耳后皮瓣血管的显微外科解剖学基础

目的:研究颞浅动脉和耳后动脉之间的血管联系,以确定带不同血管蒂的耳后皮瓣的血供范围和皮瓣设计。方法:8具新鲜成人尸体经双侧颈总动脉灌注氧化铅-明胶混合液。掀起全层头皮和面部皮肤,将其展平摄X光片。结果:血管造影显示颞浅动脉和耳后动脉之间存在两种类型的血管吻合:一种是耳后区直接吻合,即在耳廓后面上方皮肤内可见颞浅动脉和耳后动脉发出的耳支之间存在直接吻合;另一种是头皮区网状吻合,即在耳上方头皮内可见来自颞浅动脉顶支和耳后动脉终末支之间的网状吻合。结论:本文结果有助于外科医生了解颞浅动脉和耳后动脉之间的血管联系,对耳后皮瓣的设计和改进提供可靠的解剖学基础。     

结肠腔内置管在梗阻性左半结肠癌中的应用

目的 探讨预防梗阻性左半结肠癌一期切除吻合术后吻合口漏发生的新方法,方法 将２１５例便阻性左半结肠癌术中结肠灌洗和一期切除吻合等处理的患者随机分为两组。双管引流组术中经肛门旋转结肠腔内双管引流,扩肛组术中不旋转肠腔内引流管,术后定时扩肛,对两组患者术后腹腔脓肿和吻合口漏发生率进行对比分析。结果 腹腔脓肿和吻合口漏发生率双管引流组分别为３．１％（４／１３０）和３．８％（５／１３０）,扩肛组分别为１０     

一期切除吻合术在左半结肠急性梗阻中的应用(附33例报告)

目的：探讨左半结肠急性梗阻如何安全实施一期切除吻合术。方法：回顾分析左半结肠急性梗阻行一期切除吻合术３３例。结果：一期愈合３１例,吻合口瘘１例,死亡率１例。结论：左半结肠急性梗阻只要正确掌握一期切除吻合术适应症,以及完善术中术后处理,可以安全施行一期切除吻合术。     

肺内支气管动脉与肺动脉吻合的形态学研究

目的 为肺部疾病的诊治提供形态学基础,方法 选用４０例肺血管灌注标本和８例肺腐蚀铸型标本进行观测。结果 支气管动脉与肺动脉间存在大于毛细血管的吻合,在４０例成人肺标本中,其中８例发现吻合１０处。这些吻合支位于支气管壁,肺动脉壁和肺胸膜内,吻合方式有端－侧和端－端两种,吻合支长度为４．２～３２．７ｍｍ外径为７４～７９９μｍ。结论 支气管动脉与肺动脉的吻合具有重要的临床意义。     

贲门癌切除机械吻合术后的胃食管反流

目的:探讨贲门癌切除食管胃机械吻合术后重建食管与胃食管反流之间的关系.方法:对30例术后患者进行食管胃压力测定,其中16例行24h食管pH监测,12例行内镜检查和病理学检查.结果:测压结果显示:吻合口与吻合口下方的静息压相似,比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05),而吻合口上方静息压增高,平均为3.42mmHg,经比较吻合口上方和吻合口下方差异有显著性(P＜0.05).值得注意的是其压力值(3.42mmHg)远低于正常括约肌的静息压(10～45mmHg),因此其抗反流作用的程度是有限的.本组16例术后食管24h pH监测表明食管的酸暴露时间延长,食管酸暴露时间百分比平均为13.78%,为正常人的11倍,反流次数增加,最长反流时间达43min,说明手术后的胃食管反流是客观存在的.内镜检查和病理检查,83.3%有异常现象及食管炎征象,进一步证实术后患者有不同程度的反流性食管炎.结论:1)贲门癌切除食管胃吻合术后存在胃食管反流.2)反流的发生不因机械吻合或手工吻合而异.3)反流的发生与术后时间长短无关.4)24h食管pH监测是最敏感的观察方法.5)半卧位睡眠是预防反流的有效方法.6)反流的治疗主要应用促动力药和粘膜保护剂.     

弧形吻合治疗187例食管癌的临床观察

目的:探讨食管胃弧形吻合在预防食管癌术后返流性食管炎和吻合口狭窄方面的疗效。方法:食管断端外弧形切断,胃壁弧形切口并剥除弧形瓣浆肌层,暴露粘膜下层后与食管逐排吻合,后壁悬套,形成后壁的半弧瓣。术后观察指标:进食情况;吻合口大小及钡剂返流情况;餐前、后食管液pH值测定;食管24小时pH值监测。结果:吻合口狭窄发生率1.6%,进普食者73.3%。24小时pH值监测:立位和卧位对比无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:该吻合方式能预防返流性食管炎,减少术后吻合口狭窄发生率,提高术后患者的生活质量(进普食者居多)。     

Tracheal Transplantation: Superior and Inferior Thyroid Artery Perfusion Territory

Objective: To determine the perfusion territories of the superior and inferior thyroid arteries in humans. Tracheal transplantation is a potential option for management of long-segment tracheal stenosis. However, the maximum length of vascularized trachea that can be reliably transplanted has not been established. Study Design: The tracheal vascular territory of individual superior and inferior thyroid arteries was determined separately in 10 humans postmortem. Methods: India ink was infused unilaterally under controlled pressure into the superior (n = 5) and inferior (n = 5) thyroid arteries of cadaveric tracheas. Tracheas were sectioned longitudinally and the caudalmost extent of mucosal dye staining was determined via microscopic assessment. Results: The tracheal perfusion territory of the superior thyroid artery was two to five rings (1.7 ± 0.5 cm) and the inferior thyroid artery, nine to 13 rings (6.5 ± 1.1 cm). In both cases, the tracheal mucosa on the contralateral side was stained to the same caudal level. Conclusions: The inferior thyroid artery was shown to perfuse the trachea maximally to the 13th ring (8.1 cm). As such, the unilateral inferior thyroid artery would serve as a suitable vascular component for long-segment tracheal transplantation in humans.     

食管胃机械吻合的临床应用和随访

本文报告了作者自1986年至1994年期间对247例食管癌、责门癌患者行食管胃机械吻合的经验和随访情况。方法：采用A组不设禁忌证，单纯使用吻合器行消化道重建，一次吻合成功；B组掌握适应证，并实施抗吻合口狭窄抗返流操作，两组均采用上海GF－Ⅰ型（φ＝28mm）消化道吻合器。结果：获访228例（92．3％）。吻合口内径＜1．0cm者A组14．4％（其中内径＜0．8cm者8．4％）；B组3．6％。返流率A组74％，B组8．2％。结论：使用吻合器有简便、省时、吻合口瘘发生率低的优点，但易致吻合口狭窄。若在吻合后加4～8针缝线使吻合口粘膜对合良好，可减少狭窄的机会，应用时应严格掌握适应证，吻合完毕后将胃包埋食管，对预防术后返流是必要的。     

Scanning Electron Microscopic Evaluation of Nonocclusive Excimer Laser-Assisted Anastomosis in Rabbits

Summary  Background. The nonocclusive Excimer laser-assisted bypass technique has been described in previous studies and proved to be a promising bypass operation in vascular brain surgery. Little is known about the morphological regeneration process of the laser-assisted anastomosis in time.  By way of a scanning electron microscopic study we examined the way in which the anastomosis site created by the nonocclusive Excimer laser-assisted anastomosis technique becomes endothelialized.  Methods. In 14 rabbits the internal jugular vein was placed in a loop on the abdominal aorta. The distal anastomosis was made using the nonocclusive Excimer laser-assisted technique. The proximal anastomosis was made either laser-assisted or conventional end-to-side. After clipping of the aorta between the two anastomoses sites the vein served as a bypass. To evaluate the endothelialization at the laser-assisted anastomosis site in time, a scanning electron microscopic study was performed.  Results. In the first hours after the bypass operation a new intimal surface is formed by fibrin and activated platelets. Some leukocytes are seen during the first days. The endothelialization process of the laser-assisted anastomosis site begins one day after the operation. The gradual endothelialization process evolved along two lines. First, endothelial cells grow from the side of the aorta to the bypass. Second, after one day solitary (blood-borne) endothelial cells deposit on the laser edge and the sutures, covering the platelet aggregates.  Conclusions. The endothelialization of the Excimer laser-assisted anastomosis is more or less completed 9 days after the operation. The edge created by the laser becomes smoother after a few days and is gone for the most part after 9 days.     

不同参数激光诱导脉络膜视网膜静脉吻合

目的　探讨不同激光参数、不同击射部位对脉络膜 视网膜静脉吻合形成的影响。方法　在视网膜分支静脉阻塞模型上 ,以不同参数在不同部位诱导吻合支的形成 ,以荧光素眼底血管造影、连续组织切片观察吻合支的建立及其周围组织反应情况。结果　功率 90 0、12 0 0、15 0 0、180 0mW诱导吻合支的成功率为 0、2 0 .83%、4 5 .83%、6 2 .5 0 % (P=0 .0 0 1) ;直径 5 0、10 0 μm诱导吻合支的成功率分别为 4 3.75 %、2 0 .83% (P =0 .0 16 ) ;击射部位距视盘边缘 2DD与 3DD对吻合支形成的影响无统计学意义 (P =0 .732 ) ,2DD与4DD间 (P =0 .0 2 8) ,3DD与 4DD间 (P =0 .0 2 3)差异均有显著性 ;12 0 0、15 0 0mW诱导的吻合支周围组织损伤较轻 ,180 0mW诱导的吻合支周围组织损伤较重。结论　功率、光斑直径是影响脉络膜 视网膜静脉吻合形成的 2个主要因素 ,其中功率起决定性作用 ;5 32nm激光诱导吻合支形成的最适功率和直径为 12 0 0～ 15 0 0mW、5 0 μm ;击射部位以距视盘 3DD处最佳