Endotracheal versus intravenous epinephrine during electromechanical dissociation with CPR in dogs

The dose-response curves of epinephrine given either IV or endotracheally (ET) were compared during resuscitation from electromechanical dissociation (EMD). Ten anesthetized dogs were subjected to a two-minute period of electrically induced ventricular fibrillation (VF) followed by defibrillation without CPR to produce EMD. Mechanical CPR was followed by injection of either ET or IV epinephrine. Successful response was defined as a return of pulsatile blood pressure within two minutes of drug administration. Using log-dose increments of epinephrine, experimental trials were repeated in each animal. The IV and ET median effective doses were 14 and 130 micrograms/kg, respectively. When the trials were successful, the time between drug administration and either arterial blood pressure increases or return of spontaneous circulation did not differ significantly for the ET and IV groups. These results show that the dosage for epinephrine delivered ET must be higher than the IV dosage to achieve the same response during CPR.     

基于HHT变换的SEMG信号中MUAP的数目估计

对表面肌电（SEMG）信号中单位动作电位（MUAP）的数目进行估计可为神经肌肉控制的理论研究和神经肌肉疾病的诊断开辟新途径,本文给出了一种基于Hilbert-Huang变换（HHT）的表面肌电信号中运动MUAP数目估计方法.通过对SEMG信号经验模态分解后的第一内禀模态函数分量进行瞬时频率分析,利用其瞬时频率极值点的计数即可估计出运动MUAP数目.仿真信号与真实信号的实验结果均表明,基于HHT的SEMG信号中MUAP的估计方法是有效的.     

The effects of enamel matrix derivative on the proliferation and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the effect of enamel derivative matrix (EMD) on the proliferation, mineralization, and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Material and methods: For the proliferation assay, water‐soluble tetrazolium salt‐8 tests were carried out after culturing for 24 and 48 h. For the evaluation of mineralization, Alizarin red S (ARS) tests were performed after 21 days of culturing in an osteogenic medium. In order to investigate some of the bone‐related proteins, namely type I collagen (Col I A2), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and bone γ‐carboxyglutamate (Gla) protein (BGLAP, osteocalcin), real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) tests were carried out after 2, 3, and 4 weeks of culturing, respectively. Results: The activity of proliferation and mineralization increased significantly depending on the concentration of EMD (P<0.05). In the control group, the expression of Col I A2 decreased, but EMD enhanced its expression over time and was correlated to the concentration. The amount of expression of BSP in this group increased over time, but EMD strikingly suppressed its expression in the fourth week. As well, the amount of expression of BGLAP increased as the culture duration lengthened in the control group. However, the expression of BGLAP was suppressed in the experimental group with EMD. Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, EMD enhanced the proliferation of hMSCs. After evaluation with ARS staining, EMD seemed to enhance mineralization, and the RT‐PCR test revealed that EMD promoted early‐stage osteoblast differentiation by enhancing Col I A2 expression, but exerted an inhibitory effect on the mineralization by lowering the gene expression of BSP and BGLAP. Mineralized nodules formed with EMD may be composed of substances other than normal bone. Because most of the organic matrix of bone is type I collagen, which acts as the mineralization site, bone or bone‐like mineralized mass might have been formed in spite of the different components of the non‐collagenous proteins. To cite this article:
Jue S‐S, Lee WY, Kwon Y‐D, Kim Y‐R, Pae A, Lee B. The effects of enamel matrix derivative on the proliferation and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells.
Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21 , 2010; 741–746.
doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01901.x     

Single Trial Detection of Visual Evoked Potential by Using EMD and Wavelet Filtering Method

Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is a new signal decomposition method,which could decompose the non-stationary signal into several single-component intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and each IMF has so...     

Reduction of heart sound interference from lung sound signals using empirical mode decomposition technique

During the recording time of lung sound (LS) signals from the chest wall of a subject, there is always heart sound (HS) signal interfering with it. This obscures the features of lung sound signals and creates confusion on pathological states, if any, of the lungs. A novel method based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD) technique is proposed in this paper for reducing the undesired heart sound interference from the desired lung sound signals. In this, the mixed signal is split into several components. Some of these components contain larger proportions of interfering signals like heart sound, environmental noise etc. and are filtered out. Experiments have been conducted on simulated and real-time recorded mixed signals of heart sound and lung sound. The proposed method is found to be superior in terms of time domain, frequency domain, and time–frequency domain representations and also in listening test performed by pulmonologist.     

基于PCNN-LSTM神经网络的膝关节摆动信号分类识别

膝关节摆动(VAG)信号是指膝关节屈曲或伸展时发出的声音或振动信号,可灵敏、客观地描述膝关节的健康状态,在膝关节疾病的无创检测中具有重要作用。现有的对VAG信号正常和异常分类方法自动化程度低,且分类准确度较低,总体性能有待进一步提升。因此,提出一种基于改进卷积神经循环网络(PCNN-LSTM)的VAG信号分类算法。首先,利用经验模式分解(EMD)和小波变换,将一维VAG信号变换为二维时频特征谱图,并将其用作数据集;然后,在串行神经网络的基础上融合并行卷积神经网络结构,再与LSTM神经网络相结合构成改进的PCNN-LSTM模型,以此区分正常或异常的VAG信号,实现对膝关节健康状态的自动检测。采用由加速度传感器(181A02)和USB采集仪(FSC812)所采集的真实VAG信号,构建数据集对所提出算法性能进行验证。数据集由654例样本构成,其中包括健康数据222例和患有膝关节疾病的数据432例。实验表明,所提出算法的分类正确率为96.93%,灵敏度为100%,特异性为95.56%,相比其他算法可得到较好的分类识别效果,对于膝关节疾病的无创检测和辅助诊断具有重要意义。     

Die Ca2+-Sensitizer CGP 48506 und EMD 57033, nicht aber der Na+-Kanal-Modulator BDF 9148, verlängern die Relaxation an isolierten Kardiomyocyten des Meerschweinchens

Zusammenfassung Ca²⁺-Sensitizer sind Substanzen, die die Kontraktionskraft am Myokard Ca²⁺- und Energie-unabh?ngig steigern k?nnen. Auch Natriumkanalmodulatoren wird eine Ca²⁺-sensibilisierende Eigenschaft zugeschrieben. Deshalb wurde in der vorliegenden Untersuchung der inotrope Effekt des Na⁺-Kanalmodulators BDF 9148 (1 μM) im Vergleich zu den Ca²⁺-Sensitizern CGP 48506 (1–50 μmol/l) und EMD 57033 (1–30 μmol/l) an isolierten, elektrisch stimulierten Kardiomyocyten des Meerschweinchens untersucht. Die ?nderung der Zellverkürzung wurde kontinuierlich mit einer eindimensionalen High Speed-Kamera aufgenommen. BDF 9148, CGP 48506 und EMD 57033 bewirkten eine signifikante Zunahme der Zellverkürzung (CGP 48506 (50μmol/l): +249±30%, EMD 57033 (30 μmol/l): +226±28%, BDF 9148 (1 μmol/l): +176±16%). Nur die Ca²⁺-Sensitizer CGP 48506 und EMD 57033 verl?ngerten die Relaxation. Besonders bei Patienten mit bereits erh?hten intrazellul?ren myokardialen Ca²⁺-Konzentrationen, wie dies bei der dilatativen Kardiomyopathie beschrieben ist, sind Ca²⁺-Sensitizer, die neben der positiv inotropen Wirkung zus?tzlich die Relaxation verz?gern, m?glicherweise ungünstig. Eingegangen: 28. M?rz 2000 Akzeptiert: 22. November 2000     

Emery-Dreifuss肌营养不良症的研究进展

Emery-Dreifuss肌营养不良症是一种相对良性的肌营养不良类型。其遗传方式为X-连锁隐性、常染色体显性和隐性遗传。EMD基因和LMNA基因是引起X-连锁EDMD和常染色体遗传EDMD的致病基因，编码产物分别为emerin蛋白和核纤层蛋白（lamin）A/C。该病确切的发病机制目前尚不清楚，临床特点表现为早期出现关节挛缩，受累肌肉呈肱－腓分布并伴有心脏受累。致病基因的研究使基因治疗该病成为可能。     

EMD_(56431)对豚鼠气管平滑肌的作用

目的　观测新型的ＡＴＰ敏感钾通道开放剂ＥＭＤ５６４３１（ＥＭＤ） 的平喘作用,并与钙通道阻滞剂粉防己碱（ｔｅｔｒａｎ ｄｒｉｎｅ,Ｔｅｔ）比较。方法　豚鼠离体气管法和整体药物引喘法。结果　ＥＭＤ 能抑制ＫＣｌ 所致豚鼠气管螺旋条的收缩反应,其抑制作用随［Ｋ＋］ｏ 浓度的增高而减弱;ＥＭＤ 能浓度依赖性地使氨甲酰胆碱和组胺的量效曲线右移,最大效应降低,均表现为非竞争性拮抗,ｐＤ′２ 值分别为４－４５ 和４－４０ ;组胺喷雾引起的豚鼠哮喘模型中,ＥＭＤ 灌胃能剂量依赖性地使豚鼠的引喘潜伏期延长,抽搐动物数亦随剂量增加而减少（ｎ ＝ ８ ,Ｐ＜ ０－０５）。结论　ＥＭＤ 的支气管扩张作用在于开放钾通道,其作用强于Ｔｅｔ,两者具有协同作用。ＥＭＤ 单用或与Ｔｅｔ 小剂量合用显示出较好的效果     

Replacement of troponin-I in slow-twitch skeletal muscle alters the effects of the calcium sensitizer EMD 53998

 We extracted troponin-I (TnI) from skinned rat and rabbit soleus muscle fibres using a modification of the method described by Strauss et al. (FEBS Lett 310:229–234, 1992) for replacement of TnI in cardiac preparations. Incubation of soleus muscle fibres with 10 mmol/l vanadate virtually completely abolished the Ca²⁺dependence of force. Immunoblot analysis revealed that more than 80% of TnI had been extracted from the preparations. The Ca²⁺dependence of force was restored by incubation with a complex of cardiac TnI (cTnI) and troponin-C (cTnC). We examined the effects of the Ca²⁺-sensitizing compound EMD 53998 on isometric tension in native porcine cardiac and rabbit soleus skinned fibres as well as soleus in which the endogenous slow skeletal TnI (ssTnI) had been replaced by cTnI (soleus–cTnI). It was found that 10 μmol/l EMD 53998 in native soleus increased maximum Ca²⁺-activated force to 120±1.4% of control. In soleus–cTnI fibres, maximum force was increased to only 105±0.9%, which was similar to the effect observed in cardiac muscle (108±0.6%). In cardiac muscle, 10 μmol/l EMD 53998 induced a leftward shift of the pCa-tension relation by 0.65 log units. In native soleus, ΔpCa was only 0.40. Again, the effect of EMD 53998 on soleus–cTnI (ΔpCa=0.56) more closely resembled the response found in cardiac muscle than that observed in native soleus muscle. The apparent TnI-isoform dependence of the effects elicited by EMD 53998 suggests that its actions are modulated by the regulatory proteins of the thin filament. Received: 15 December 1997 / Accepted: 16 March 1998