41名肢残者十六项人格特质测验

应用“卡特尔十六项人格特质测验问卷”,对41名肢残者和40名健全人进行对照研究。结果表明,肢残人较健全人在孤独性上具有明显的差异,偏于缄默,固执,关注外界信息,具有一定的防卫倾向。肢残人富于实验性,较健全人更自由、激进、好学,具有较强的独立工作能力,希望生活更充实多彩。在各项能力水平上,肢残上与健全人没有显著差别。不同性别肢残人人格特质在敏感性上差异明显,女性较理智和着重现实,而男性则偏于敏感,易感情用事。     

A simple diagnostic index for asthma

BACKGROUND: Asthma is becoming increasingly prevalent and a number of research groups are investigating its genetic and environmental basis. OBJECTIVE: To produce a brief screening tool suitable for determining phenotype in asthma research. METHODS: The scores from eight questions on symptoms and history were obtained from 678 adults and 244 children from high asthma-incidence caucasian families. An independent physician diagnosis was also obtained with the use of a modified NHLBI-CSGA questionnaire and pulmonary function test. Stepwise logistic regression was applied to determine which of the eight questions had greatest predictive value for asthma, and the quality of the resultant models was evaluated using an independent set of 643 adults and 239 children. RESULTS: For adults, the most parsimonious model used responses from three of the eight questions. It had sensitivity and specificity of 0.94 and 0.96, respectively. For children, responses to two questions gave a model with sensitivity and specificity of 0.97. For both age groups, negative predictive values were above 0.87. Positive predictive values were 0.58 and 0.78 for adults and children respectively. The latter emphasize the need for conformation, by physician, of "affected" calls made by this initial screen. CONCLUSION: The brief questionnaires described are potentially useful in a research setting, as a preliminary screening mechanism of low cost. Their use will reduce the numbers of subjects that must undergo detailed phenotyping.     

What Can Be Learned from a Lattice Analysis of a Laterality Questionnaire?

In order to develop a genetic study of human laterality, we conducted an exploratory study concerning one aspect of this phenotype: lattice analysis was used to determine whether the structure of manual preference was the same for right- and left-handers. The study highlights the links between two sets — participants and actions — describing binary data, by ordering them dually along a Galois lattice: participants were ordered according to subsets of actions for which they used only their writing hand, while actions were ordered according to sub-groups using their writing hand to perform them. The twelve item questionnaire of Annett was analysed in two samples of 94 adult right-hand and 31 left-hand writers. The items did not have the same categorical impact for the two groups of left- and right-hand writers. The behaviour of right-handers appeared globally more stereotyped. On the contrary, left-handed profiles were nearly all distinct. To explore these conclusions more thoroughly in the general population would certainly require greater samples. Nevertheless in both cases the observed structures were highly dimensional, a result that would grow stronger as the group sizes increase. Hence whereas some questionnaires purport to evaluate laterality along an unidimensional continuum, the present analysis questions such a strong assumption providing evidence to the contrary.     

心理控制源及相关因素对高考学生家长焦虑的影响

目的探讨子女教育心理控制源及相关因素与高考学生家长焦虑情绪的相关关系。方法对保定市两所重点高中的236名高考学生家长共435人,进行了自编一般情况问卷、子女教育心理控制源量表（PLOC）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）测试。结果①高三学生家长中母亲在子女对父母生活的控制（t=-2.264,P〈0.05）因子分上显著高于父亲;不同受教育程度PLOC各因子差异显著（P〈0.01）;经济状况良好的家庭父母PLOC中父母对子女行为的控制因子分显著高于经济状况一般和经济状况较差的父母;②教育成效、父母责任、子女对父母生活的控制、父母对子女行为的控制4个因子得分与焦虑自评量表得分呈正相关（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。③焦虑与PLOC及相关因素的回归分析表明,性别、受教育程度、父母对子女行为的控制进入了对焦虑的回归方程,对焦虑的预测作用较大。结论高考学生家长焦虑情绪受多种因素影响,并与子女教育心理控制源有关。     

汉区少数民族学生文化疏离感研究

目的:提出文化疏离感的操作性定义和初步的理论构想,为我国少数民族的文化认同和文化适应,以及少数民族青少年的教育培养提供比较重要的参考资料,为疏离感理论的丰富起到一定积极作用.方法:自编<汉区少数民族学生文化疏离感量表>,进行信效度考察以后对678名汉区少数民族学生进行调查.结果:1.文化疏离感及其四个子维度在地区主效应上均表现出显著差异,在年龄主效应上差异不显著;文化分离感和不和谐感在性别主效应上差异显著.2.文化疏离感及其两个子维度(文化孤立感和文化分离感)在年龄和地区,以及在年龄、地区和性别的交互作用上均表现出显著差异.3.影响文化疏离感及其文化孤立感、文化分离感、被控感三个维度的主要变量是学生小学前后居住地区的改变,而影响不和谐感的主要变量是性别.结论:小学前后居住地的改变会影响少数民族学生文化疏离感.     

颞骨内面神经管的解剖测量及其临床意义

目的为避免中耳手术中对面神经的损伤。方法对50例(100侧)成人尸头颞骨内面神经管进行解剖测量。结果面神经管迷路段为4.53±1.21mm,鼓室段为9.32±1.25mm,乳突段为13.25±1.53mm,面神经管总长为29.86±0.57mm。结论熟悉颞骨内面神经管的解剖结构,可避免对面神经的损伤,减少和避免面瘫的发生。     

青少年网络行为问卷的编制及信效度分析

目的:编制青少年网络行为问卷,为系统评估网络成瘾青少年的网络相关行为特点提供工具。方法:通过开放式访谈和文献复习,建立问卷的初始条目库。采用探索性因素分析技术筛选条目。在湖南永州和长沙市分别取样490例和606例,进行问卷的有关信效度检验。结果:青少年网络行为问卷最终由56个条目构成,其中反映网络使用时间和上网条件等一般情况的条目16条,余40个条目可归纳为9个因子,分别为信息与技术、性与游戏、娱乐放松、网络人际关系、网络效能感、对网络的积极评价、消极评价、上网焦虑、网络满意度。9因子累计可解释方差变异的51.651%。验证性因素分析表明,9因子结构拟合良好,χ2/df=2.780,NFI=0.961,RFI=0.957,IFI=0.975,TLI=0.972,CFI=0.975,RMSEA=0.054。除少数分量表外,各分量表的"系数和重测相关系数较高。结论:青少年网络行为问卷具有较好的结构效度和信度。其实证效度有待进一步检验。     

老化态度问卷的编制及其初步试用

目的：编制老化态度问卷。方法：通过调查和参考国外量表,组成问卷。在老年人中使用后,对问卷进行各项量表属性分析。结果：根据项目分析结果。对条目筛选后的老化态度问卷,因此分析显示具有两个主成分。内部一致性信度和复测信度达到0.9以上。分半信度0.77。结论：自编老化态度问卷具有良好信度,效度。     

Factor Structure, Reliability, and Validity of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale

The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS; Sullivan et al., Psychol. Assess. 7, 524–532, 1995) has recently been developed to assess three components of catastrophizing: rumination, magnification, and helplessness. We conducted three studies to evaluate the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the PCS. In Study I, we conducted principal-components analysis with oblique rotation to replicate the three factors of the PCS. Gender differences on the original PCS subscales were also analyzed. In Study II, we conducted confirmatory factor analyses to evaluate the adequacy of fit of four alternative models. We also evaluated evidence for concurrent and discriminant validity. In Study III, we evaluated the ability of the PCS and subscales to differentiate between the responses of clinic (students seeking treatment) and nonclinic undergraduate samples. Also, in the clinic sample, we evaluated evidence of concurrent and predictive validity for the PCS. The internal consistency reliability indices for the total PCS and subscales were examined in all three studies. Limitations and future directions are discussed.     

大学生自我概念发展状况研究

目的；研究大学生自我概念发展状况。方法：采用田纳西自我概念量表（TSCS）测量了477名大学生的自我概念状况。并进行了不同层面的分析。结果：大学生的自我概念在总体上是比较积极的，在性别，年级，成绩，家庭经济条件，是否独生子女，是否学生干部上存在着差异。但不存在文理专业和城乡的差异。结论：这一结果将使大学生的心理健康教育更具有针对性和有效性。