张北地震后应激障碍患者神经内分泌和细胞因子的研究

目的研究应激障碍患者血浆皮质醇、生长激素、泌乳素和白细胞介素(IL)2,6,8与正常个体的差异.方法于河北省张北尚义发生里氏6.2级地震后3个月,在当地选取因地震导致的创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)患者34例(PTSD组),未达到PTSD诊断标准且不符合其他精神障碍的受应激个体30例(非PTSD受应激组),未受应激者34名(对照组),进行血浆皮质醇、生长激素、泌乳素和白细胞介素(IL)2,6,8的检测.血浆皮质醇、生长激素、泌乳素、IL-2检测采用放射免疫法; IL-6和IL-8检测采用酶联免疫法.结果 PTSD组患者和非PTSD受应激组的血浆皮质醇浓度均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.013,P=0.006);血浆IL-2浓度均明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P=0.000,P=0.000).三组间泌乳素及IL-6的差异无统计学意义(P=0.389,P=0.363).PTSD组的生长激素浓度与非PTSD受应激组(P=0.099)及对照组(P=0.511)的差异无统计学意义.非PTSD受应激组的生长激素浓度明显高于对照组(P=0.014).PTSD组患者IL-8浓度明显高于非PTSD受应激组 (P=0.021), 而与对照组的差异无统计学意义 (P=0.078).非PTSD受应激组IL-8浓度明显低于对照组(P=0.000).结论 PTSD患者的神经内分泌和免疫系统有异常改变.     

血清泌乳素水平与帕金森病痴呆的相关性研究

目的探讨帕金森病痴呆（PDD）患者及帕金森病（PD）与血清泌乳素（PRL）的关系。方法测定30例在我院门诊体检中心进行体检的正常健康老人（正常对照组）,PD非痴呆患者（PD组）30例及帕金森病痴呆（PDD组）患者30例的血清PRL水平。并采用简明智能状况评价量表（MMSE）把PD患者分别划为痴呆组和非痴呆组。分别比较各组的血清PRL水平。结果PD非痴呆组者的血清PRL平均水平为6．49±67μg/L,低于正常对照组11．77±2．38μg/L；PDD组平均PRL水平为1．94±0．83μg/L,明显低于PD非痴呆组6．49±1．67μg/L。结论PDD患者的血清PRL水平是降低的。PDD患者的痴呆表现越重,血清PRL水平越低,二者呈高度相关。     

Effect of pindolol on endocrine and temperature responses to buspirone in healthy volunteers

Ten healthy subjects received buspirone (30 mg orally) with and without pre-treatment with the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, pindolol (80 mg over 3 days). Following pindolol treatment the growth hormone and hypothermic responses to buspirone were significantly decreased. There was also a delay in the onset of the prolactin response to buspirone but the total amount of prolactin secretion, calculated as area under the curve, was not significantly reduced. The data suggest that the growth hormone and hypothermic responses to buspirone in humans are mediated by 5-HT1A receptors, but an explanation founded on pharmacokinetic factors cannot presently be excluded. Both this latter possibility and the lack of selectivity of pindolol for 5-HT receptors indicate the need for the further neuroendocrine studies of the mode of action of buspirone, preferably with more selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonists.     

Gonadal axis hormones in male schizophrenic patients during treatment with haloperidol and after switch to risperidone

Rationale: The atypical neuroleptic risperidone, in addition to its dopamine receptor blocking activity, has a high affinity for serotonergic receptors. Since both dopaminergic and serotonergic neuronal activities participate in regulation of the pituitary – gonadal axis (PGA), it is expected that a switch from treatment with haloperidol to treatment with risperidone should influence plasma levels of PGA hormones. Objective: To study the effects of a drug with dopamine and serotonin receptor blocking activity on PGA hormones in patients who were on treatment with a dopamine receptor blocker. Methods: Plasma levels of testosterone, luteinizing harmone (LH) and follicle stimulating harmone (FSH), as well as prolactin and cortisol, were measured in 16 male schizophrenic patients during treatment with haloperidol (mean dose 23.3 mg daily, SD = 16.9) and 6 weeks later after switching to treatment with risperidone (mean dose 11.8 mg daily, SD = 2.9). Psychopathology was assessed by BPRS. Results: After switching to risperidone, total BPRS score and the scores in its subscales for positive, negative, and general symptoms were all significantly reduced in the order of 35–45%. Prolactin levels were significantly increased from 39.5 ± 22.3 to 58.9 ± 28.5 ng/ml (F = 4.61, P = 0.04), while cortisol, testosterone, LH, and FSH remained unchanged. No significant correlations between prolactin increases and reduction in BPRS or in its subscale scores were found. Conclusions: The results show that blocking of both dopamine and serotonin receptors does not influence the pituitary – gonadal axis but considerably increases prolactin release. Received: 29 June 1998/Final version: 23 October 1998     

放射免疫分析法测定血清性激素含量对女性性早熟的诊断价值

为探讨女性性早熟与性激素含量的变化。采用放射免疫分析法测定了53例2～8岁性早熟女童血清中性激素的含量。结果显示：53例患儿中,19倒真性性早熟血清E2含量为54.59±19.81μg／L;PRL含量为2．25±17．08μg/L,FSH含量为15.17±4.36μg/L,LH对含量为11.93±4.13μg/L,均已达到青春期水平。其余34例假性性早熟女童仅有E2含量升高。为此,作者认为：性激素的测定有助于鉴别各类性早熟。     

子宫内膜异位症不孕患者血清泌乳素水平分析

目的:探讨子宫内膜异位症不孕患者与非子宫内膜异位症不孕患者血清卵泡刺激素、黄体生成素、雌二醇、睾酮、促甲状腺激素及泌乳素的差异。方法:选取2015~2016年907例子宫内膜异位症不孕患者(观察组),与1579例非子宫内膜异位症的不孕患者(对照组),对比分析两组患者激素水平。结果:两组卵泡刺激素、黄体生成素、雌二醇、睾酮、促甲状腺激素水平差异无统计学意义。观察组泌乳素水平[(17.8±8.8)ng/mL vs.(16.8±8.2)ng/mL]高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.005)。子宫内膜异位症卵巢型患者血清泌乳素水平为(17.1±7.1)ng/mL,腹膜型为(18.9±11.0)ng/mL,腹膜型高于卵巢型,差异有统计学意义(P=0.009)。结论:子宫内膜异位症不孕患者泌乳素水平升高,针对泌乳素的机制研究与干预可能有助于了解不孕症的发生机制、提高临床诊治效果。     

Prolactin binding sites in rat brain and liver: effects of long-term ovariectomy and ovarian steroids

The effects of long-term ovariectomy on the levels of brain and liver lactogenic binding sites as well as plasma and liver prolactin (PRL) have been investigated in sham-operated and ovariectomized rats receiving either 17β estradiol (OVX-E), progesterone (OVX-P), or vehicle (OVX-V). The levels of lactogenic binding sites in the parietal and piriform cortices, amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, as well as in the liver were significantly decreased after long-term ovariectomy. Moreover, the levels of plasma and liver PRL were also significantly decreased. Exogenous estradiol and progesterone replacement restored the levels of lactogenic binding sites in the parietal cortex and hypothalamus as well as in the liver. However, plasma and liver PRL levels were significantly increased by estradiol but only restored by progesterone. These results suggest that ovarian steroids influence the levels of lactogenic binding sites and prolactin.     

Targeted deletions of Mel1a and Mel1b melatonin receptors affect pCREB levels in lactotroph and pars intermedia cells of mice

The actions of the pineal hormone melatonin depend on two types of membrane-bound, G-protein-coupled receptors: the MT1 (Mel1a) and MT2 (Mel1b) melatonin receptors. An important target of melatonin is the hypophysial pars tuberalis that controls the activity of lactotroph cells in the pars distalis (PD). To identify the melatonin receptor type responsible for regulation of the lactotroph cells in pars distalis we studied the levels of Ser133-phosphorylated pCREB in immunocytochemically identified lactotroph cells of wild-type mice (MelAABB) and of mice bearing targeted deletions of the Mel1a receptor (MelaaBB), the Mel1b receptor (MelAAbb) or of both receptor types (Melaabb) at five different time points of a light/dark cycle. Moreover, we analyzed whether pCREB levels in pars intermedia cells also depend on intact melatonin signal transduction cascades. In wild type and MelAAbb mice the percentage of lactotroph cells with nuclear pCREB immunoreactions varied significantly over a 24 h period, whereas in MelaaBB and Melaabb mice no significant differences were found between the five time points analyzed. pCREB levels in the pars intermedia did not show rhythmic variation in wild type or Melaabb animals but wild type mice had higher pCREB levels than Melaabb. Our results indicate that Mel1a and Mel1b melatonin receptors are involved in the control of the activity state of lactotroph and pars intermedia cells of mice.     

The effects of immersion and exercise on prolactin during pregnancy

Summary Prolactin is an important hormone during pregnancy, affecting mother, fetus, and amniotic fluid volume. Immersion is known to affect prolactin levels significantly. To determine the effect of immersion and exercise on the prolactin response during pregnancy, we examined serum prolactin levels at 15, 25, and 35 weeks' gestation and 10 weeks post partum. Twelve women completed 20 min land rest, 20 min immersion in 30° C water to the xiphoid, and 20 min exercise in the water at 60% Resting prolactin levels were 1.91±0.32, 4.55±0.5, and 5.85±0.27 nmol·l^–1 ±standard error of the mean at 15, 25, and 35 weeks' gestation, respectively. Postpartum lactating women had a resting mean prolactin level of 3.95±1.6 versus 0.22±0.4 nmol· l^–1 in non-lacting women. Prolactin levels declined significantly during immersion even after correction for dilution by plasma volume shifts. The immersion response was inversely related to the duration of pregnancy with 29%, 22%, and 12% drops during 15-, 25- and 35-week trials, respectively. Compared to rest, exercise prolactin levels remained depressed during the 15th and 25th week trials. We hypothesize that immersion in water caused prolactin levels to decline.