C4-C7金属烤瓷双端固定桥模型,在烤瓷固定桥金属基底的舌侧设计点状和带状加强结构,以无加强结构设计作为对照,在桥体中央垂直于咬合面进行加载(速度0.5mm·min-1),记录饰面瓷破坏时的载荷以及破坏的形式。采用SPSS11.0软件进行统计分析,比较瓷层失败时的最大载荷值组间差异(α=0.05),并探讨不同设计组间瓷层破坏形式的差异。结果3种不同设计组发生瓷裂时的平均最大载荷分别为(0.87±0.06)kN(无加强结构)、(1.03±0.15)kN(点状加强结构)和(0.93±0.10)kN(带状加强结构)。无加强结构组与点状加强带组的最大载荷差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),其他组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在瓷层破坏形式上,各组间没有明显的差异,瓷层破坏的位置几乎都是在加载点周围和近远中固位体的连接体部位。结论金属桥架舌侧连接体区的点状加强结构对烤瓷桥强度可以起到明显的增强效果。     

重度气道狭窄置放国产镍钛记忆合金支架的方法学研究

目的 对重度气道狭窄患者置放国产镍钛记忆合金支架的方法学进行初步评价.方法 应用全身麻醉下分别采用经喉罩、气管插管或硬质气管镜的方法对2005年11月至2009年4月收入北京大坛医院呼吸科的40例难以在局部麻醉下操作的重症气道狭窄患者置入国产镍钛记忆合金气道支架.结果 40例患者根据病变部位及病变特点选择经喉罩23例,气管插管11例,硬质气管镜6例,并予全身麻醉及机械通气,共放置了42枚支架:气管支架27枚(其中覆膜支架9枚)、左主支气管支架8枚、右主支气管至右中间段支架2枚、气管至左主支气管楔形支架5枚.在全身麻醉、机械通气维持患者各项生命体征的条件下,所有病例都顺利置入,未出现并发症.支架释放后所有病例气道压力即降至正常,同时其他机械通气参数也恢复正常.大部分患者呼吸困难指数分级由Ⅳ～V级改善到0～Ⅱ级.结论 对于重度气道狭窄患者,在全身麻醉下经喉罩、气管插管及硬质气管镜的方法可以顺利放置局部麻醉下难以操作的各种高难度气道支架的置放,并且安全、有效、舒适,值得在临床进一步推广.     

食管癌支架植入术后三维适形放疗疗效分析

目的评价食管癌支架植入术后三维适形放疗疗效。方法对23例中重度狭窄食管癌患者置放钛镍合金网状被覆内支架2周后,行三维适形放疗。结果支架植入术后缓解了吞咽困难,提高了生活质量;放疗后随访复查:患者1年生存率为73.91%(17/23),两年生存率为21.74%(5/23)。结论支架植入术后行三维适形放疗可提高中重度狭窄食管癌患者的生活质量及近期疗效。     

被膜金属支架在气道瘘治疗中的应用研究

背景与目的气道瘘包括食管气管瘘、支气管胸膜瘘和气管纵隔瘘,临床治疗较为棘手。本文旨在探讨被膜金属支架封堵气道瘘的疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析32例食管气管瘘、5例支气管胸膜瘘和1例气管纵隔瘘患者在气管镜和/或X线透视下放置被膜金属支架。原发病为食管肿瘤26例,肺癌11例,甲状腺癌1例。结果 38例患者共有46个瘘口,口径0.5cm-7.0cm。放置Z型气管被膜金属支架40枚(其中Y形24枚,L形8枚和I形8枚)。食管放置被膜金属支架24枚。46个瘘口封堵疗效:治愈2例(4.3%),临床完全缓解28例(60.9%),部分缓解11例(23.9%),无效5例(10.9%),有效率为89.1%,中位生存时间为5个月。结论被膜金属支架能有效封堵食管气管瘘、支气管胸膜瘘和气管纵隔瘘。应首选气管支架封堵ERF,无效的患者可同时放置食管支架。分叉型气管支架尤其适于隆突周围瘘口。