闭合性腹部创伤内脏破裂出血的超声诊断分析

目的探讨闭合性腹部创伤内脏破裂出血的超声诊断价值。方法回顾性分析100例闭合性腹部创伤患者的临床资料。对患者的超声图像进行全面的分析,并与病理结果对比。结果 100例患者均伴有腹腔积液。超声诊断脾脏破裂48例,肝破裂17例,肾破裂14例,肠破裂6例,胰腺损伤1例,复合型内脏破裂5例,诊断准确率91%。结论超声能对闭合性腹部创伤内脏破裂出血做出较迅速、准确地诊断,具有重要的临床价值。     

Study of detection times for liver stiffness evaluation by shear wave elastography

AIM: To investigate enough valid measurements (VMs) to assess liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients (CHB).METHODS: One hundred and twelve CHB patients (25 women, 87 men) with a mean age of 38.43 years received liver stiffness evaluations using real-time shear wave elastography for 10 VMs. All patients underwent liver biopsy. Based on the biopsy pathology, the liver stiffness data obtained from different VMs (1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 times) were compared for the evaluation of liver fibrosis. The correlation between the elastic modulus means of the liver obtained from different VMs of detection at each pathological stage was analysed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was employed to determine the diagnostic performance of different VMs of detection, and the areas under the ROC curve of different groups were compared.RESULTS: The liver stiffness values obtained from 1 VM, 2 VMs, 3 VMs, 5 VMs and all 10 VMs for stage F0 were 6.95 ± 2.01 kPa, 6.87 ± 1.83 kPa, 6.90 ± 1.88 kPa, 6.95 ± 1.93 kPa and 7.15 ± 1.89 kPa, respectively (F = 0.043, P = 0.996). For stage F1, these values were 7.12 ± 1.72 kPa, 7.24 ± 1.72 kPa, 7.21 ± 1.74 kPa, 7.10 ± 1.78 kPa and 7.04 ± 1.70 kPa, respectively (F = 0.075, P = 0.990). For stage F2, they were 9.37 ± 3.87 kPa, 9.18 ± 3.68 kPa, 9.19 ± 3.81 kPa, 9.18 ± 3.81 kPa and 9.19 ± 3.53 kPa, respectively (F = 0.012, P = 1.000). For stage F3, these were 11.91 ± 3.88 kPa, 11.78 ± 4.04 kPa, 11.83 ± 4.07 kPa, 11.94 ± 4.17 kPa and 12.00 ± 4.02 kPa, respectively (F = 0.010, P = 1.000). For stage F4, the readings were 19.30 ± 7.63 kPa, 19.40 ± 7.36 kPa, 19.54 ± 7.43 kPa, 19.73 ± 7.21 kPa and 20.25 ± 7.22 kPa, respectively (F = 0.054, P = 0.995). There were no significant differences between these groups. Intraclass correlation coefficients among different pathological stages (F0-F4) with different detection VMs were 0.995, 0.993, 0.996, 0.994 and 0.996, respectively. The mean elasticity values from 1 VM, 2 VMs, 3 VMs, 5 VMs and 10 VMs can accurately distinguish fibrosis stages (F0 vs F1234, F01 vs F234, F012 vs F34 and F0123 vs F4) with no significant differences in the five groups (P > 0.05 for all).CONCLUSION: One VM may be sufficient to assess liver fibrosis by using SWE without any significant loss of accuracy in patients with CHB. However, future studies of larger patient samples are necessary for the validation of this method.     

深度可控自动压电显微切割系统

为了从不同组织切片上获取某一特定细胞群或单一细胞进行分析研究,研制深度可控自动压电显微切割系统,以解决手工切割操作时间长、易疲劳、精度低等难题。在对超声振动切割进行理论分析的基础上,采用叠堆压电陶瓷作为振动发生装置。根据图像前后景差来检测跟踪切割针尖的实时位置信息,从而通过标定的X轴坐标的变化判断切割针和被操作物体表面的接触情况来获取深度信息。通过对不同条件下的显微切割实验进行分析,均表明该系统可实现将切割针置于被切割组织深度方向的任意位置;自动完成目标生物组织指定位置任意形状的切割,切割线细可达15 μm,理论上切割分辨率为50 nm,切割误差05 μm,可实现单细胞切割,并能自动实现目标组织切片的分离。明显提高显微切割操作的自动化程度和精度,证明该系统的优越性。     

超声疗法治疗膝骨关节炎疼痛的荟萃分析

背景：超声疗法被推荐为治疗骨关节炎引起的疼痛和运动能力丧失的理疗方法之一。但其对于治疗骨关节疼痛的有效性在以往的各项研究中尚存在争议。 目的：分析研究超声疗法治疗膝骨关节炎疼痛的有效性。 方法：计算机检索PubMed、Ovid/Medline、Ovid/EMBASE、Cochrane数据库以及手工检索相关文献的参考文献。所有检索截止至2014年3月31日。收集国内外公开发表的有关超声疗法治疗膝骨关节炎有效性的随机对照试验。 结果与结论：纳入Meta分析的研究共8个。8篇文献中6篇文献同时用了目测类比疼痛评分和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数(WOMAC)疼痛评分评价超声疗法治疗膝骨关节炎疼痛的效果,1篇文献仅用了目测类比疼痛评分,1篇文献仅用了麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数(WOMAC)疼痛评分,将此文献中的麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数(WOMAC)疼痛评分数值转换成目测类比疼痛评分数值进行数据分析。累计研究对象570例。治疗组和对照组的目测类比疼痛评分(标准化均值差：-0.51;95%置信区间：-0.68,-0.33;P=0.05)组间差异有显著性意义。可见超声波疗法是治疗膝骨关节炎疼痛的有效方法。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程全文链接：     

Clinical application of liver stiffness measurement using transient elastography in chronic liver disease from longitudinal perspectives

Accurate determination of the presence and degree of fibrosis in liver is of great importance, because the prognosis and management strategies for chronic liver disease depend mainly on these factors. To date, liver biopsy (LB) remains the "gold standard" for assessing the severity of liver fibrosis; however, LB is often limited by its invasiveness, sampling error, and intra/ inter-observer variability in histological interpretation. Furthermore, repeated LB examinations within a short time interval are indeed ineligible in a real clinical practice. Thus, due to the pressing need for non-invasive surrogates for liver fibrosis, transient elastography (TE),as a novel ultrasound based technology, has allowed a noninvasive measurement of liver stiffness and has gained in popularity over recent years. In the past few years, additional roles for transient TE beyond the initial purpose of a non-invasive surrogate for LB have included the prediction of the most two critical consequences of fibrosis progression: the development of portal hypertension-related complications and hepatocellular carcinoma. This indicates that the role of transient TE is not merely limited to reducing the need for LB, but transient TE can enable the establishment of tailored management strategies by providing more detailed prognostic information. In particular, under the concept in which the clinical course of liver fibrosis is dynamic and bidirectional, especially when appropriate intervention is commenced, transient TE can be used to track the dynamic changes in fibrotic burden during antiviral or antifibrotic treatment. This review discussed extended applications of transient TE in prediction of the development of real clinical endpoints from a longitudinal perspective.     

超声刀生物夹在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)中应用超声刀及生物夹的安全性和可靠性。方法对203例患者行LC术中采用超声刀生物夹的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 203例患者胆囊管均一次结扎、凝断成功,无中转开腹病例。所有患者术后无胆囊管残端胆漏及出血等并发症,术后无需止痛处理,住院时间3～4d,均痊愈出院。结论 LC术中生物夹结扎胆囊管,继以超声刀凝断胆囊管和胆囊动脉,安全、可靠,能避免体内金属异物残留。     

超声弹性评分法对乳腺小肿块的诊断价值

探讨超声弹性成像(ultrasound elastography,UE)评分法对乳腺小肿块的诊断价值。方法选择行乳腺检查的患者99例(102个乳腺肿块,直径≤2cm),将102个直径≤2cm的乳腺肿块按大小分为2组:Ⅰ组(乳腺肿块直径>1～≤2cm组)60个和Ⅱ组(乳腺肿块直径≤1cm组)42个。2组均行常规超声检查后进行弹性成像检查。采用UE评分法(5分评分法)对所有乳腺肿块进行UE评分。根据UE评分法计算直径≤2cm的乳腺肿块和Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。结果 102个≤2cm的乳腺肿块中,病理诊断为良性53个、恶性49个。UE评分法对直径≤2cm的乳腺肿块诊断的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为83.67%、88.68%、86.27%、87.23%、85.45%。Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为80.00%、86.67%、83.33%、85.71%、81.25%和89.47%、91.30%、90.48%、89.47%、91.30%,Ⅱ组的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值均明显高于Ⅰ组(均P<0.05)。结论 UE评分法对乳腺小肿块具有较高的诊断价值,有助于早期乳腺癌的诊断。     

经直肠超声弹性成像在前列腺穿刺活检中的应用价值

目的:探讨经直肠超声弹性成像引导前列腺穿刺活检的应用价值。方法:对98例疑诊为前列腺癌的患者行前列腺活检,在经直肠彩色超声扫查基础上系统活检,同时应用超声弹性成像对可疑病灶增加活检针数。结果:在54例前列腺癌患者中,仅弹性成像结节加穿的穿刺阳性18例(33.3％,18/54),仅系统穿刺法阳性14例(25.9％,14/54),两种方法均阳性22例(40.7％,22/54);采用系统穿刺法和弹性成像结节加穿法的阳性率分别为40.8%(40/98)及36.7％(36/98),两者差异无统计学意义(P=0.672)。98例患者共穿刺1132针,其中系统穿刺法980针,弹性成像共在69例患者中发现异常目标,共穿刺152针。经病理证实,阳性针数为169针,总穿刺点阳性率为14.9％(169/1132);系统穿刺点阳性率为10.9％(107/980);靶向穿刺点阳性率为40.8％(62/152),弹性成像结节加穿的阳性率显著高于系统穿刺法(P<0.0001)。结论:经直肠超声弹性成像有助于确定活检的目标,提高超声引导前列腺活检的效能。     

Transient elastography for non‐invasive evaluation of post‐transplant liver graft fibrosis in children

As graft survival in pediatric LT is often affected by progressive fibrosis, numerous centers carry out protocol liver biopsies. Follow‐up biopsy protocols differ from center to center, but all biopsies are progressively spaced out, as time from transplant increases. Therefore, there is a need for non‐invasive techniques to evaluate graft fibrosis progression in those children who have no clinical or serological signs of liver damage. Indirect markers, such as the APRI, should be relied on with caution because their sensitivity in predicting fibrosis can be strongly influenced by the etiology of liver disease, severity of fibrosis, and patient age. A valid alternative could be TE, a non‐invasive technique already validated in adults, which estimates the stiffness of the cylindrical volume of liver tissue, 100‐fold the size of a standard needle biopsy sample. The aims of this study were to evaluate the reliability of TE in children after LT and to compare both the TE and the APRI index results with the histological scores of fibrosis on liver biopsies. A total of 36 pediatric LT recipients were studied. All patients underwent both TE and biopsy within a year (median interval ‐0.012 months) at an interval from LT of 0.36 to 19.47 years (median 3.02 years). Fibrosis was assessed on the biopsy specimens at histology and staged according to METAVIR. There was a statistically significant correlation between TE stiffness values and METAVIR scores (P = .005). The diagnostic accuracy of TE for the diagnosis of significant fibrosis (F ≥ 2) was measured as the area under the curve (AUROC = 0.865), and it demonstrated that the method had a good diagnostic performance. APRI was not so accurate in assessing graft fibrosis when compared to METAVIR (AUROC = 0.592). A liver stiffness cutoff value of 5.6 kPa at TE was identified as the best predictor for a significant graft fibrosis (METAVIR F ≥ 2) on liver biopsy, with a 75% sensitivity, a 95.8% specificity, a 90% positive predictive value, and an 88.5% negative predictive value. These data suggest that TE may represent a non‐invasive, reliable tool for the assessment of graft fibrosis in the follow‐up of LT children, alerting the clinicians to the indication for a liver biopsy, with the aim of reducing the number of protocol liver biopsies.