钙对人腹膜间皮细胞损伤、增殖及纤维连接蛋白合成的影响

目的研究不同浓度钙对体内外人腹膜间皮增殖、损伤和间质纤维化的影响。方法体外试验:以人腹膜间皮细胞永生化细胞株(HMrSV5)为研究对象,予不同浓度钙(0、0.25、0.75、1.25、1.75、2.25mmol/L)处理该细胞12、24h。采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium,MTT)比色法和乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)评估细胞的增殖能力和损伤。蛋白免疫印迹法检测纤维连接蛋白(fibronectin,FN)的表达。临床试验:随机选择47例既往使用低钙透析液(Baxter PD4,含钙1.25mmol/L)的稳定维持性腹膜透析患者,平均透析时间为(18.5±11.7)个月。采用前后自身对照法进行研究。以患者刚入选本研究时作为对照组,入选后换用含钙1.75mmol/L的PD2进行透析(其他成份均与PD4相同)4周,其他治疗(降压、降磷、活性维生素D3等)不变。患者使用PD2透析后的每一周末作为一组(分别为第1、2、3、4周组)。酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测腹膜透析引流液中的FN和LDH,电化学发光法(electrochemiluminescence assay,ECLA)检测CA125。同时检测血清钙、磷及全段甲状旁腺激素(intact parathyroid hormone,iPTH)水平。结果体外试验:钙呈时间及浓度依赖性促进HMrSV5增殖,含钙1.75mmol/L组最高;不同浓度钙呈时间依赖性显著诱导LDH上调,其中钙1.25mmol/L组LDH最低(P<0.05);FN亦呈钙浓度及时间依赖性表达上调。临床试验:4个试验组腹膜透析引流液中LDH值均与对照组有显著差异且呈时间依赖性升高。第4周组的FN和LDH水平显著高于其他组,CA125水平明显低于其他组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。第4周组的血清钙高于对照组,血磷低于对照组差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),iPTH与对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在体内外试验中,高钙(1.75mmol/L)可促进人腹膜间皮细胞增殖,同时加重细胞损伤,促进FN合成,而生理浓度钙(1.25mmol/L)对人腹膜间皮细胞有一定保护作用并可能预防腹膜纤维化。     

参芎注射液对大鼠腹膜透析相关性腹膜纤维化中凋亡因子的影响

目的:探讨参芎注射液对大鼠腹膜透析相关性腹膜纤维化影响及其作用机制.方法:4.25%高糖腹膜透析液和脂多糖(LPS)腹腔注射建立大鼠腹膜纤维化模型.32只SD雄性大鼠随机分为4组:正常对照组(N):大鼠不做任何处理;模型组(M):每日1次腹腔注射15 ml腹透液;参芎低剂量组(D):每日1次腹腔注射15 ml腹透液+参...     

扛板归抗肝纤维化作用的研究进展

肝纤维化是慢性肝病的共同病理改变,它不仅是慢性肝病向肝硬化发展的必经之路,而且贯穿于肝硬化的始终,甚至发展到肝癌。因此,对肝纤维化的研究已经成为目前我国乃至全世界研究的热门课题,以期阻断肝硬化和肝癌的发生,延缓疾病进程。对肝纤维化的治疗目前尚无特效药,近年研究显示中医药在肝纤维化的治疗方面具有很大优势,现主要对肝纤维化的发病机制、扛板归的成分、功能及扛板归与肝纤维化的关系等研究进展予以综述。     

Hepatic stellate cells and innate immunity in alcoholic liver disease

Constant alcohol consumption is a major cause of chronic liver disease, and there has been a growing concern regarding the increased mortality rates worldwide. Alcoholic liver diseases (ALDs) range from mild to more severe conditions, such as steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The liver is enriched with innate immune cells (e.g. natural killer cells and Kupffer cells) and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and interestingly, emerging evidence suggests that innate immu...     

慢性乙型肝炎血清病毒载量水平与肝硬化的关系

目的 探讨慢性乙型肝炎患者病程中血清乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)-DNA水平的变化与肝硬化发生的关系.方法 收集2001至2007年经肝穿刺确诊的239例慢性乙型肝炎患者.中位随访时间28个月,检测入选和随访终点的血清HBV-DNA水平,观察肝硬化发生情况.结果 发生肝硬化者较无肝硬化者年龄更大,随访终点HBV-DNA水平更高,但两组入选时HBV-DNA水平差异无统计学意义(P=0.531).Kaplan-Meier法生存分析显示,随访终点HBV-DNA水平越高,发生肝硬化比例亦越高(X2=11.736,P=0.019).Cox比例风险模型显示,随访终点HBV-DNA水平、入选时的肝组织纤维化分期、乙型肝炎病毒e抗原阴性和γ-谷氨酰转肽酶水平为预示肝硬化发生的危险因素,风险比分别为1.898、1.918、8.976、1.006.结论 随访终点HBV-DNA和慢性乙型肝炎肝硬化的发生密切相关.     

汉防己甲素阻抑大鼠肝纤维化的实验研究

目的：研究汉防己甲素对实验性肝纤维化的作用。方法：用CCl4制备大鼠肝纤维化模型，以鳖甲作为对照。观察汉防己甲素对大鼠肝纤维化各项指标的影响。结果：组织学和生化分析表明，汉防己甲素能减少胶原在肝内沉积；免疫荧光半定量分析提示汉防己甲素组肝内Ⅰ型胶原含量较对照组显著减少；电镜观察发现汉防己甲素组大鼠肝内有些纤维母细胞胞浆中出现髓鞘样结构及自噬体。结论：汉防己甲素具有阻抑肝纤维化的作用，其作用机制可能与该药对纤维母细胞的致细胞病变作用有关。     

一氧化氮对感染日本血吸虫小鼠肝脏纤维化程度的影响

目的　研究一氧化氮 (NO)对感染日本血吸虫小鼠早期肝脏纤维化的影响。方法　 NMRI小鼠感染日本血吸虫后第 2 3天起 ,连续用诱导型一氧化氮合酶 (i NOS)的抑制剂氨基胍(Am inoguanidine,AMG)处理小鼠 ,同时设未经抑制的对照组 ,分别在感染后第 38、4 5天观察小鼠肝脏的病理变化。天狼猩红染色 -偏振光显微镜观察并结合图像分析的方法 ,分析肝脏中 、 型胶原的动态变化 ;化学显色法检测肝脏匀浆中能间接反映肝脏纤维化程度的羟脯氨酸的浓度。结果　感染后 38d,肝脏中 、 型胶原的增生程度及 、 型胶原面积比值明显高于对照组 ,但羟脯氨酸的含量与对照组相比差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;感染后 4 5 d,肝脏中 型胶原的增生程度和 、 型胶原面积比值明显高于对照组 ,AMG处理组中羟脯氨酸的含量较对照组高 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　 NO可抑制日本血吸虫感染小鼠肝脏早期纤维化     

Maintenance of radiation-induced intestinal fibrosis： Cellular and molecular features

Recent advances in cell and molecular radiobiology clearly showed that tissue response to radiation injury cannot be restricted to a simple cell-killing process, but depends upon continuous and integrated pathogenic processes, involving cell differentiation and crosstalk between the various cellular components of the tissue within the extracellular matrix. Thus, the prior concept of primary cell target in which a single-cell type (whatever it’s epithelial or endothelial cells) dictates the whole tissue response to radiation injury has to be replaced by the occurrence of coordinated multicellular response that may either lead to tissue recovery or to sequel development. In this context, the present review will focus on the maintenance of the radiation-induced wound healing and fi brogenic signals triggered by and through the microenvironment toward the mesenchymal cell compartment, and will highlight how sequential and sustained modifi cations in cell phenotypes will in cascade modify cell-to-cell interactions and tissue composition.     

Is liver biopsy still needed in children with chronic viral hepatitis?

Liver biopsy is a standard method used for obtaining liver tissue for histopathological evaluation. Since reliable serological and virological tests are currently available, liver biopsy is no longer needed for the etiological diagnosis of chronic hepatitis B and C. However, liver histology remains the gold standard as a prognostic tool, providing information about the liver disease progression(grading of necroinflammatory activity and staging of fibrosis) and serving clinicians in the management and therapeutic decisions. In general, histopathological evaluation is indicated before starting the antiviral treatment. Main limitations of the liver biopsy include its invasive and painful procedure, sampling errors and the inter- and intra-observer variability. In addition, indications for the liver biopsy in pediatric patients with chronic viral hepatitis were questioned recently, and efforts have been made toward the development of non-invasive methods as an alternative to the liver biopsy. The most commonly used methods are novel imaging studies(elastography) and combinations of biomarkers. However, to date, none of these tests was validated in children with chronic viral hepatitis. In this review, we present the current status of the liver biopsy in the management of chronic viral hepatitis B and C in pediatric population, including specific indications, complications, contraindications, problems, limitations, and alternative non-invasive methods.