2022年美国运动医学会《2型糖尿病患者的运动/身体活动指南》解读及启示

2型糖尿病（T2DM）是一种常见的慢性代谢性疾病。近年来,随着国内外相关指南的不断更新,T2DM患者的身体活动建议日趋完善,但在日常活动过程中仍有难点有待解决。2022年2月,美国运动医学会（ACSM）和美国糖尿病协会（ADA）在2010年《运动和2型糖尿病》的基础上进行了更新,针对不同年龄段T2DM患者的身体活动、最佳活动时机、医疗干预与身体活动的有效性、身体活动和饮食注意事项等方面提供了新的临床指导建议。本文对2022年指南的主要内容及重点更新内容进行解读,并提出对我国临床工作者开展T2DM患者运动/身体活动干预的建议。     

国外制定循证临床实践指南的进展

在查阅制定循证临床实践指南相关文献的基础上,介绍了评价循证临床实践指南质量的关键内容,包括制定和报道指南的程序.     

制定循证指南的原则

各国都有自己的临床指南,用于规范医疗行为,中国亦在建立自已的临床指南.然而,从全世界多年的临床指南使用情况看,并未达到应有的指导效果.循证医学的发展,给指南的制定带来了根本性的转变,以证据为基础建立循证临床指南已在世界迅速兴起.作者根据苏格兰制定国家循证指南的经验,对循证指南的建立原则进行了探讨,以供国内同事参考.     

Clinical practice guidelines in pediatric anesthesia: What constitutes high‐quality guidance?

The explosion of scientific evidence has outstripped the ability of individual clinicians to acquire, process, and apply it within a clinical context. Clinical practice guidelines bridge the gap between this large body of evidence and clinical practice by translating evidence into recommendations. As such, they are an important extension of the evidence‐based medicine paradigm. Guidelines promise to translate evidence into actionable clinical recommendations. However, this promise can only be realized if they are both useful and trustworthy. As the number of guidelines increases users’ question their role, the quality of the scientific evidence behind them and the strength of the recommendations made. In this article, we provide definitions and outline the features of the common forms of clinical guidance. We then describe the essential characteristics of good quality clinical guidance and outline initiatives aimed at improving quality. Specific issues and limitations related to guideline development in perioperative care of children are discussed. Finally, two clinical guidance documents, published recently in Pediatric Anesthesia, are discussed based upon these criteria.     

Considerations for head and neck oncology practices during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic: Wuhan and Toronto experience

The practices of head and neck surgical oncologists must evolve to meet the unprecedented needs placed on our health care system by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Guidelines are emerging to help guide the provision of head and neck cancer care, though in practice, it can be challenging to operationalize such recommendations. Head and neck surgeons at Wuhan University faced significant challenges in providing care for their patients. Similar challenges were faced by the University of Toronto during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) pandemic in 2003. Herein, we outline our combined experience and key practical considerations for maintaining an oncology service in the midst of a pandemic.