黑龙江省儿童结核性脑膜炎流行趋势分析

目的研究黑龙江省结核性脑膜炎（结脑）十年来发病的变化趋势以便采取有力措施控制该病发生。方法统计每年各市、县结核病防治所登记的已确诊的１４周岁以下结脑发病人数，对比研究其变化及主要原因。结果结脑发病率呈明显下降趋势，１９８２年与１９９２年发病率分别为９．５８／１０万与２．１７／１０万，年递降率１３．８％。结论政府重视，改善人民生活，化疗控制传染源，认真接种卡介苗是结脑发病下降的有效措施。     

瘫复康口服液对脑缺血的保护作用

本研究证实瘫复康口服液对急性脑缺血运物具有明显的保护作用，能够减少脑组织的缺血性损伤；增加脑血流量，改善脑组织的缺血缺氧状况；并能改善血瘀运物的脑膜微循环障碍，实验结果提示该药对脑缺血的保护作用可能是治疗缺血性中风的作用途径之一。     

Methotrexate induced brain necrosis and severe leukoencephalopathy due to disconnection of an Ommaya device

Summary A 63-year old woman with breast carcinoma developed leucoencephalopathy and local brain necrosis after intraparenchymal infusion of methotrexate. This iatrogenic condition was caused by drain disconnection of the Ommaya device (bore hole type). The diagnosis of this rare complication of an Ommaya device was based on multiplanar MR-imaging. The case is discussed with regard to the complications of intraventricular chemotherapy by means of an Ommaya reservoir.     

Meningeal involvement by a transformed mycosis fungoides following Hodgkin's disease

A 58-year-old man had long-standing lesions of presumed large plaque parapsoriasis. Following treatment for nodal Hodgkin's disease (HD), these became more infiltrated, with a diagnosis of mycosis fungoides (MF). A few months later, nodules appeared on the right leg, which was lymphoedematous after inguinal irradiation for HD. Histopathological examination showed CD3+, CD30-, CD15- large pleomorphic lymphocytes, leading to the diagnosis of transformed MF. The cutaneous lesions were successfully treated with topical nitrogen mustard and interferon alfa-2b then methotrexate, but his general health worsened with depression and malaise, without specific neurological symptoms or extracutaneous spreading of the lymphoma. Cerebral computed tomographic scan revealed a cerebellar subdural collection, arachnoid cyst and quadriventricular hydrocephaly, initially considered to be non-specific. After a few weeks, clinical symptoms of intracranial hypertension appeared, and a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination revealed meningeal involvement by the lymphoma. These cells were CD3-negative and the diagnosis was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) study, which revealed an identical clonal rearrangement of the T-cell receptor gamma gene between cutaneous biopsies and the CSF. Repeated intrathecal injections of methotrexate and cranial irradiation were performed and the patient was still alive after 13 months. This case illustrates the possible meningeal involvement of MF that may be preceded by atypical and mild neurological or psychiatric symptoms, which may be dissociated from the evolution of the cutaneous lesions. Moreover, PCR study may be useful for both diagnosis and monitoring.     

Measurements of CSF biochemical tumor markers in patients with meningeal carcinomatosis and brain tumors

Summary CSF beta-glucuronidase, polyamines and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were analyzed in 16 patients with meningeal carcinomatosis from solid tumor in systemic organs, 27 with benign brain lesions, 18 with primary brain tumors, 14 with metastatic brain tumors and 5 with leptomeningeal dissemination of other malignant diseases. Beta-glucuronidase levels in all cases of meningeal carcinomatosis, meningeal gliomatosis and meningeal lymphoma were higher than 100 g/dl/hr; on the other hand, levels in all cases of benign brain lesions were below 100 g/dl/hr. Levels of beta-glucuronidase and polyamines were not high in the cases with positive cytology after tumor resection. Polyamine levels were below 0.05 nmol/ml in all cases after resection of the metastatic brain tumor.Cystic fluid of malignant tumors showed high levels of beta-glucuronidase and polyamines. On the other hand, the levels of polyamines in the cystic fluid of benign tumor were low, although the levels of beta-glucuronidase were high. Some cases of meningeal carcinomatosis with high levels of serum CEA did not show high levels of CSF CEA. For metastatic brain tumors, the cases with intraparenchymal tumors, especially with dural attachment showed high levels of beta-glucuronidase and CEA preoperatively, but they returned to normal after surgery. In cases of meningeal carcinomatosis treated by intrathecal chemotherapy with methotrexate (MTX) and cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), CSF beta-glucuronidase reflected the neurological status better than the cell count decreased rapidly following chemotherapy and beta-glucuronidase was considered as a useful CSF marker in cases of meningeal carcinomatosis to monitor the course of the disease. The same situation was observed in CSF CEA and CEA was also considered as a useful marker when CEA levels in CSF are higher than those in serum.     

Vascular intimal carcinomatosis: An autopsy case of unusual form of pulmonary metastasis of transitional cell carcinoma

A 44-year-old woman with an unusual form of pulmonary metastasis is described. She presented with pulmonary thrombosis and clinical signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and died of cerebral hemorrhage. The autopsy study revealed transitional cell carcinoma of the left renal peivils with pulmonary thrombosis In the large arteries. The intima of the vessels were intact on gross inspection except where the thrombi adhered to. The thrombi contained no tumor cells. However, microscopic examination identffied that the metastatic carcinoma diffusely replaced the endothelium and proliferated on to the intimal surface without invasion of the wall and metastatic nodules In the parenchyma. Other examined organs had neither primary nor metastatic tumors, except for microscopic metastasis to the inferior vena cava. To date, this pattern of metastasis has not been noted In previous literature. This condition was deslgnated as being vascular intimal carcinomatosis because of its characteristic manner of tumor proliferation on vascular intima.     

Immunocytochemical localization of carcinoembryonic antigen in cerebrospinal fluid with metastatic carcinoma of the stomach: report of four cases

A study was undertaken to evaluate the cellular findings of gastric carcinoma in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Immunocytochemical localization of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was performed on four cases of metastatic gastric carcinoma cells in CSF samples. A positive peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) reaction was obtained in all cases, with intense staining for CEA in the CSF samples as well as in the paraffin-embedded tissue sections from the primary gastric tumors. Cellular morphology and the results of immunoperoxidase staining can be studied simultaneously. We believe that the PAP method for CEA increases diagnostic accuracy of cytology in the CSF.     

耳颞神经的观察

观察了１００例耳颞神经的分支并进行统计：１．耳颞神经分为二支或二支以上夹持脑膜中动脉而后汇成一干，共５４侧，占５４％；２．耳颞神经仅为一支，越经脑膜中动脉外侧的２１侧，占２１％，越经脑膜中动脉内侧的２０侧占２０％，共占４１％；３．耳颞神经发三支越经脑膜中动脉外侧的１例，占１％，４．耳颞神经分为二支共同越经脑膜中动脉内侧的４侧，占４％。     

脑膜转移瘤22例的临床诊治及预后

目的：研究恶性肿瘤脑膜转移的临床诊断、治疗方法以及预后。方法：对22例脑膜转移瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：22病例中，有明确影像诊断者20例，CSF细胞学诊断者6例，21例分别接受鞘内化疗、局部放射、全身化疗等治疗，总生存期1周-15月，中位生存期3月。结论：脑膜转移是癌症的一个最严重的并发症之一，预后较差，诊断主要依靠CSF细胞学和MRI，治疗手段有全身化疗、鞘内治疗、局部放射治疗等。