肿瘤相关巨噬细胞与头颈部恶性肿瘤免疫微环境研究

肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(tumor-associated macrophages,TAMs)是肿瘤微环境中免疫抑制细胞中重要的一员,可以分泌多种生长因子、细胞因子、免疫抑制介质和蛋白水解酶以促进肿瘤的发生、进展和转移.本文就近年来TAMs在头颈部恶性肿瘤免疫微环境中的研究进展做一综述.     

生长环境对鳞状细胞癌分化及增殖的影响

目的 :探讨不同部位鳞癌的细胞角蛋白 ,增殖细胞核抗原基因产物表达的差异性 ,对研究肿瘤局部生长环境对肿瘤实质细胞的影响具有一定的理论意义。方法 :采用免疫组织化学LSAB法检测 69例不同部位鳞癌 (皮肤鳞癌 9例、鼻咽鳞癌 10例、喉鳞癌 12例、食管鳞癌 14例、宫颈鳞癌 12例、肺鳞癌 12例 )的细胞角蛋白 (cytokeratin ,CK)、增殖细胞核抗原 (prolireratingcellnuclearantigen ,PCNA)基因产物的表达情况。结果 :皮肤、食管鳞癌多为高分化鳞癌 ,鼻咽、肺鳞癌多为低分化鳞癌 ;CK在不同部位鳞癌的表达由强到弱依次为皮肤、食管、喉、宫颈、肺 ;CK阳性细胞在皮肤、食管鳞癌组织中由癌巢周边到中央表达逐渐增强 ,CK阳性细胞在鼻咽、肺鳞癌组织中散在分布 ;高分化鳞癌较低分化鳞癌表达强。PCNA的表达在鼻咽、肺鳞癌明显强于皮肤、食管鳞癌 (P <0 0 5)。PCNA阳性细胞在皮肤、食管鳞癌组织中主要位于癌巢周边 ;在喉鳞癌中位于癌巢的周边到中层 ;在鼻咽、宫颈、肺鳞癌中从癌巢周边到中央弥散分布。结论 :不同的生长环境可能对鳞癌的分化、增殖影响不同     

细胞凋亡在正常和肿瘤组织微环境中的作用

Apoptosis is the autonomous death of cells, which is controlled by the genes and to maintain the homeostasis of the body. Apoptosis is the important mechanism in the cell’s growth and development. Recent studies have found that apoptosis can affect the neighboring cells physiological process in microenvironment through directly contact or release a series of regulatory factor, which plays an important roles in the construction of tumor microenvironment. Therefore, understanding the roles of apoptosis in the normal and tumor microenvironment has great significance for further study the pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of tumor.     

Immunobiology of Facial Nerve Repair and Regeneration

Immunobiological study is a key to revealing the important basis of facial nerve repair and regeneration for both research and development of clinic treatments. The microenvironmental changes around an injuried facial motoneuron, i.e., the aggregation and expression of various types of immune cells and molecules in a dynamic equilibrium, impenetrate from the start to the end of the repair of an injured facial nerve. The concept of "immune microenvironment for facial nerve repair and regeneration", mainly concerns with the dynamic exchange between expression and regulation networks and a variaty of immune cells and immune molecules in the process of facial nerve repair and regeneration for the maintenance of a immune microenvironment favorable for nerve repair. Investigation on microglial activation and recruitment, T cell behavior, cytokine networks, and immunological cellular and molecular signaling pathways in facial nerve repair and regeneration are the current hot spots in the research on immunobiology of facial nerve injury. The current paper provides a comprehensive review of the above mentioned issues. Research of these issues will eventually make immunological interventions practicable treatments for facial nerve injury in the clinic.     

低危骨髓增生异常综合征患者间充质干细胞的生物学特性的实验研究

骨髓增生异常综合征的发病机制至今尚未明确，有研究表明MDS患者骨髓基质微环境功能的异常与其发病有关。间充质干细胞是造血微环境的重要成分，本研究拟探讨低危MDS患者间充质干细胞（MSC）的生物学特性及功能．采集低危MDS患者的骨髓标本，分离、培养和扩增MSC，观察细胞形态，进行免疫表型、成骨分化能力鉴定，检测其增殖能力及对体外造血的支持功能；用实时定量RT—PCR法测定MSC中相关细胞因子及化学趋化因子的表达，并与健康供者的MSC进行比较。结果表明：培养低危MDS患者的MSC呈典型的成纤维细胞样，细胞表达SH2（CD105），SH3（CD73），Thy—1（CD90），CD34及CD45均为阴性，诱导后可向成骨细胞分化。其体外扩增能力与与健康供者相比无显著差异（P〉0．05），但体外支持造血功能较后者显著减低（P〈0．05）。实时定量PT—PCR显示SDF—1在低危MDS患者MSC中显著高表达（P〈0.01）。结论：间充质干细胞的功能异常与低危MDS患者骨髓微环境的造血调控失常相关，这为MDS发病机制的认识及治疗提供了新的思路，值得进一步探讨。     

树鼩海马微环境谷氨酸异常与rCBF相互作用的探讨

目的:探讨海马微环境内异常谷氨酸与局部脑血流(regional cerebral blood flow,rCBF)互动变化及其可能机制。方法:单泵等速微灌流系统分别行树鼩海马高、中、低谷氨酸微灌流4 h,通过激光多普勒血同时NM-DA-NR1表达增加流计测量海马CA1区rCBF含量;并用免疫组化观察海马CA1区血管内皮细胞NMDA-NR1表达。微灌流谷氨酸溶液后原位灌流其受体拮抗剂MK-801,并观测上述指标改变。结果:树鼩微环境内随着谷氨酸的增加海马rCBF逐渐降低(P<0.01),其中高浓度谷氨酸微灌流后的rCBF(PU)最低(6.9±0.3,P<0.01)同时NMDA-NR1表达增加(P<0.01),使用Glu受体NMDA拮抗剂MK-801后可显着升高rCBF,同时可降低NM-DA-NR1表达(P<0.01)。结论:海马神经元微环境中Glu增多时,可诱导局部脑血管内皮细胞损伤继而可能是诱发海马神经元损伤的原因之一。