女性精神分裂症患者泌乳素、雌二醇水平及神经功能改变情况研究

目的探讨女性精神分裂症患者泌乳素、雌二醇水平及神经功能改变。方法选取100例女性首发精神分裂症患者作为研究组,选取同期在本院体检的100例正常女性作为对照组。检测并比较两组研究对象的血清泌乳素、雌二醇水平及美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分。结果研究组患者的泌乳素水平(29.65±7.51)μg/L明显高于对照组的(20.02±7.45)μg/L,雌二醇水平(52.38±7.81)pmol/L明显低于对照组的(101.42±6.11)pmol/L,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组患者的NIHSS评分(8.47±2.33)分明显高于对照组的(0.15±0.03)分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论女性精神分裂症患者泌乳素明显高于正常体检者,雌二醇水平明显低于正常体检者,这与神经功能紊乱之间存在密切关系。泌乳素和雌二醇水平的变化与神经功能紊乱在女性精神分裂症患者的临床诊断和监控中有着重要的参考意义。     

齐拉西酮与利培酮对精神分裂症患者内分泌代谢的影响

目的探讨国产齐拉西酮与利培酮对精神分裂症患者内分泌代谢的影响。方法将156例精神分裂症患者随机分为研究组和对照组各78例。研究组给予齐拉西酮治疗,对照组给予利培酮治疗。分别于基线、治疗4周末和8周末检测血清泌乳素、空腹血糖及血脂水平。结果与基线相比,治疗4周末和8周末研究组血清泌乳素差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,而对照组则明显升高（P〈0．05）;治疗4周末和8周末两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〈0．05）。治疗4周末和8周末两组空腹血糖、胆同醇及甘油三酯水平与基线相比以及两组间同期相比,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论齐拉西酮对精神分裂症患者血清泌乳素、空腹血糖以及血脂水平均无明显影响。     

丁螺环酮对缓解期女性抑郁症患者性功能及血清催乳素水平的影响

目的 探讨丁螺环酮对使用5-HT再摄取抑制剂(SSRI)维持治疗的缓解期女性抑郁症患者性功能以及血清催乳素水平的影响.方法 筛选120例以单一SSRI类抗抑郁剂治疗至少6月、具有固定配偶、汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项版本(HMAD-17)评分小于7分的康复期抑郁症女性患者,以亚利桑那性经验量表(ASEX)判定性功能障碍(SD)者40例,并予丁螺环酮15～30 mg/d治疗4周,匹配社会人口学相符的正常对照组、非SD患者组(NSD)各40例,比较对照组、NSD组和丁螺环酮治疗前后SD组性功能和血浆催乳索水平,并分析SD可能的临床相关因素.结果 120例康复期抑郁症患者SD总体发生率为33.3％,丁螺环酮治疗后性功能好转率为60％.SD组合并丁螺环酮治疗后ASEX总分、5个分因子分值低于合并用药前,差异有显著性(均P＜0.01);SD组合并丁螺环酮治疗后血清催乳素水平[(20.38±11.91)ng/ml]高于正常对照组[(14.2±12.15)ng/ml],差异有显著性(P=0.008),但与SD组合并用药前[(18.15±9.84) ng/ml]相比差异无统计学意义(P=1.0).合并丁螺环酮治疗前患者ASEX总分与氟西汀(r=0.504,P=0.002)和帕罗西汀(r=0.377,P=0.013)剂量显著相关.在正常组、NSD组以及SD组合并丁螺环酮治疗前后均未发现ASEX总分与血催乳素水平显著相关.结论 丁螺环酮辅助治疗可能有助于缓解SSRI类抗抑郁剂所致的性功能障碍.     

顺产与剖宫产产妇血清中泌乳素水平与初乳中抗感染因子浓度的比较

目的:比较顺产与剖宫产产妇血清中泌乳素水平及初乳中抗感染因子的含量的差异。方法:①采用放射免疫COAT-A-COUNT(包被管)法测定顺产与剖宫产组产后48h、96h泌乳素(PRL)的含量。②采用免疫比浊法测定顺产与剖宫产组分娩后48h、96h初乳中SIgA、IgG、IgM、补体C₃、C₄浓度。结果:①血清中PRL的水平,顺产组与剖宫产组对比,产后48h有显著差异(P＜0.01),产后96h两组无显著差异(P＞0.05)。②产后48h剖宫产组初乳中SIgA、IgG、C₃、C₄浓度明显高于顺产组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);产后96h剖宫产组C₄浓度明显高于顺产组(P＜0.05),其余无显著差异。③产后48h剖宫产组PRL的水平低于顺产组,乳汁分泌少,而抗感染因子都明显高于顺产组。结论:产后48h,产妇血清中PRL的水平顺产组高于剖宫产组,所以剖宫产产后泌乳始动迟于顺产组,乳量少且浓缩,初乳中抗感染因子(SIgA、IgG、C₃、C₄)的含量明显高于顺产组。剖宫产后应坚持母乳喂养,要注意新生儿的喂养,防止新生儿低血糖症的发生。     

口腔鳞癌患者血清催乳素水平的变化

研究口腔鳞癌患者血清催乳素(PRL)水平的变化.采用RIA检测了79名健康者和68例口腔鳞癌患者血清PRL水平.结果表明有38.2%(26/68)的患者血清PRL水平明显升高(P＜0.01);男女患者、各病变部位血清PRL水平之间无显著差异(P＞0.05).提示有部分口腔鳞癌患者存在高PRL血症且可能成为口腔鳞癌一个独立的预后因素.     

Serotonin receptor subtypes influence prolactin secretion in the turkey

Serotonin (5-HT) stimulation of prolactin (PRL) secretion is mediated through the dopaminergic (DAergic) system, with 5-HT ligands having no direct effect on pituitary PRL release. Infusion of 5-HT into the third ventricle (ICV) or electrical stimulation (ES) of the medial preoptic area (POM) or the ventromedial nucleus (VMN) induces an increase in circulating PRL in the turkey. These increases in PRL do not occur when a selective antagonist blocks the D₁ dopamine (DA) receptors in the infundibular area (INF). In this study, the ICV infusion of (R)(−)-DOI hydrochloride (DOI), a selective 5-HT_2A eceptor agonist, caused PRL to increase. Pretreatment with Ketanserin tartrate salt (KETAN), a selective 5-HT_2A receptor antagonist, blocked DOI-induced PRL secretion, attesting to the specificity of the response. DOI-induced PRL secretion was prevented when the D₁ DA receptors in the INF were blocked by the D₁ DA receptor antagonist, R(+)-SCH-23390 hydrochloride microinjection, suggesting that the DAergic activation of the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)/PRL system is mediated by a stimulatory 5-HT_2A receptor subtype. The DOI-induced PRL increase did not occur when (±)-8-OH-DPAT (DPAT) was concurrently infused. DPAT is a 5-T_1A receptor agonist which appears to mediate the inhibitory influence of 5-HT on PRL secretion. When DPAT was microinjected directly into the VMN, it blocked the PRL release affected by ES in the POM. These data suggested that when 5-HT_2A receptors are activated, they influence the release of DA to the INF. When 5-HT_1A receptors are stimulated, they somehow inhibit the PRL-releasing actions of 5-HT_2A receptors. This inhibition could take place centrally, or it could occur postsynaptically at the pituitary level. It is known that D₂ DA receptors in the pituitary antagonize PRL-releasing effect of VIP. A release of DA to the pituitary, initiated by 5-HT_1A receptors, could effectively inhibit PRL secretion.     

Changes in gene expression for GH/PRL/SL family hormones in the pituitaries of homing chum salmon during ocean migration through upstream migration

Gene expression for growth hormone (GH)/prolactin (PRL)/somatolactin (SL) family hormones in the pituitaries of homing chum salmon were examined, because gene expression for these hormones during ocean-migrating phases remains unclear. Fish were collected in the winter Gulf of Alaska, the summer Bering Sea and along homing pathway in the Ishikari River-Ishikari Bay water system in Hokkaido, Japan in autumn. The oceanic fish included maturing adults, which had developing gonads and left the Bering Sea for the natal river by the end of summer. The absolute amounts of GH, PRL and SL mRNAs in the pituitaries of the maturing adults in the summer Bering Sea were 5- to 20-fold those in the winter Gulf of Alaska. The amount of GH mRNA in the homing adults at the coastal seawater (SW) areas was smaller than that in the Bering fish, while the amount of PRL mRNA remained at the higher level until fish arrived at the Ishikari River. The gill Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity in the coastal SW fish and the plasma Na⁺ levels in the brackish water fish at the estuary were lowered to the levels that were comparable to those in the fresh water (FW) fish. In conclusion, gene expression for GH, PRL and SL was elevated in the pituitaries of chum salmon before initiation of homing behavior from the summer Bering Sea. Gene expression for GH is thereafter lowered coincidently with malfunction of SW adaptability in the breeding season, while gene expression for PRL is maintained high until forthcoming FW adaptation.     

PRL and GH synthesis and release from the sea bream (Sparus auratus L.) pituitary gland in vitro in response to osmotic challenge

The endocrine factors prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) are believed to have counteracting effects in the adaption of fish to changes in environmental salinity. In order to further investigate this interaction sea bream were challenged with full seawater (SW) or freshwater (FW) for 7 days and the response of pituitary glands cultured in vitro to an osmotic challenge (230, 275 and 320 mOsm/kg) was assessed. In vitro PRL secretion from pituitaries of SW-adapted fish was unaltered in response to an osmotic challenge, while GH secretion increased in the lowest osmolality (230 mOsm/kg). In contrast, both GH and PRL secretion by pituitaries from FW challenged fish was significantly increased (p < 0.01) over that of pituitaries from SW fish at the highest osmolality (320 mOsm/kg). After FW challenge pituitary PRL content and de novo synthesised and released PRL were significantly increased (p < 0.01), while total PRL secretion was not different from SW animals. GH pituitary content decreased in FW animals while total secretion and secretion of de novo synthesised protein were significantly increased (p < 0.01). In addition, after transfer of fish to FW expression of PRL and GH increased 3- and 2-fold, respectively. Despite the increase in PRL expression, no increase in total PRL secretion occurred and although in gills a 2-fold increase in the osmoregulatory marker, Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity was detected, profound haemodilution and a cumulative mortality of 40% occurred in sea bream placed in FW. Taken together the results suggest that the sea bream pituitary gland fails to respond appropriately to the osmotic challenge caused by low salinity and the physiological response evoked in vivo is not enough to allow this species to withstand and adapt to FW.     

Growth hormone and prolactin in Andrias davidianus: cDNA cloning, tissue distribution and phylogenetic analysis

The Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) is one of the largest and ‘living fossil’ species of amphibian. To obtain genetic information for this species, the cDNAs encoding growth hormone (adGH) and prolactin (adPRL) were cloned from a pituitary cDNA library. The isolated adGH cDNA consisted of 864 bp and encoded a propeptide of 215 amino acids, while the cDNA of adPRL was 1106 bp in length and encoded a putative peptide of 229 amino acids. Expression of the GH and PRL mRNA was only detected in the pituitary. Phylogenetic analyses were performed based on the isolated pituitary hormone sequences using maximum parsimony and neighbor-joining algorithms. The clustering results are similar to that based on the morphological characteristics or the rRNA genes, which indicate that the two orders (Anura and Caudata) of amphibian were monophyletic, and that A. davidianus was diverged early in the Caudate clade. These results indicated that both the GH and PRL sequence might be useful to study the phylogenies of relatively moderate evolved groups.