内镜下颈侧入路喉外单侧杓状软骨次全切除的术中配合

目的:探索内镜下颈侧入路喉外单侧杓状软骨次全切除术治疗双侧外展性声带麻痹的手术配合方法。方法:我院2009年1月~2013年6月内镜下颈侧入路喉外单侧杓状软骨次全切除术患者10例的手术配合过程并总结配合方法。结果:10例患者均手术顺利。结论:科学合理的手术配合可以保证手术的顺利进行。     

Effects of testing style on language scores of four‐year‐old low‐income ‘control’ children in intervention projects 1

Language scores on the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Achievement (ITPA) attained by untreated disadvantaged four year olds were examined as a function of project testing style. In the Family Development Research Program (FDRP) an optimal testing style maximized child comfort, and permitted multiple visits to complete assessment. Despite the level of poverty and disadvantage of the preschoolers, FDRP children were significantly more likely than preschoolers from other intervention projects to achieve normal and near normal scores on subtests of ITPA.

Implicationsas of differences in testing style for understanding program effectiveness are drawn and suggestions are given for maximizing children's test performance.

     

2019年中国科技论文统计与分析简报

【目的】 了解中国科技人员在国内外发表论文情况,为各级管理部门提供决策依据。【方法】 采用国际权威检索数据库《科学引文索引》《工程索引》《科技会议录引文索引》、Scopus数据库、《医学索引》《社会科学引文索引》以及《中国科技论文与引文数据库》的数据,对中国卓越科技论文、中国科技论文数量、学科和地区分布、基金项目论文、国际合著论文和社会科学论文情况进行统计分析。【结果】 2019年中国卓越科技论文数量为38.73万篇,较2018年增加了22.6%;根据《科学引文索引》的数据,2019年中国作者共计发 表49.59万篇论文,连续第11年位居世界第2,仅次于美国;2010—2020年(截至2020年10月),中国论文的总被引频次为3605.71万次,与2018年的统计结果相比,增加了26.7%,位居世界第2;中国平均每篇论文被引用了11.94次,比2018年的统计结果提高了9.3%,但是仍低于世界平均值13.26次/篇。【结论】 近年来,中国科技论文数量迅速增长,论文影响力的提升速度也相对较快,但篇均被引频次与世界平均值相比还有较大差距。     

Addiction research centres and the nurturing of creativity. The Korean Institute on Alcohol Problems (KIAP)

The aim of this paper is to provide an account of the history, current status and vision of the Korean Institute on Alcohol Problems (KIAP). In the context of increasing alcohol consumption, rising second‐hand effects and industry‐friendly government policy, the Korean College Alcohol Study (KCAS) was established in the Republic of Korea in 1999, and changed its name to the Korean Institute on Alcohol Problems (KIAP) in 2005. KIAP's mission is to decrease alcohol consumption and its related harms by promoting research, advocating policy, developing intervention programmes and preparing media communications. Since 1999, KIAP has published scientific papers and books in alcohol research and used the internet and other media for dissemination of specialized information to the general population. In the last decade, KIAP has trained front‐line alcohol researchers, and advanced domestic and international networks to promote evidence‐based alcohol control policy in Korea. The light of hope shines brightly as KIAP grows and establishes critical linkages to move forward in its mission.     

Safety assessment of food and feed from biotechnology-derived crops employing RNA-mediated gene regulation to achieve desired traits: A scientific review

Gene expression can be modulated in plants to produce desired traits through agricultural biotechnology. Currently, biotechnology-derived crops are compared to their conventional counterparts, with safety assessments conducted on the genetic modification and the intended and unintended differences. This review proposes that this comparative safety assessment paradigm is appropriate for plants modified to express mediators of RNA-mediated gene regulation, including RNA interference (RNAi), a gene suppression mechanism that naturally occurs in plants and animals. The molecular mediators of RNAi, including long double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA), small interfering RNAs (siRNA), and microRNAs (miRNA), occur naturally in foods; therefore, there is an extensive history of safe consumption. Systemic exposure following consumption of plants containing dsRNAs that mediate RNAi is limited in higher organisms by extensive degradation of ingested nucleic acids and by biological barriers to uptake and efficacy of exogenous nucleic acids. A number of mammalian RNAi studies support the concept that a large margin of safety will exist for any small fraction of RNAs that might be absorbed following consumption of foods from biotechnology-derived plants that employ RNA-mediated gene regulation. Food and feed derived from these crops utilizing RNA-based mechanisms is therefore expected to be as safe as food and feed derived through conventional plant breeding.     

基于图模型的脑卒中功能变量关系结构探析

目的:为国际功能、残疾和健康分类(ICF)在脑卒中康复中的应用提供新思路和新依据。方法:选取100例脑卒中患者组成的便利样本,访谈法评定国际版脑卒中ICF综合核心组合的166个条目。以条目为节点,条目间的风险相关性为连线,构建图模型。采用R软件(3.2.2版)建模,用Pajek64(5.02版)进行网络分析和可视化。结果:在图模型总体内,存在主组元结构,并且可以从中提取具有稳定路径结构的3-核结构。主组元中还可以提取具有牢固连接关系的主岛屿结构。其中"d450步行"既属于通用组合,又属于简要核心组合,并且占据了重要位置。简要核心组合条目在总图中的子网络,以及这些条目在各级限定值上的频数分布,可以提供相互参照和相互补充的功能变量知识。结论:ICF综合核心组合的图模型,可反映脑卒中功能变量间的复杂关系结构。该组合的频数分布,可反映卒中功能变量的属性特征。从关系结构和属性特征两个不同视角进行分析,可以为ICF的康复应用提供综合策略。     

Differences in outcomes between the JoyBar control and standard wheelchair joystick control on two maneuverability tasks: a pilot study

Purpose: To determine if older adult, novice wheelchair users who drive a power wheelchair with a JoyBar control complete maneuverability tasks in less time and with less error than those who drive a power wheelchair with a standard joystick control.

Materials and methods: A parallel randomized controlled trial design conducted at a medical rehabilitation and research centre with ambulatory older adults aged 60 and above (n?=?27). The intervention was the JoyBar alternative wheelchair control. The primary outcome measure was total time to complete each of the two maneuverability tasks. The secondary outcome measure was total number of errors during each of the maneuverability tasks.

Results: An independent, two sampled t-test was conducted and revealed that the JoyBar group took a greater amount of time to complete both maneuverability tasks than the control group (p?p?Conclusions: Maneuverability of a powered wheelchair by novice wheelchair users was not improved through the use of the JoyBar when compared to a standard wheelchair joystick, as measured by rates of error and time to complete maneuverability tasks.

• Implications for rehabilitation

• Clients who are new to powered wheelchair use may perform maneuverability tasks faster, with equivalent accuracy, using a standard joystick versus the JoyBar.

• Clients who use a JoyBar may require adjustments to the programming of their wheelchair to ensure optimal performance.

• Additional training may be required to achieve proficiency in maneuverability tasks with a JoyBar versus a standard joystick.